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@#Objective To construct the recombinant adenovirus vector pAd-σC for the expression of avian reovirus(ARV)aC protein and to detect its effects on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells,in order to build up a basis for the development of novel anti-tumor vaccines.Methods The recombinant shuttle vector pShuttle-σC was constructed by PCR amplification of ARV σC gene,and then transformed into competent BJ5183 cells containing the adenovirus vector pAdessy-1.The recombi-nant adenovirus vector pAd-σC was obtained by homologous recombination,and the virus was packaged in HEK293 cells.The virus titer was measured by TCID_(50),the expression of σC protein was determined by Western blot and ELISA,and the effect of virus on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells SMMC7721 was detected by CCK-8 assay.Results The recombinant shuttle vector pShuttle-σC was confirmed to be constructed correctly by double enzyme digestion and sequen-cing,and the recombinant adenovirus vector pAd-σC was constructed correctly as identified by colony PCR.σC protein was successfully expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells SMMC7721.The recombinant adenovirus Ad-σC had a titer of 10~(7.5)/0.1 mL,which inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells SMMC7721.Conclusion The recombinant adenovirus vector pAd-trC containing ARV σC gene was successfully constructed,and its inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation was preliminarily analyzed,which lays a foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism of ARV oncolytic effect and further developing novel anti-tumor biological preparation.
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Retinal degenerative diseases are a major contributor to visual impairment worldwide, and research related to retinal degenerative diseases is increasingly becoming a hot topic.The sigma-1 receptor is a 223-amino-acid endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein, and its gene sequence is highly conserved throughout mammals.Sigma-1 receptors are widely distributed in various tissues and organs.Numerous studies have proved the protective role of sigma-1 receptors in retinal pathological processes, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory response, and anti-apoptosis.In addition, sigma-1 receptors have potential therapeutic roles in retinal diseases, especially diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa and glaucomatous neuropathy.In this paper, the molecular mechanisms of sigma-1 receptor-mediated retinal neuroprotection and its application in the treatment of retinal diseases were reviewed.
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【Objective】 Diabetic mice could show learning and memory dysfunction, and we aimed to investigate the effect of Sigma-1 receptor agonist, PRE-084, on neurons and cognitive impairment in mice with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). 【Methods】 Twenty mice with T1DM induced by streptozocin, aged 8-10 weeks, and 20 control mice (CON) were randomly divided into four groups (CON+Vehicle, CON+PRE-084, T1DM+Vehicle and T1DM+PRE-084). Mouse primary neurons were cultured in high glucose medium with PRE-084 and control solvent, respectively. The body weight, food and water intake, and fasting blood glucose level of mice in each group were detected and recorded. The learning and memory abilities of mice were detected by new object recognition experiment. The mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) structure of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area of mice was detected by transmission electron microscope. And the expression levels of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hippocampus of mice were detected by biochemical kit. Cell viability and ROS level of primary neurons were detected by CCK8 and cellular ROS kit. 【Results】 PRE-084 reduced the increase of body weight, food and water intake, and blood glucose caused by diabetes. PRE-084 significantly ameliorated the learning and memory impairment of the mice with T1DM, improved the changes of MAM structure in neurons of hippocampal CA1 area of diabetic mice, increased the level of ATP in hippocampus of diabetic mice, and decreased the increase of ROS expression in diabetic hippocampus and neurons under high glucose conditions. 【Conclusion】 Sigma-1 receptor agonist, PRE-084, could improve learning and memory impairment in the mice with T1DM, which might be related to the structural changes of MAM, the increase of ATP production, and the decrease of ROS production in hippocampal neurons.
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AIM: The pre-prescription system of outpatient was established and implemented based on six sigma DMAIC model to ensure the safety of drug use and promote rational of drug use. METHODS: The rules database was made scientifically and precisely, according to DMAIC model of Six Sigma-define, measure, analyze, improve and control. The pre-prescription system of our hospital was established and improved, through adopting the prescription review mode of interception and Intervention. And the process management was continued to optimize. RESULTS: The rule-making of pre-trial system for outpatient prescription in our hospital was reasonable, and the rate of clinical approval and acceptance was high. After the system audit, the average rate of doctor's revision was 76.32%, and the average rate of Pharmacist's intervention was 63.23%, the effective rate and qualified rate of pharmacist intervention were 97.23% and 96.87%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on Six Sigma DMAIC model, the pre-trial system for outpatient prescription was established and implemented, which improved the level of rational drug use, effectively ensured the safety of drug use, and improved the satisfaction of patients.
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Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse can cause serious mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. The gut microbiota is a crucial contributor to maintaining host mental health. Here, we aim to investigate if microbiota participate in Meth-induced mental disorders, and the potential mechanisms involved. Here, 15 mg/kg Meth resulted in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of mice successfully and suppressed the Sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1)/BDNF/TRKB pathway in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, Meth impaired gut homeostasis by arousing the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related colonic inflammation, disturbing the gut microbiome and reducing the microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, fecal microbiota from Meth-administrated mice mediated the colonic inflammation and reproduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in recipients. Further, SCFAs supplementation optimized Meth-induced microbial dysbiosis, ameliorated colonic inflammation, and repressed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Finally, Sigmar1 knockout (Sigmar1-/-) repressed the BDNF/TRKB pathway and produced similar behavioral phenotypes with Meth exposure, and eliminated the anti-anxiety and -depression effects of SCFAs. The activation of SIGMAR1 with fluvoxamine attenuated Meth-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Our findings indicated that gut microbiota-derived SCFAs could optimize gut homeostasis, and ameliorate Meth-induced mental disorders in a SIGMAR1-dependent manner. This study confirms the crucial role of microbiota in Meth-related mental disorders and provides a potential preemptive therapy.
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Abstract Over the last years, pharmaceutical industries have adopted continuous improvement and operational excellence programs to optimize processes, improve quality and reduce operational costs. Worldwide, Lean Manufacturing (LM) and Six Sigma (SS), as well as the integration of the two methods: Lean Six Sigma (LSS) are the most used approaches in the continuous improvement of industries and services. This work aims to investigate the employment of the Lean Six Sigma methodology in the productive areas of pharmaceutical companies located in Brazil. Interviews were conducted with managers of pharmaceutical industries that apply the approach. The results indicated the greater use of Lean Manufacturing tools compared to Six Sigma and the influence of specific peculiarities of the pharmaceutical industry on the benefits that are achieved with the use of Lean Six Sigma. The approach is considered of great value as it provides substantial benefits to the pharmaceutical industry. It is concluded that the work corroborates to the theoretical and empirical knowledge about the methodology use in the context of Brazilian pharmaceutical industries, as well as contributes to the implementation, reformulation, and improvement of Lean Six Sigma programs in this industrial segment.
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Objective To investigate the gene expression of sigma factors in vivo, and to explore the sigma factors that may be closely related to the virulence of pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Methods Tuberculosis (TB) patients diagnosed in the outpatient department of Tianjin Tuberculosis Control Center from January to December 2018 were selected, and 20 sputum-positive specimens were randomly selected from TB patients confirmed with Xpert-positive for the present study. Two immediate sputum specimens were collected from each case of pulmonary tuberculosis before treatment, one for RNA extraction and one for in vitro culture. In vitro cultured strains in the logarithmic phase of growth were harvested for RNA extraction. The specific primers for 13 sigma factors were designed. The differential expression of the 13 sigma factors between sputum isolates and in vitro cultured strains was analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Taking ribosomal 16s as the reference gene, the transcription level of sigma factors was analyzed by 2ΔCt. Using the stably expressed sigA as the control reference, the expression differences of other sigma factors were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results Within 0 days, stress-associated sigma factors have a different expression profile in clinical isolate strains vs H37Rv or in vitro. All the sigma factors induced up regulation in sputum ,while no difference transcription between clinical isolate strains vs H37Rv（P＞0.05）. When compared to in vitro culture ,only sigM transcript highest in sputum(P＜0.05). Conclusion SigM plays an important role in the initial stages of bacterial infection, but its exact role is unclear.We assumed it could have a role in the interplay between the host immune defenses and the bacterial escape mechanisms.
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Opioids are the most effective painkillers, but their benefit-risk balance often hinder their therapeutic use. WLB-73502 is a dual, bispecific compound that binds sigma-1 (S1R) and mu-opioid (MOR) receptors. WLB-73502 is an antagonist at the S1R. It behaved as a partial MOR agonist at the G-protein pathway and produced no/unsignificant β-arrestin-2 recruitment, thus demonstrating low intrinsic efficacy on MOR at both signalling pathways. Despite its partial MOR agonism, WLB-73502 exerted full antinociceptive efficacy, with potency superior to morphine and similar to oxycodone against nociceptive, inflammatory and osteoarthritis pain, and superior to both morphine and oxycodone against neuropathic pain. WLB-73502 crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds brain S1R and MOR to an extent consistent with its antinociceptive effect. Contrary to morphine and oxycodone, tolerance to its antinociceptive effect did not develop after repeated 4-week administration. Also, contrary to opioid comparators, WLB-73502 did not inhibit gastrointestinal transit or respiratory function in rats at doses inducing full efficacy, and it was devoid of proemetic effect (retching and vomiting) in ferrets at potentially effective doses. WLB-73502 benefits from its bivalent S1R antagonist and partial MOR agonist nature to provide an improved antinociceptive and safety profile respect to strong opioid therapy.
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This research work aims to analyze the nominal convergence of budgetary variables resulting from the respect of the convergence criteria and the impact of convergence indicators on the exchange rate volatility inner the WAEMU members States. From that end we have conducted the empirical analysis of budgetary convergence in the WAEMU zone by using variables such are: expenditure, incomes and budgetary balances. In order to reach our goal, we have adopted the methodology used by Barro et Salai-Martin (1992) which methodology is implemented by the European Union through the work of Villien et al. (2003). This methodology is consisted of following in the course of the timing an indicator of variable dispersion which may stand as a typical margin or the variance. The results show a global trend to budgetary variables convergence. And then, we have assessed the different indicators of sigma convergence on the profitable exchange rates differential in the WAEMU zone. The model used has revealed the existence of a mechanism of correcting error between the desired exchange rate observed in the zone.
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Introduction : Quality control of the laboratory has gained increased importance in the present years. 70 % of the errors in the clinical laboratory occur in the pre-analytical phase. With various guidelines to gauge the quality of the laboratory, Six Sigma Metrics remains by far the most difficult benchmark that a laboratory can achieve. We aimed to quantify the performance of the quality indicators of the routine clinical Biochemistry laboratory in the pre-analytical phase in the form of sigma metrics and devise measures and identify steps to decrease the percentage of errors by defining the DMAIC approach. Materials and Methods : One year retrospective data was collected from January, 2020 to December, 2020 from the data entry register and pre-analytical variables were quantified. Defects Per Million and sigma metric were calculated for each pre-analytical indicator. DMAIC approach was applied and post intervention sigma scores for the month of Jananuary, 2021, February, 2021 and March, 2021 were calculated. Results : Postinterventional analysis was done on a month-to-month basis to monitor the trend and also to ensure corrective action can be taken without delay. Out of 5 quality indicators which were quantified, the pre versus post sigma scores (March’21) are as follows: missing location of the patient (Sigma 4 versus 3.6), missing registration number (Sigma 3.7 versus 4.3) and both registration number and location missing (Sigma 3.6 versus 4.0), Homolysed sample (4.2 versus 4.6), insufficient sample volume (sigma 3.9 versus 4.7). Encouraging results in the form of improved Sigma scores were seen in four of the quality indicators except for the fact that the patient location were still missing in the forms and hence warrants continuous monitoring.
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Objective:To explore the feasibility of using the sigma metrics calculated with the data of internal quality control for the comparison of the analytical performance between different biochemical analyzers.Methods:The internal quality control results of twenty-five biochemical assays in the biochemical analyzers of the department of clinical laboratory in Cancer Hospital from February 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021 were collected. The formula sigma =( TEa- Bias)/ CV was used to calculate the sigma metrics of two different levels of the biochemical assays including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, calcium, cholesterol, creatine kinase, chlorine, creatinine, γ- glutamyltranspeptidase, blood glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, sodium, inorganic phosphorus, total bilirubin, triglyceride, total protein, urea, uric acid. The imprecision was obtained by the coefficient of variation of internal quality control. The bias was calculated by the deviation between the mean of internal quality control of the comparison instrument and the target instrument. The allowable total error ( TEa) was based on People's Republic of China Health Industry Standard (WS/T403-2012) or EQA standard of National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL). Compared the sigma values of the comparison instrument relative to the target instrument with the average percentage bias obtained by the traditional comparison method. Quality goal index was used to analyze the causes of poor performance and judge the results of comparison. Results:Compared with the target instrument Beckman AU5800-3, the comparison instrument Beckman AU5800-1 had 10 assays with σ>6, accounting for 40%, 23 assays with σ>3, accounting for 92%, and only albumin and blood glucose showed σ<3. Through statostical analysis, the comparisons of all assays were passed. The comparison instrument Beckman AU5800-2 had 8 assays with σ>6, accounting for 32%, 20 assays with σ>3, accounting for 80%. Only alkaline phosphatase, calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein and urea showed σ<3. Through statostical analysis, the comparisons of GGT and IgM failed. For the traditional comparison method, the percentage bias between the comparison instruments and the target instrument were all within the range of the evaluation standard. But there was no significant correlation between the σ value and the average bias of the traditional comparison method, and the biases were correlated.Conclusions:Using the sigma metrics calculated with the data of internal quality control for the comparison of different detection systems is a convenient and operable method. It can monitor the comparability between different detection systems in the laboratory at any time and be the supplement of the traditional comparison method.
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Objective:Patient risk-based statistical quality control (SQC) program was designed for 9 specific protein projects using Westgard sigma rules with run length.Methods:The cumulative coefficient of variation of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, rheumatoid factor (RF), antistreptolysin O (ASO), transferrin (TRF) and prealbumin (PA) from the laboratory department of Beijing Tongren Hospital between December 2018 to May 2019 were used as the estimated value of imprecision. The mean of the absolute value of the percentage difference of 10 batches in the laboratory, which was derived from the results of participating the external quality assessment (EQA), was used as the estimated value of bias. The National Center for Clinical Laboratories EQA evaluation criteria was used as an allowable total error (TEa), and the sigma value of each project (σ) was calculated. Westgard Sigma rule with run length was used to design appropriate SQC program for each project, including quality control rules, number of control measurements (N) and frequency of quality control.Results:The sigma value was larger than 6 for SQC procedure of IgG, IgA, IgM, C4 and TRF. SQC could be established with the use of 1 3s rule, number of control measurements (N)=2, number of runs (R)=1, and a run length of 1 000 patient samples. Combined with the average daily workload, internal quality control could be conducted once every 10 days for IgG, IgA, IgM and C4, every 50 days for TRF. The σ was 5.86 for C3, SQC program could be established with run length of 450 using 1 3S/2 2S/R 4s rule (N=2, R=1), combined with average daily workload, internal quality control could be conducted every 4.5 days. σ was between 3 and 4 for RF, ASO and PA. With the use of 1 3S/2 2S/R 4s/4 1s/6 X rule (N=6, R=1), SQC program with a run length of 45 and higher frequency internal quality control activities. Conclusion:It is feasible to use Westgard sigma rules with run length for the laboratories design of personalized risk-based SQC procedures, the method is very simple and intuitive. This tool is valued to be recommended to be actively applied by all clinical laboratories.
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【Objective】 To help quality control laboratory of blood station select suitable internal quality control rules using Westgard sigma rules. 【Methods】 The accumulated coefficient of variation of internal quality control was used as the measurement imprecision in quality control laboratory of blood station, and the bias of the results of EQA in 2020 was regarded as Bias. The allowable total error (TEa) of WS/T406-2012 was used as the evaluation index to calculate the σvalue of laboratory blood testing items to select reasonable and feasible quality control rules using the Westgard sigma rule. 【Results】 The average σvalues of total protein in the three national EQAS were 14.2, 8.7 and 9.6, respectively. The average σvalues of fibrinogen in two national EQAS were 3.6 and 4.1. The average σvalues of Plt counts and MCHC were <4 and >3, and those of other items were more than 6 in two national EQAS. 【Conclusion】 The rule of 13s, 13s/22s/R4s/41s/ and 13s/22s/R4s/41s/ should be used in total protein, fibrinogen and whole blood cell count testing, respectively, by Westgard sigma rule, which can effectively help the blood quality control laboratory select appropriate quality control rules.
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As constitutive cofactors of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP), sigma70 and sigma54 areinvolved in the regulation of transcription initiation for different genes in prokaryotic cells, respectively. sigma70 is responsible for the spontaneous transcription initiation of housekeeping genes, while sigma54blocks DNA from entering RNAP by way of steric blockade and inhibits the initiation of gene transcriptionafter forming a complex with RNAP. When the cell environment changes, specific stress signals willinduce conformational changes of sigma54 through the bacterial enhancer binding protein (bEBP), release the inhibition of sigma54 on RNAP, and initiate sigma54-dependent gene transcription. Recentstructural biology studies have revealed the structures of several complexes for sigma54-dependenttranscription initiation, including holoenzyme, closed complex, two intermediate complexes and opencomplex. By analyzing the structure of these transcription initiation complexes, we introduce the structuralchanges of the complex during transcription initiation in this article. The functions of sigma54 and bEBPin the process of transcription initiation are described and analyzed. This article is helpful to understandthe changes of transcription initiation on molecular level, and provides a reference for deep understandingof the molecular mechanism of sigma54 and bEBP in promoting transcription initiation.
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Objective: This study aimed to determine the sigma metrics of analytes when using different total allowable error guidelines.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 19 general chemistry analytes at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital in South Africa between January 2017 and December 2017. Sigma metrics were calculated on two identical analysers, using internal quality control data and total allowable error guidelines from the Ricos biological variation database and three alternative sources (the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, the Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendment, and the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine). Results: The sigma performance was similar on both analysers but varied based on the guideline used, with the Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendment guidelines resulting in the best sigma metrics (53% of analytes on one analyser and 46% on the other had acceptable sigma metrics) and the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia guidelines being the most stringent (21% and 23%). Sodium and chloride performed poorly across all guidelines (sigma < 3). There were also month-to-month variations that may result in acceptable sigma despite poor performance during certain months.Conclusion: The sigma varies greatly depending on the total allowable error, but could be a valuable tool to save time and decrease costs in high-volume laboratories. Sigma metrics calculations need to be standardised
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Quality Control , Pathology , Total Quality Management , Clinical Chemistry Tests , Diagnostic Errors , LaboratoriesABSTRACT
Introducción: La metodología Lean-Six-Sigma es utilizada actualmente en el área de la salud con el objeto de mejorar la calidad y competitividad de los servicios; pero aún no se tienen reportes de su uso en el área de ortodoncia. Objetivo: Determinar la satisfacción posortodoncia por medio de niveles sigma de los pacientes que asisten a una clínica docente-asistencial en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 100 pacientes de ambos sexos, que ya habían concluido el tratamiento de ortodoncia. Se seleccionó toda la población que hubiera finalizado el tratamiento entre julio de 2017 y junio 2018 de acuerdo con criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica de 17 preguntas y siete dimensiones de satisfacción. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se evaluó con la consistencia interna del cuestionario mediante el alpha de Cronbach en el que se obtuvo 0,87, y para la validez se utilizó el método de Lawshe. Se usó la metodología Lean-Six-Sigma para evaluar la calidad de la satisfacción; se presentan los resultados en porcentaje y niveles sigma. Resultados: La calidad en satisfacción en el servicio fue de 91,27 por ciento (medido convencionalmente) y 1,36 sigmas; en el grupo de 16-19 años fue de 93,6 por ciento y 1,52 sigmas; y para el grupo de más de 27 años, 84,9 por ciento y 1,03 sigmas. El sexo femenino reportó un 88,57 por ciento y 1,2 sigmas, mientras que el masculino, 93,46 por ciento y 1,51 sigmas. Conclusiones: Los resultados de satisfacción en ortodoncia, medidos por métodos convencionales, mostraron porcentajes aceptables, pero mostraron resultados incompetentes al medirse con niveles sigma, lo cual indica que existen problemas ocultos por identificar y que corresponderían a una siguiente investigación(AU)
Introduction: The Lean-Six-Sigma methodology is currently used in the health area in order to improve the quality and competitiveness of services; but there are still no reports of its use in the orthodontic area. Objective : to determine the post-orthodontic satisfaction by means of sigma levels of the patients who attend a teaching-assistance clinic in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. Population: 100 patients (female and male) who finish orthodontic treatment. Sample selection method: the entire population that had completed the treatment between July 2017 and June 2018 was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A telephone survey of 17 questions and seven dimensions of satisfaction was carried out. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated with the internal consistency of the questionnaire by means of the Cronbach's alpha in which 0.87 was obtained, and the Lawshe method was used for validity. The Lean-Six-Sigma methodology was used to assess the quality of satisfaction; Results are presented in percentage and sigma levels. Results: The quality of service satisfaction was 91.27 percent (conventionally measured) and 1.36 sigmas; in the group of 16 to 19 years it was 93.6 percent and 1.52 sigmas; and for the group over 27 years old, 84.9 percent and 1.03 sigma. The female sex reported 88.57 percent and 1.2 sigmas, and the male reported 93.46 percent with 1.51 sigmas. Conclusions: The satisfaction results in orthodontics, measured by conventional methods, showed acceptable percentages, but showed incompetent results when measured with sigma levels, which indicates that there are hidden problems to be identified and that they would correspond to a subsequent investigation(AU)
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Humans , Orthodontics/methods , Personal Satisfaction , Quality of Health Care , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Observational Studies as Topic , Research ReportABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of retinal Sigma-1 receptor antagonist N, N-diethyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]ethanaminehydrochloride (NE-100) in the formation of form deprivation myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs.Methods:Eighty-five 21-day-old guinea pigs were selected, and 36 of them were randomly divided into normal control group, occluded 14-day group and occluded 11-day group, with 12 in each group.The right eyes of guinea pigs in the occluded 14-day group were covered with translucent eye shield for consecutive 14 days, and guinea pigs in the occluded 11-day group were treated in the same way for consecutive 11 days plus 3 days without cover, and guinea pigs in the normal control group were not covered.The other 49 guinea pigs were randomly divided into FDM group ( n=10), FDM+ NE-100 6 μg group ( n=12), FDM+ NE-100 60 μg group ( n=10), FDM+ NE-100 600 μg group ( n=9), and FDM+ saline group ( n=8). The right eyes in each group received 100 μl peribulbar injection of NE-100 6 μg, 60 μg and 600 μg or saline once a day according to grouping.Ocular refraction and axial dimensions were measured using eccentric infrared photorefractor and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively.Corneal curvature was measured with keratometer.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of Sigma-1 receptor protein, and retinal dopamine content was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.This study was approved by an Ethics Committee of the Department of Laboratory Animal Science of Central South University (No.2020sydw0084). The use and care of experimental animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals in China. Results:There were statistical significant differences in diopter and axial length among the normal control group, occluded 14-day group and occluded 11-day group ( F=147.81, 160.10; both at P<0.01). Compared with the normal control group, the relative myopia was the deepest and the axial length was the longest in the occluded 14-day group, then the occluded 11-day group, showing significant differences between them (all at P<0.05). In the normal control group, Sigma-1 protein was mainly expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), photoreceptor inner segment and the inner nuclear layer.In the occluded 14-day group, Sigma-1 protein staining was enhanced in RGCs and photoreceptor inner segment.Sigma-1 staining positive cells in the inner nuclear layer were increased significantly and were also seen in the inner and outer plexiform layers, especially in Müller cells, in which the expression levels of Sigma-1 receptor protein were significantly increased.Compared with the occluded 14-day group, the Sigma-1 receptor protein expression levels in the retina of the occluded 11-day group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01). The diopters of guinea pigs in the FDM+ NE-100 6 μg, 60 μg and 600 μg groups were lower than those in the FDM group, and the diopters of FDM+ NE-100 60 μg and 600 μg guinea pigs were lower than those in the FDM+ NE-100 6 μg group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The dopamine content in the retina of the FDM+ NE-100 60 μg group was (0.74±0.09) ng/mg, which was significantly higher than (0.57±0.10) ng/mg in the FDM group, with a significant difference between them ( t=15.18, P<0.01). Conclusions:Sigma-1 receptor antagonist inhibits FDM formation, which may be associated with the elevation of dopamine content in retina.
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The development of quality Chinese medicine is an important way to improve the quality of Chinese medicine, and ensure the safety and effectiveness of Chinese medicine. This article systematically elaborates the definition, classification, standard and mana-gement certification strategy of quality Chinese medicine. We present the quality Chinese medicine which is higher quality than that of eligible Chinese medicine based on quality control standards. Quality Chinese medicine is strictly in accordance with management procedures, likely GAP and GMP et al, during the productive process, which quality indicators is higher than that of the current relevant national quality standards, such as Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP) et al; its limited indicators such as exogenous pollutants and endogenous toxic substances are lower than that of the current relevant national quality standards, likely ChP et al; meanwhile these Chinese herbal medicine, medicinal pieces, patent medicines, and health products and foods with Chinese medicine raw materials are been certificated by quality Chinese medicine. At the same time, this article systematically expounds the five major management systems of quality Chinese medicine, including technical training management for practitioners, productive process management, standard mana-gement, quality inspection and certification management, and product traceability management. And we put forward strategies to improve the supervision and management system, and promote the standardization and development of quality Chinese medicine by improving the technical management system of quality Chinese medicine, strengthening the quality management system and six sigma(6σ) management in the company. These strategies will provide a reliable basis and effective way to improve the quality of Chinese medicine.
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Food , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Quality Control , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
【Objective】 To evaluate the value of Six Sigma quality management method in improving the efficacy of red blood cell transfusion. 【Methods】 The five steps of definition, measurement, analysis, improvement and control in Six Sigma quality management were used to analyze the existing process capability and influencing factors, so as to formulate corresponding optimized measures and control plans for continuous improvement. The transfusion effect of RBCs in hemodynamically stable patients in our hospital from January to November in 2019 were assessed in three phases: January to March(prior to the application of Six Sigma), April to August (tracking the application of Six Sigma), and September to November(determining the effect of Six Sigma). The efficacy and process ability of RBC transfusion in patients with stable hemodynamics before and after the improvement were analyzed and compared. 【Results】 After the improvement, the effective rate of RBC transfusion for hemodynamically stable patients in our hospital increased from 76.9% to 90.5%(P<0.05). The Z value of process capacity increased from 0.408 0 to 1.330 8, with a significant improvement. 【Conclusion】 Application of Six Sigma quality management method can effectively improve the effect of red blood cell transfusion in patients with stable hemodynamics.
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Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a ligand-regulated chaperone protein widely expressed in multiple regions of the nervous system. It mediates intracellular effects of several types of ion channels and G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) by binding them, and regulates intracellular Ca