Transformed Time Series Analysis of First Wave COVID-19: Universal Similarities Found in The Group of Twenty (G20) Countries

As of April 30, 2020, cumulative confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases exceeded 3 million worldwide and 1 million in the US, with an estimated fatality rate of more than 7 percent. Because the occurrence patterns of new confirmed cases and deaths over time are complex and seemingly country-specific, estimating the long-term pandemic spread is challenging. I developed a simple transformation algorithm to investigate the characteristics of the case and death time series per nation and described the universal similarities observed in the transformed time series of 19 nations in the Group of Twenty (G20). A transformation algorithm of the time series data sets was developed with open-source software programs to investigate the universal similarities among the cumulative profiles of confirmed cases and deaths of 19 individual nations in the G20. The algorithm extracted and analyzed statistical information from daily updated COVID-19 pandemic data sets from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Two new parameters for each nation were suggested as factors for time-shifting and time-scaling to define reduced time, which was used to quantify the degree of universal similarities among nations. After the cumulative confirmed case and death profiles of a nation were transformed by using reduced time, most of the 19 nations, with few exceptions, had transformed profiles that closely converged to those of Italy after the onset of cases and deaths. The initial profiles of the cumulative confirmed cases per nation universally showed 3 to 4-week latency periods, during which the total number of cases remained at approximately ten. The latency period of the cumulative number of deaths was approximately half the latency number of cumulative cases, and subsequent uncontrollable increases in human deaths seemed unavoidable because the coronavirus had already widely spread. Immediate governmental actions, including responsive public-health policymaking and enforcement, are observed to be critical to minimize (and possibly stop) further infections and subsequent deaths. In the pandemic spread of infectious viral diseases, such as COVID-19, studied in this work, different nations show dissimilar and seemingly uncorrelated time series profiles of infected cases and deaths. After these statistical phenomena were viewed as identical events occurring at a distinct rate in each country, the reported algorithm of the data transformation using the reduced time revealed a nation-independent, universal profile (especially initial periods of the pandemic spread) from which a nation-specific, predictive estimation could be made and used to assist in immediate public-health policymaking.

La interpretación del sueño y sus similitudes con el juego: una técnica para aplicar en un dispositivo clínico de Françoise Dolto / Les similitudes dans l'interpretation du reve et du jeu: une technique applicable dans un lieu d'accueil enfant-parent / Dream interpretation ant its similarities with the play: a method to apply ina Dolto's maison verte project / A interpretação do sonho e suas semelhanças com a brincadeira: uma técnica para aplicar em um dispositivo clínico de Françoise Dolto

¿Cómo nos puede ayudar el método de la interpretación de los sueños a entender los elementos arcaicos presentes en el juego del niño de 0 a 4 años, en un dispositivo clínico inspirado en la Maison Verte creada por Françoise Dolto? En este artículo describiremos las similitudes entre el sueño y el juego del niño, particularmente con respecto al trabajo del sueño. Propondremos que los mismos mecanismos del sueño están presentes en el juego del niño como parte de un contenido manifiesto. Enseguida propondremos que es posible interpretar el contenido latente del juego trasponiendo el método de la interpretación de los sueños gracias a la información aportada por los padres que acompañen al niño. Para explicar esta técnica, examinaremos el ejemplo de juego de unos niños, tomado de un Lugar de Acogida de Niños y Padres que se adhiere a los principios de la Maison Verte AU

Comment la méthode d'interprétation des rêves peut-elle nous aider à comprendre les éléments archaïques présents dans le jeu des enfants de 0 à 4 ans, dans un dispositif clinique inspiré de la Maison Verte créée par Françoise Dolto? Dans cet article, nousdécrirons les similitudes entre le rêve et le jeu de l'enfant, notamment en ce qui concerne le travail du rêve. Nous proposerons que les mêmes mécanismes oniriques sont présents dans le jeu de l'enfant dans le cadre d'un contenu manifeste. Ensuite, nous proposerons qu'il est possible d'interpréter le contenu latent de ce jeu en transposant la méthode d'interprétation des rêves grâce aux informations fournies par les parents accompagnan l'enfant. Pour expliquercette technique, nous examinerons un exemple de jeu d'enfants, tiré d'un Lieu d'Accueil pour Enfants et Parents qui adhère aux principes de la Maison Verte AU

How can the dream interpretation method help us to understand the archaic elements present in the play of children from 0 to 4 years old, in a clinical device inspired by the Maison Verte project created by Françoise Dolto? In this article we will describethe similarities between the child's dream and play, particularly regarding to dream-work. We will propose that the same dream mechanisms are present in the child's play as part of a manifest content. Then we will propose that it is possible to interpret the latent content of this play by transposing the dream interpretation method thanks to the information provided by the parents. To explain this technique, we will examine an example of children's play, taken from a Dolto's Maison Verte Project AU

Como o método da interpretação dos sonhos pode nos ajudar a compreender os elementos arcaicos presentes nas brincadeiras das crianças de 0 a 4 anos, em um dispositivo clínico inspirado na Maison Verte criada por Françoise Dolto? Neste artigo, descreveremos as semelhanças entre o sonho e a brincadeira da criança, principalmente no que diz respeito ao trabalho onírico. Proporemos que os mesmos mecanismos oníricos estão presentes na brincadeira da criança como parte de um conteúdo manifesto. Imediatamente propomos que é possível interpretar o conteúdo latente desta brincadeira transpondo o método de interpretação dos sonhos graças às informações fornecidas pelos pais. Para explicar est técnica examinaremos um exemplo de brincadeira infantil, retirado de um Local de Acolhimento para Crianças e Pais que segue os princípios da Maison Verte AU

Social support perceived by the older college students compared to the younger ones / Apoio social percebido por estudantes universitários mais velhos comparados aos mais jovens / Apoyo social percibido por estudiantes universitarios mayores en comparación con los más jóvenes

This study was carried out with 326 university students (126 older adults and 200 younger adults) from 13 universities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It aimed to investigate the importance these older and younger students attributed to the social support, identifying the differences and similarities between them. The students completed a questionnaire that included the Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS), using the Exploratory Graph Analysis - EGA method to demonstrate the dimensionality of this scale in these groups. The results showed that promoting social support in the older adults' network could help improve their functional and educational practice and general development. This knowledge emphasizes and consolidates the role of the university in gerontological education. Social support is important for both age groups, with affective and material dimensions predominant in the older adults. (AU)

Este estudo foi realizado com 326 universitários (126 idosos e 200 jovens) em 13 universidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Objetivou compreender a importância que os estudantes universitários mais velhos e mais jovens atribuíam ao apoio social, identificando as diferenças e semelhanças entre eles. Estes participantes preencheram um questionário que incluiu a Escala de Suporte Social (MOS-SSS), usando o método Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) para demonstrar a dimensionalidade dessa escala nesses grupos. Os resultados demonstraram que a promoção do apoio social na rede de idosos pode ajudar a melhorar suas práticas funcionais e educacionais e o desenvolvimento geral. Esse conhecimento enfatiza e consolida o papel da universidade na educação gerontológica. Este estudo demonstrou que o apoio social é importante para as duas faixas etárias, embora as dimensões afetivas e materiais sejam predominantes em relação aos idosos. (AU)

Este estudio se realizó con 326 estudiantes universitarios (126 ancianos y 200 jóvenes) de 13 universidades en el estado de Río de Janeiro. Su objetivo fue comprender la importancia que los estudiantes universitarios mayores y más jóvenes atribuían al apoyo social, identificando las diferencias y similitudes entre ellos. Dichos estudiantes completaron un cuestionario que incluía datos sociodemográficos y la Escala de Apoyo Social (MOS-SSS), utilizando el método Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) para demostrar la dimensionalidad de esta escala en estos grupos. Los resultados evidenciaron que la promoción del apoyo social en la red de ancianos puede ayudar a mejorar sus prácticas funcionales y educativas y su desarrollo general. Este dato enfatiza y consolida el papel de la universidad en la educación gerontológica. El estudio demostró que el apoyo social es importante para ambos grupos de edad, aunque las dimensiones afectivas y materiales son predominantes en los estudiantes mayores. (AU)

Actualización acerca de las semejanzas y diferencias entre el dengue y la COVID-19

La coexistencia de la COVID-19 y el dengue obliga a médicos y demás personal de la salud a conocer sus particularidades para hacer diagnóstico diferencial. Son enfermedades virales que producen fiebre, afectación general, anorexia, cefalea y, a veces, algunos síntomas digestivos tales como vómitos y diarreas. El propósito de este trabajo es actualizar los conocimientos acerca de ambas enfermedades sobre la base de sus semejanzas y diferencias. El nuevo coronavirus produce tos y otros síntomas respiratorios, lo que no es frecuente en el dengue, pero también los puede producir. La anosmia e hipogeusia son características de la primera, pero algunos enfermos de dengue refieren no encontrar el sabor a los alimentos. La indagación epidemiológica es fundamental para el diagnóstico, pero la prueba de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa es imprescindible para su confirmación, aunque otros estudios son de utilidad. Ambas tienen un periodo febril y otro crítico y es el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico la forma grave de la COVID-19 y el choque hipovolémico en el dengue. No tienen una droga antiviral reconocida sino diversos tratamientos dirigidos al huésped principalmente. El dengue no tiene aún una vacuna efectiva como existen para el nuevo coronavirus, entre ellas, las cubanas Soberana 2 y Abdala. La semejanza mayor de ambas enfermedades radica en la necesidad de educar en su conocimiento y manejo al personal sanitario y a toda la población. Evitar el contagio es la mejor prevención en el caso de la COVID-19 y la eliminación de criaderos de mosquitos es imprescindible para evitar las epidemias de dengue.

ABTRACT The coexistence of COVID-19 and dengue forces doctors and other health personnel to know their particularities, in order to make a differential diagnosis. They are viral diseases that produce fever, general affectations, anorexia, headache and sometimes some digestive symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. The purpose of this work is to update the knowledge on both diseases based on their similarities and differences. The new coronavirus causes coughing and other respiratory symptoms, which is not common in dengue, but it can also produce them. Anosmia and hypogeusia are characteristic of the COVID-19, but some dengue sufferers report not finding the taste of food. Epidemiological inquiry is essential for diagnosis, but polymerase chain reaction testing is essential for confirmation, although other studies are useful. Both have a febrile and a critical period and it is the multisystem inflammatory syndrome the severe form of COVID-19, and the hypovolemic shock the severe form of dengue. They do not have a recognized antiviral drug but various treatments aimed to the host mainly. Dengue does not yet have an effective vaccine as they exist for the new coronavirus, among them, the Cuban ones called Soberana 2 and Abdala. The greatest similarity of both diseases lies in the need to educate health personnel and all the population in their knowledge and management. Avoiding contagion is the best prevention in the case of COVID-19 and the elimination of mosquito breeding sites is essential to avoid dengue epidemics.

Snakes in a seasonally dry tropical forest in northeastern Brazil / Serpentes em uma floresta tropical sazonalmente seca no nordeste do Brasil

Abstract: This study aimed to provide information on composition, abundance, and estimated snakes richness in an area of arboreal Caatinga (seasonally dry tropical forest) and analyze patterns of faunistic similarity between assemblages of snakes in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The snakes found within the Fazenda Almas Natural Private Reserve (RPPN Fazenda Almas) were sampled during a 10-year period, with monthly monitoring, employing time constrained search, pitfall traps with drift fences, and donations from local collectors. Twenty-two snake species were recorded, with a predominance of terrestrial species with diurnal-nocturnal activity patterns. The species accumulation curves reached its asymptote, indicating that all possible species in the study area had been recorded. Our results indicated that the snake fauna in the study area is similar to other snake assemblages in localities with Caatinga vegetation in the Sertaneja Depression ("Depressão Sertaneja") drylands, and that those assemblages constitute faunistic units typical of the interior of northeastern Brazil.

Resumo: Este estudo objetivou fornecer informações sobre composição, estimativa de riqueza de espécies e abundância de serpentes em uma área de Caatinga arbórea (floresta tropical sazonalmente seca) e analisar a ocorrência de padrões de similaridade faunística entre as assembleias de serpentes na região semiárida do nordeste do Brasil. A fauna de serpentes da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Fazenda Almas (RPPN Fazenda Almas) foi amostrada durante um período de dez anos de monitoramento mensal, usando busca visual limitada por tempo, armadilhas de queda com cercas direcionadoras e doações por coletores locais. Vinte e duas espécies foram registradas e houve predominância de serpentes terrestres e com padrões de atividade diurna-noturna. A curva de acumulação de espécies atingiu a assíntota indicando que foi possível registrar todas as espécies que ocorrem na área de estudo. Nossos resultados indicaram que a fauna de serpentes na área de estudo é semelhante a outras taxocenoses de serpentes em localidades com vegetação de Caatinga nas terras áridas das "Depressões Sertanejas", e que essas taxocenoses constituem unidades faunísticas típicas do interior do nordeste do Brasil.

Genre comparative analysis of English and Chinese medical research articles: a small corpus-based study / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In the present study, 15 complete RAs were selected respectively from English and Chinese medical journals based on the principles of representativity, reputation, accessibility and timeliness. Moves and steps were determined with reference to Swales and Nwogu's models, and their distribution and frequency were recorded and genre comparative analysis was performed. The results showed that the English and Chinese RAs shared generally the similar generic structure of 11 common moves. However, obvious cultural differences were found in the frequency, sequence and length between the two corpora. The findings of the present study will provide a practical guide for Chinese medical workers to have their papers published in English medical journals.

Genre comparative analysis of English and Chinese medical research articles:a small corpus-based study / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In the present study,15 complete RAs were selected respectively from English and Chinese medical journals based on the principles of representativity,reputation,accessibility and timeliness.Moves and steps were determined with reference to Swales and Nwogu's models,and their distribution and frequency were recorded and genre comparative analysis was performed.The results showed that the English and Chinese RAs shared generally the similar generic structure of 11 common moves.However,obvious cultural differences were found in the frequency,sequence and length between the two corpora.The findings of the present study will provide a practical guide for Chinese medical workers to have their papers published in English medical journals.

Establishment of DNA Fingerprints and Genetic Similarities Analysis of Dendrobium officinale / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This study adopted the 4 pairs of simple sequence repeats(SSR) primers selected by National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica (CACMS) to detect 29 populations of Dendrobium officinale samples from 9 main places of production; 5,7,4 and 3 polymorphism bands were amplified from these 4 pairs of SSR primers. The DNA identities of different populations were constructed by SSR. The 29 D. officinale populations could be divided into 4 classes. The clustering result was related to the places of production. Samples from Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan provinces were classified into one category,while samples from Anhui and Guangxi provinces were classified into another category. Samples from Guangdong Danxia,Zhejiang Yongkang,Zhejiang Leqing and Taining belonged to a category. PopGene (version 1.32) software was applied to calculate the genetic similarity of the 29 D. officinale populations. The similarities was between 0.403 4 and 1.0.Based on the genetic similarity,the genetic consistency included three classes,A,B and C. Samples with a similar geographical location and landform environment have higher genetic similarities,which indicate the same genetic background. This paper provides reference information to study the identification, selection and breeding of good varieties.

Cluster analysis of Dendrobium officinale from different populations through agronomy characterization / 中国中药杂志

Through resources investigation and sample collection,a total number of 392 Dendrobium officinale from 38 different populations,9 provinces were processed for measuring and observing.Fourteen agronomy characterizations like stem height,stem diameter,number of node in stem were selected for further classification.The cluster analysis was performed using Ward and Euclidean method.The results showed that the threshold of genetic distance was 2.77.Thirtyeight populations were divided into 6 groups.The factor analysis showed that,the leaf shape,stem shape,pitch length and leaf color were very important factors for classification.This study establish the foundation for analyzing the genetic relationship of D.officinale from different populations.

A minha experiência na IPA / Mi experiencia en la IPA / My experience at IPA / Mon expérience à IPA

A autora faz uma breve reflexão sobre sua experiência ao longo de dez anos nas instituições psicanalíticas internacionais, fepal e IPA. Acredita que a experiência de trabalhar em um comitê internacional constitui uma oportunidade para identificar e rever criticamente os pressupostos que organizam os próprios alicerces institucionais. Considera parte da tarefa dos membros pensar as instituições e penetrar as suas cesuras internas em suas diversas facetas. Similaridades, diferenças, confrontos e sofrimentos são elementos indispensáveis para a construção do conhecimento e expansão psíquica do indivíduo, do grupo, da instituição e da sociedade. O debate aberto torna as relações institucionais mais transparentes e, portanto, mais confiáveis e sólidas em nossos propósitos de tornar a própria Instituição objeto de pensamento.

The author writes a brief reflection on her ten-year experience of working at international institutions of psychoanalysis fepal and IPA. Having a work experience at an International Committee, she believes, is a great opportunity to identify and critically re-evaluate the conditions on which our own institutional foundations are established. According to this author's opinion, thinking of their institutions and attempting to reach inside their internal breaches, in their several aspects, constitute an important part of the members' duties. Similarities, differences, conflicts, and pain are vital elements to build knowledge and to the psychic expansion of the individual, group, institution, and society. An open debate enables international relations to be more transparent and, therefore, more trustful and solid. It allows us to fulfil our purposes of making our institution turn into an object of thinking.

La autora hace una breve reflexión sobre su experiencia a lo largo de diez años en instituciones psicoanalíticas internacionales, fepal e IPA. Piensa que la experiencia de trabajar en un comité internacional constituye una grande oportunidad para identificar y rever críticamente los presupuestos que organizan nuestros propios cimientos institucionales. Considera que es parte de la tarea de los miembros pensar en sus instituciones y tratar de penetrar sus cesuras internas en sus diversas facetas. Semejanzas, diferencias, confrontaciones y sufrimientos son elementos indispensables para la construcción del conocimiento y expansión psíquica del individuo, del grupo, de la institución y de la sociedad. El debate abierto torna las relaciones institucionales más transparentes y, por lo tanto, más confiables y sólidas en nuestros propósitos de tornar la propia institución objeto de pensamiento.

L'auteur fait une brève réflexion concernant son expérience au cours de dix ans chez des institutions psychanalytiques internationales, fepal et IPA. Elle croit que l'expérience de travailler dans un comité international constitue une grande chance d'identifier et rêver de façon critique les présupposés qui organisent nos propres fondations institutionnelles. Elle considère qu'une part de la tâche des membres est de penser leurs institutions et d'essayer de pénétrer dans les diverses facettes de ses coupures internes. Les similitudes, les différences, les confrontations et les souffrances sont des éléments indispensables à la construction des connaissances et à l'expansion psychiques de l'individu, du groupe, de l'institution et de la société. Le débat ouvert rend les rapports institutionnels plus transparents, donc plus fiables et solides dans nos desseins de rendre l'institution elle-même un objet de la pensée.

Application of Fisher component analysis to study chemical fingerprint feature similarities of Fructus Trichosanthis and its processed products / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To explore whether the basic principle of Fisher component analysis(FCA)can be used in the catego?ry analysis of Fructus Trichosanthis fruit and its processed products. Methods Their fingerprints were established by using HPLC-PDAD,and the standard fingerprints of them were obtained by digitizing with quercetin as the internal reference peak. Then,their chemical fingerprint information was extracted by FCA and classified by quality model,and the classification results were compared with those classified by principal component analysis and standard atlas analysis. Results Fructus Trichosanthis and its processed products can be accurately divided into two categories by FCA. Conclusion FCA can extract the implied chemical information in fin?gerprints,and analyze them accurately.

Application of fisher component analysis to study chemical fingerprint feature similarities of fructus trichosanthis and its processed products / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To explore whether the basic principle of Fisher component analysis(FCA) can be used in the category analysis of Fructus Trichosanthis fruit and its processed products. Methods: Their fingerprints were established by using HPLC-PDAD, and the standard fingerprints of them were obtained by digitizing with quercetin as the internal reference peak. Then, their chemical fingerprint information was extracted by FCA and classified by quality model, and the classification results were compared with those classified by principal component analysis and standard atlas analysis. Results: Fructus Trichosanthis and its processed products can be accurately divided into two categories by FCA. Conclusion: FCA can extract the implied chemical information in fingerprints, and analyze them accurately.

The herpetofauna of Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões, state of Piauí, Brazil, with a regional species list from an ecotonal area of Cerrado and Caatinga / A herpetofauna do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões, Piauí, Brasil, com uma lista regional para uma área ecotonal entre o Cerrado e a Caatinga

Abstract Different physiognomies at Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSCo) were intensively sampled aiming to access the distribution pattern of its herpetofauna. Sixty six species were found in the park (47 reptiles and 19 amphibians); the rarefaction curve for lizards, although not fully stabilized in an asymptote, indicates that the sampling effort was enough to reveal most lizard species occurring in the area; and richness estimators recovered values close to observed. For amphibians, the curve shows a weak tendency to stabilization with richness estimators indicating that additional records could be done. Field work carried out at PNSCo has highlighted an unique herpetofauna: five new species were described and there are three candidates as new species. The regional list including Cerrados's units - Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins (EESGT) and Estação Ecológica de Uruçuí-Una (EEUU) with Caatinga's ones - PNSCo and Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSCa), shows a high herpetofaunal diversity (191 species) to the region. The cluster analysis recovered the Cerrados's units and Caatinga's ones, in separate clusters evidencing a species turnover between domains, despite its geographical proximity. Thus, although there is widespread fauna throughout region shared by the units, each reserve holds its own faunal identity, harboring a singular assemblage of species.

Resumo Diferentes fisionomias foram intensivamente amostradas no Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSCo) com o objetivo de acessar o padrão de distribuição da sua herpetofauna. Sessenta e seis espécies foram encontradas no parque (47 répteis e 19 anfíbios); a curva de rarefação de lagartos, embora não totalmente estabilizada em uma assíntota, indica que o esforço amostral foi suficiente para revelar a maioria das espécies de lagartos que ocorrem na área; e estimadores de riqueza recuperaram valores perto dos observados. Para os anfíbios, a curva mostra uma fraca tendência para a estabilização com estimadores de riqueza indicando que registros adicionais podem ser feitos. O trabalho de campo realizado no PNSCo destacou uma herpetofauna única: cinco novas espécies foram descritas e há três candidatos como novas espécies. A lista regional, incluindo unidades de Cerrado - Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins (EESGT) e Estação Ecológica Uruçuí-Una (EEUU) com aqueles da Caatinga - PNSCo e Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSCa), mostra uma alta diversidade da herpetofauna (191 espécies) para a região. A análise de agrupamento recupera as unidades do Cerrado e as da Caatinga em grupos separados, evidenciando uma substituição de espécies entre os domínios, apesar da sua proximidade geográfica. Assim, embora haja fauna ocorrente em toda a região e compartilhada pelas unidades, cada uma das reservas mantém a sua própria identidade, abrigando um conjunto singular de espécies.

Similarities and Differences between DSM-IV Brief Psychotic Disorder and ICD-10 Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder / 신경정신의학

Time is the most important factor in defining the diagnostic concepts of DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder (BPD) and ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD). Time factor is more complicated in ICD-10 ATPD than in DSM-IV BPD because he first time factor in ICD-10 ATPD concerns the development of symptoms (acute onset within 2 weeks), and the second factor, the duration of an episode, depends on the subtypes of ICD-10 ATPD. For instance, the duration of an episode in acute polymorphic psychotic disorder (APPD) with symptoms of schizophrenia must not exceed I month, while APPD without symptoms of schizophrenia may occur forup to three months. Despite the differences with respect to time factor in DSM-IV BPD and ICD-10 ATPD, it is not necessary to consider them as separate diagnostic entitie because they are identical in almost all of the essential clinical parameters. The strict criterion of episode duration in DSM-IV BPD should therefore be reconsidered. The APPD within ICD-10 ATPD subtypes, which is very similar to both cycloid psychosis and bouffee delirante, has a significant diagnostic concordance with DSM-IV BPD, and can be distinguished more clearly from schizophrenia and bipolar schizoaffective disorder. In contrast, ASPD not only has similarities to schizophrenia but also to bipolar schizoaffective disorder. This means that ASPD could function as a bridge between one end of the psychotic continuum occupied by schizophrenia and the opposite end occupied by major affective disorder. Taking this into consideration, ICD-10 ATPD could be much more homogeneous if APPD was not combined with ASPD. On the other hand, the symptomatologic polymorphism carries the most relevant distinguishing power in differentiating the subtypes of ICD-10 ATPD, so the distinction of APPD with and without symptoms of schizophrenia is not needed.

Holism of human being and universe on TCM / 中华中医药杂志

The interlink,consistency and unity of all things is an important thought in traditional Chinese philosophy.Therefore,holism of human being and universe is the long-dominant thought in China.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)forms its theory based on this holism concept.From the perspect of history and philosophy,the difference between TCM and western medicine was discussed after retracting the influence of the holism of human being and universe on TCM.Holism of human being and universe has a profound impact on TCM,which also contributes to differences between TCM and western medicine.

Similarities of Clinical Manifestations in Sibling Patients with Psychotic Disorder / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: To explore the possibilities of finding a heritable phenotype(s) in patients with psychosis, we examined the similarities of clinical variables between psychotic sibling patients who share the half of genetic information. METHODS: We recruited a group of sibling patients, whose diagnoses were schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder and confirmed the diagnosis using SCID-RV(Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Research Version). Using 30 sets of sibling patients, we examined concordances or similarities of diagnosis, diagnostic subtypes, clinical symptoms, and longitudinal outcomes. RESULTS: There were significant concordances in terms of age of onset, auditory hallucination persisted for more than 7 years, general level of functioning. No significant similarities or concordances were found in diagnosis, diagnostic subtypes, delusion, negative symptom, and thought disorder between sibling patients. CONCLUSION: Above mentioned similarities have the possibilities of genetically determined phenotypes that could be used in the future genetic studies. Concordance of hallucination persisted for more than 7 years, not the presence or absence of auditory hallucination between sibling patients suggests that it is more important to examine longitudinal patterns of symptoms than to merely examine the presence of symptoms at specific cross-sectional time points in terms of genetic studies.

Relationships between Similarities/Differences of Individual Characteristics and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Appraisal / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between rater-ratee similarities/differences in some individual characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) appraisal. Methods: 103 vertical dyads were assessed by Personality Scale for Enterprise Managers and Chinese OCB Scale. Results: There existed significantly positive correlations between similarities in seven demographic indices and other-oriented OCB dimensions; differences in personality traits correlated significantly negatively with some dimensions of OCB appraisal; age difference had non-liner regression relationship with other-oriented OCB dimensions.Conclusion: Similarities/differences of individual characteristics related closely with OCB appraisal.

HPLC fingerprints of Rhizoma anemarrhenae based on 4 kinds of similarities / 中成药

AIM: The method of the double qualitative similarities and the double quantitative similarities was carried out for the evaluation of the chromatographic fingerprints and applied to HPLC fingerprints of Rhizoma anemarrhenae. METHODS: The chromatographic fingerprints were obtained by injecting 5 ?L of the sample solution each time on a CenturySIL C_(18) BDS column(20 cm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with the gradient elution solvent system composed of 1% acetic acid-water and 1% acetic acid-acetonitrile.The column temperature was maintained at(30?0.15) ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 265 nm.The chromatographic fingerprints were evaluated by the normalized similarity S_F and normalizing similarity S′_F and the projecting similarity C% and quautitative similarity P%, changes in characteristics were investigated in the cases of big peaks-free and small peaks-free respectively. RESULTS: 21 co-possessing peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks of Rhizoma anernarrhenae by choosing rutin peak as the reference peak.S_F could clearly reflect the chemical constituent distribution,and C% could reflect the total contents of the sample,but both of them were seriously influenced by the big peaks and could not reflect the missing of small peaks.S′_F and P% were equivalent weight to all fingerprint peaks,and they could reflect sensitively the small peaks drop-out. CONCLUSION: The double qualitative similarities and the double quantitative similarities are composed of S_F,S′_F,C% and P%,so the changes or lacks of both big peaks and small peaks can be punctually simultaneously monitored to be a novel method for evaluating fingerprints.The HPLC fingerprints can be useful in the quality control of Rhizoma anemarrhenae.