Impact of Two Distinct Dental Anesthesia Simulation Models on the Perception of Learning by Students / Impacto de dos distintos modelos de simulación para anestesia dental en la percepción del aprendizaje en estudiantes

ABSTRACT We evaluated an infiltration anesthesia simulation model (IAM) and a conduction anesthesia simulation model (CAM) on the perception of learning by Mexican dental students. Our aim was to compare the perception of learning by dental students trained with two distinct dental anesthesia simulation model (DASM) with dental students who were not trained with a DASM. 3 groups participated in the study: G1 (N=12 students) learned to block the mental nerve (BMN) by participating in a theoretical lecture (stage 1) and a clinical demonstration (stage 2); G2 (N=12 students) learned the BMN by participating in the stage 1, stage 2, and training with the CAM; G3 (N=12 students) learned the BMN by participating in the stage 1, stage 2, and training with the IAM. The groups performed the BMN in a clinical exercise. Working-time of all participants was timed. Perception of learning for all participants was evaluated with a 5-point Likert Scale. The results showed that statistically significant differences were found between score of G1 and score of G2 and score of G3 (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between scores of G2 and scores of G3. G1, G2 and G3 showed an average working-time of 12:42 minutes, 9.75 minutes and 8:03 minutes, respectively (P<0.05). We concluded that the IAM and CAM showed a positive impact on the perception of learning, and the students trained with the IAM showed a shorter working time compared with the students trained with the CAM.

RESUMEN En este estudio se evaluó el impacto de un modelo de simulación de anestesia dental por infiltración (IAM) y de un modelo de simulación de anestesia dental por bloqueo (CAM) en la percepción del aprendizaje en estudiantes mexicanos en estomatología. El objetivo fue comparar la percepción en el aprendizaje de estudiantes que entrenaron empleando dos distintos modelos de simulación de anestesia dental con estudiantes que no recibieron entrenamiento empleando algún modelo de simulación de anestesia dental. Participaron 3 grupos en el estudio: G1 (n=12) aprendieron el bloqueo del nervio mentoniano (BNM) al participar en una clase teórica (sesión 1) y en una demostración clínica (sesión 2); G2 (n=12) aprendieron la técnica de anestesia del BNM al participar en la sesión 1, sesión 2 y entrenando con el CAM; G3 (n=12) aprendieron la técnica del BNM al participar en la sesión 1, sesión 2 y entrenando con el IAM. Los grupos aplicaron la técnica del BNM en un ejercicio clínico. Se midió el tiempo de trabajo de los participantes. La percepción del aprendizaje de los participantes se evaluó con una Escala de Likert de 5 ítems. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores del G2 y del G3 en comparación con el G1. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre los valores del G2 y del G3. El tiempo de trabajo para el G1, G2 y G3 fue respectivamente de: 12:42 minutos, 9.75 minutos y 8:03 minutos, (P<0.05). Se concluyó que el IAM y el CAM mostraron un impacto positivo en la percepción del aprendizaje; los estudiantes entrenados con el IAM mostraron un tiempo de trabajo más corto en comparación con los estudiantes entrenados con el CAM.

Simulation based learning methodology in pharmacology: knowledge and perception among second year medical under-graduate students

Background: Simulation-based learning (SBL) enhances problem-solving, improves skills in health care professionals. Authors assessed its use in teaching and learning pharmacology among medical undergraduates exposed to METIman, human patient simulator.Methods: Medical undergraduate students exposed to SBL for over a year (8 clinical pharmacology related scenarios) were asked to fill a validated questionnaire at the end of the academic year.Results: Of 145 students who underwent SBL, the data of 84 were analysed. The overall satisfaction score with SBL was highly significant in 79 (94%) with a score of 26-35. Participants opined that it increases the depth of experience (91.6%), provides a no risk learning and immediate feedback opportunity (93.4%), a good opportunity to come across rare scenarios (86.2%), enhances decision making, communication, teamwork and skill development (92%); opportunity of repeated learning and enhanced patient safety at hospitals (89.28%), reduces the dependency on patients (72.8%), good opportunity for crisis training (88.0%) were other factors favouring the use of SBL. Preference for an increase in the number of classes allotted to simulation (27.4%) and reducing the duration of class (9.6%) were the major suggestions. It is an excellent method to teach and make it interesting to learn pharmacology (80.0%)Total score varied between 23-35 with a mean盨D of 35�.64. None had a score of 7-15.Conclusions: SBL is an effective teaching and learning methodology with adequate participant satisfaction. It can be of immense utility as a learning tool with better outcome in learning, retention and recall.

Ensino baseado em simulação na formação continuada de médicos: análise das percepções de alunos e professores de um Hospital do Rio de Janeiro / Simulation-based learning in continuing medical education: analysis of student and teacher perceptions of a Hospital in Rio de Janeiro

Nos últimos anos, o ensino baseado em simulação (EBS) tem sido cada vez mais utilizado na educação em saúde e especialmente na educação médica. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as potencialidades e desafios do EBS no contexto de um curso de formação continuada de médicos: Curso em Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar (RCP) Avançado. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de observação de campo, entrevistas com professores e aplicação de questionários aos alunos do curso. Para análise das percepções dos participantes, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados apontaram quatro principais potencialidades e desafios do EBS para a formação médica: articulação entre teoria e prática; o erro como oportunidade de aprendizagem; relação entre mundo virtual e mundo real; fortalecimento do trabalho em equipe. Acredita-se que este trabalho possa contribuir com a discussão acerca da utilização do EBS na educação médica, assim como indicar pontos favoráveis e desafios de sua implementação, revelando a importância de pesquisas que aprofundem as questões pedagógicas envolvidas no percurso de aplicação desta metodologia.

In recent years simulation-based learning (SBL) has been increasingly used in health care training and especially in medical education. This study aimed to investigate the potential and challenges of SBL in the context of a continuing training course for physicians: Advanced Course in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Data was collected through field observations, interviews with teachers and questionnaires to students on the course. The perceptions of the participants were analyzed through thematic content analysis. The results indicated four main possibilities and challenges for SBL medical training: linking theory and practice; learning through trial and error; the relationship between the virtual world and real world; strengthening teamwork. It is believed that this study can make an important contribution to the discussion about the use of SBL in medical education and indicate favorable aspects and challenges of its implementation, thereby revealing the importance of research into the pedagogical issues involved in applying this methodology.

Medical Education in Korea / 医学教育

The medical school system of Korea was patterned after the system used in the United States. Objective structured clinical examination/complete physical examination will be introduced to the national medical board examination in 2009.Medical educators insist on the importance of clinical clerkships and have introduced simulation-based learning in new curricula.We report on whether this new system is working well or not for possible use in the reform of medical education in Japan.

Reform of medical education in Germany / 医学教育

1) We visited 4 universities in Germany, from where medical systems were once introduced to Japan as a model of modern medicine, and investigated the present conditions of medical education.2) The reform of curricula and methods of medical education has been actively performed in Germany, as it has been in Japan.

Clinical skills training in Scotland; simulation-based learning / 医学教育

1) Simulation-based learning is well organized in Universities of Dundee and Glasgow.Medical students use skills centre to brush up their clinical skills frequently.<BR>2) University of Glasgow developed clinical final OSCE using 50 stations.In the United Kingdom, where national board examination is not necessary to be a doctor, OSCE using 50 stations is organized to foster good doctors.