Una aproximación a la satisfacción con la alimentación en familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina / An approach to satisfaction with food-related life in female-headed single parent households

Resumen 1Los hogares monoparentales se ven enfrentados a compatibilizar la generación de ingresos con las tareas de cuidado en el hogar, como la alimentación familiar, la cual se configura como un dominio clave en el bienestar. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este estudio buscó explorar los significados acerca de la satisfacción con la alimentación que tienen madres e hijos de familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina. A partir de un estudio de caso de método mixto, mediante la participación de 47 familias monoparentales de jefatura femenina, tanto madres como hijos adolescentes, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 10 y 17 años de edad, completaron individualmente una tarea de asociación de palabras con "estar satisfecho con mi alimentación" y una tarea de finalización de palabras con "estaría más satisfecho con mi alimentación si...". Los resultados evidenciaron que los significados de la satisfacción con la alimentación son atribuibles a la conceptualización formal del constructo y que no existiría diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las respuestas dadas por madres e hijos, en base a los determinantes de comportamiento en la alimentación. Así se concluyó que las similitudes en los significados, en torno a los determinantes que se identifican con la satisfacción con la alimentación y con los aspectos que podrían aumentarla, permiten constatar la influencia de la familia en las construcciones y significados que forman parte de la identidad individual y cultural de los adolescentes, lo cual se convierte en un insumo necesario para el diseño de prácticas y estrategias que propicien una mayor satisfacción con la alimentación.

Abstract Numerous female-headed single parent households face increased pressure when attempting to balance income generation with household responsibilities, such as family nutrition, which is critical given its greater influence on children's nutrition and diet quality (Hebestreit et al., 2017). This situation is critical in light of the fact that food is positioned as a critical domain of human well-being (Schnettler et al., 2014, 2017; Denegri et al., 2014, 2016). Satisfaction with food-related life is conceptualized as an individual's global cognitive evaluation of his or her diet (Grunert, Dean, Raats, Nielsen, y Lumbers, 2007); its formal definition is connected to other facets of life such as health, family, and social relationships (Grunert et al., 2007). According to the literature, satisfaction with food-related life is defined in terms of three primary determinants of eating behavior: the food consumed, the individual, and the diet's context (Köster, 2009). The purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of female-headed single-parent families and their meanings by examining the importance placed on the family as the first social space in which people construct and shape their social representations in various spheres of daily life (Moscovici, 1984). The overall objective is to investigate the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life for mothers and adolescent children in female-headed single-parent families. The specific objectives are to i) define the semantic entities of food satisfaction in relation to mothers and adolescent children, ii) identify factors that contribute to mothers' and adolescent children's food satisfaction, and iii) compare how mothers and adolescent children perceive their food satisfaction and the factors that contribute to it increasing. To accomplish these goals, a mixed case study research design was used. This entails combining quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to gain a better understanding of the research issues (Cresswell y Plano Clark, 2011). A total of 47 Chilean single-parent families with a female head of household participated in this study. It consists of a fee-paying mother that has at least one adolescent child between the ages of 10 and 17. The data collection method was an interview developed and tested in the Chilean population by Schnettler et al. (2020), based on a projective technique (Mesas y Escribano, 2018), in which mothers and adolescent children individually responded to the first words, terms, or phrases associated with the expression "being satisfied with my food-related life" with the goal of determining the meaning of satisfaction with food-related life. They were then asked to complete the sentence "I would be more satisfied with my food-related life if...". In order to identify factors that could improve their satisfaction with food-related life. The data was textually analyzed by segmenting and coding it. Subsequently, by establishing conceptual relationships, categories and supracategories were generated deductively (Krippendorff, 2004). Following that, the information expressed in the results and plotted in frequency tables is synthesized and interpreted. The Chi-square test was used to compare mothers' and adolescent children's responses (Agresti, 1990). In conclusion, the findings indicate that the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life can be ascribed to the construct's formal conceptualization. Thus, this study provides evidence that the construct is valid. There were also similarities in the meanings of mothers and adolescent children when it came to the determinants associated with food satisfaction, as well as the factors that could increase their satisfaction with food-related life. This finding is critical for establishing the family's influence on the constructs and meanings associated with adolescents' cultural identities.

Infancias y colecho en la Argentina: factores sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y de salud familiar / Bedsharing and childhood: socio-demographic, socio-economic and family health factors / Co-leito na infância: fatores sócio-demográficos, socioeconômicos e de saúde familiar

Resumen (analítico) Se caracteriza el fenómeno del colecho en términos sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y en relación con las vulnerabilidades específicas de los hogares, tales como la violencia intrafamiliar y los consumos nocivos. A través de la Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina y un análisis multivariado cuantitativo, se abordan los siguientes interrogantes: ¿el colecho es una práctica asociada únicamente a los bebés?, ¿resulta más frecuente en contextos de pobreza o se trata de una práctica que atraviesa a diferentes infancias? Se concluye que el colecho no es un fenómeno exclusivo de los y las bebés; que en la adolescencia es más regresivo para las mujeres y que el factor socio-económico remite a un «colecho forzoso¼ que se especifica en interacción con el hacinamiento, la monoparentalidad, los consumos nocivos y la violencia intrafamiliar.

Abstract (analytical) This paper analyses the phenomenon of bed-sharing in terms of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, but also considers specific vulnerabilities like domestic violence and addictions. It is worth examining whether this practice is associated only with babies, or else if vulnerable contexts also have an impact on children's and adolescent's co-sleeping. The information was obtained through Social Debts in Argentina Survey, and this quantitative research concludes that in this country not only early years bed-share, the phenomenon impairs teenage girls more often and that the socio-economic factor plays a decisive role. For this reason, we propose the term "forced-bed-sharing", which refers to when co-sleeping is intensified by variables like overcrowding, single-parent family type, addictions and domestic violence.

Resumo (analítico) O artigo caracteriza o fenómeno do coleito considerando variáveis sócio demográficas e socioeconómicas, mas também vulnerabilidades específicas como a violência doméstica ou vícios. Neste contexto, perguntamo-nos: associa-se só aos bebés? Tem mais frequência em condições de vulnerabilidade? Esta prática tem um impacto ou motivações diferentes em relação ás características das crianças? A informação foi obtida através do Questionário da Dívida Social Argentina, e o desenho de pesquisa quantitativo conclui que não é somente um fenómeno exclusivo da primeira infância, na adolescência é mais frequente em meninas e que o fator socioeconómico é decisivo. Por isso, propomos o termo "coleito forçoso", que refere a quando a regularidade da cama compartilhada se intensifica por variáveis como a superlotação, o tipo de família monoparental, vícios e violência doméstica.

Treinamento de habilidades sociais parentais para mães / Parenting social skills training for mothers

Com as mudanças ocorridas no contexto familiar, abriu-se espaço para o surgimento de novas configurações familiares, bem como a formação de famílias monoparentais. No entanto, as famílias monoparentais, muitas vezes, apresentam desvantagens em relação a sua estrutura, e a menos tempo para conviver com seus filhos. Dessa forma, essa desvantagem pode influenciar negativamente a saúde mental e o bem-estar da mãe, como também no desenvolvimento e no bem-estar de seu filho. Com isso, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar um Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais para mães monoparentais. O estudo contou com a participação de 10 mães. Foi realizado um estudo de intervenção longitudinal com medidas pré e pós intervenção. Foram utilizados o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Educativas ­ Pais (IHSE-Pais) e o Inventário de Práticas Parentais (IPP). Os resultados desse estudo apontaram ganhos para as participantes ao comparar os dois tempos da pesquisa, pré e pós-teste.

With the good family changes, the space was opened for the context of new configurations of family configuration, the space was opened for the context of new configurations of family configuration, single parents. However, as children, sometimes, and less the present the relationship of the relatives time their structure with their children. In this way, it can be your mother's health well-being, as well as your mother's development and well-being. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate a Parental Educational Social Skills Training for single-parent mothers. The study involved the participation of 18 mothers, with 10 percentages for the quasi-experimental group and eight for the comparison group. A longitudinal intervention study was carried out with pre- and post-intervention actions. The Inventory of Educational Social Skills (IHSE-Parents) and the Inventory of Parenting Practices (IPP) were used. The results of this study showed gains for the participants of the quasi-experimental group when comparing the two times of the research, pre and post-test. When sharing with the groups, the quasi-experimental group showed more in relation to the comparison group.

Significado de la experiencia de tatuarse el cuerpo en adultos jóvenes pertenecientes a familias monoparentales / Meaning of the experience of tattooing the body on young adults belonging to single-parent families

Introducción: El propósito del estudio fue analizar los significados que atribuyen un grupo de adultos jóvenes a la experiencia de plasmar inscripciones en su cuerpo. Método: Se implementó el método cualitativo con diseño narrativo. La técnica para recolectar la información es una entrevista libre. Se seleccionaron cuatro participantes (dos mujeres y dos varones) por medio de un muestreo intencional. Las entrevistas se grabaron en audio y se transcribieron literalmente para su posterior análisis. Se realizó una categorización inductiva. El análisis implementado permitió identificar factores individuales y también establecer similitudes y diferencias entre participantes. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidencian que: Este grupo de jóvenes realizan las inscripciones corporales tomando como referencia experiencias vitales y familiares significativas. Conclusión: El tatuaje es una expresión narrativa que determina propiedad sobre el cuerpo y la posibilidad de ser comprendido y validado socialmente. La elección de la parte del cuerpo, diseño y extensión; dependen de la importancia que tiene lo que quieren representar.

Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze the meanings attributed by a group of young adults to the experience of recording inscriptions in their bodies. Method: The qualitative method with narrative design was implemented. The technique to collect the information is a free interview. He selected four participants (two women and two men) through a sample intentional. The interviews were recorded on audio and transcribed literally for later analysis. An inductive categorization was carried out. The analysis implemented allowed identifying individual factors and also establishing similarities and differences among participants. Results: The findings show that: This group of young people perform the corporal inscriptions taking as reference significant life and family experiences. Conclusion: It is concluded that the tattoo is a narrative expression that determines ownership over the body and the possibility of being understood and socially validated. The choice of the body part, design and extension; they depend on the importance of what they want to represent.

Relación entre Problemas de Conducta en Adolescentes y Conflicto Interparental en Familias Intactas y Monoparentales / Relationship between Teen Behavior Problems and Interparental Conflict in Intact and Single-Parent Families / Relação entre Problemas de Comportamento em Adolescentes e Conflito Interparental em Famílias Intactas e Monoparentais

El propósito del estudio fue analizar la influencia del conflicto interparental en la aparición de problemas de conducta en adolescentes de familias intactas y monoparentales. Se utilizó un diseño explicativo que consideró prueba de medias y análisis multivariado de varianza. La muestra estuvo compuesta de 466 adolescentes de 12 a 16 años. Para la medición de las variables se utilizaron las escalas Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict (cpic) y Youth Self Report (YSR). Los resultados confirman la asociación entre conflicto interparental y problemas de conducta en los hijos, y muestran que, cuando hay conflicto en las familias intactas, se produce una mayor frecuencia de conductas externalizantes que en familias monoparentales.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of interparental conflict in the emergence of behavior problems in teenagers of intact and single-parent families. An explicative design using mean difference test and MANOVA was used. The sample was comprised of 466 teens from 12 to 16 years old. The variables were measured using the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict (CPIC) and Youth Self Report (YSR) scales. The results confirmed the association between interparental conflict and behavior problems in their children, and also reveal that, when there is conflict in intact families, a higher frequency of externalizing conduct is produced in these than in single-parent families.

O propósito deste artigo foi analisar a influência do conflito interparental no surgimento de problemas de comportamento em adolescentes de famílias intactas e monoparentais. Utilizou-se um desenho explicativo que considerou prova de médias e análise multivariada de variação. A amostra foi composta por 466 adolescentes de 12 a 16 anos. Para a medição das variáveis, foram utilizadas as escalas Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict (CPIC) e Youth Self Report (YSR). Os resultados confirmam a associação entre conflito interparental e problemas de comportamento nos filhos e mostram que, quando há conflito nas famílias intactas, se produz uma maior frequência de comportamentos externalizantes do que em famílias monoparentais.

Paternidade em famílias pós-divórcio cujo pai detém a guarda unilateral dos filhos / Fatherhood in post-divorce families whose father has unilateral custody over the children / Paternidad en familias pos divorcio cuyo padre detiene la guarda unilateral de los hijos / Paternité au sein de familles où le père divorcé a la garde unilatérale des enfants

Contemporaneamente, motivada por diversos movimentos sociais, a concepção de paternidade vem sofrendo mudanças, redefinindo-se diferentemente da paternidade tradicional, cujo pai detinha o poder e cumpria a responsabilidade pelo sustento familiar, dentre outras atribuições que o distanciavam da família. Hoje, alguns pais vivenciam modelos diferentes do tradicional, exercendo a paternidade com maior participação nas atividades domésticas, nos cuidados e na educação dos filhos e firmando vínculos próximos, afetuosos e amorosos com esses e a esposa. A partir desse novo cenário, delineado na literatura, o objetivo deste estudo é compreender o exercício da paternidade em famílias pós-divórcio cujo pai detém a guarda unilateral dos filhos. Participaram desta pesquisa de cunho qualitativo três pais com idade entre 29 e 44 anos, com a guarda unilateral, durante um período maior do que seis meses, com, pelo menos, um filho entre 6 e 13 anos de idade. Observou-se que os pais investigados exercem a paternidade de maneira diversa da tradicional, ainda que de forma diferenciada entre eles. Relacionam-se com os filhos afetuosamente e ressaltam o valor da proximidade e a satisfação que sentem por exercerem a paternidade dessa maneira. Por conviverem sozinhos com os filhos, acumulam as tarefas domésticas, os cuidados e a educação dos filhos e o lugar de provedor do lar. Em função disso, dividem com as crianças determinadas tarefas, geralmente as domésticas, enquanto, com relação aos custos com saúde, material escolar, vestimentas e eventuais necessidades de cuidados dos filhos, recebem ajuda de alguns componentes da família de origem. Para o sustento familiar, realizam atividades profissionais que possibilitam trabalho em casa e flexibilidade nos horários. Em dois dos casos, houve um distanciamento da mãe em relação à família do pai, porém em outro, a mãe recebia visitas regulares do filho.

The concept of fatherhood contemporaneously motivated by various social movements has been changing, redefining itself differently from traditional fatherhood, whose father held the power and fulfilled the responsibility for family maintenance, among other duties that would distance him from the family. Today, some fathers experience different models from the traditional one, exercising fatherhood with greater participation in domestic activities, in the care and education of children, and establishing close warm and loving bonds to the kids and wife. From this new scenario outlined in the literature, this study aims to understand the fatherhood exercise in post-divorce families, whose father has unilateral custody over the children. In this qualitative research, three fathers have participated, with ages between 29 and 44 years, with unilateral custody for a period longer than six months, and having at least one child between 6 and 13 years of age. It was observed that the fathers investigated exercised fatherhood in a diverse way from the traditional, albeit in a differentiated form between them. They relate to the children affectionately, and emphasize the value of closeness and the satisfaction they feel by exercising parenting this way. By living together alone with the children, the parents build up the housework, the care and education of children, as well as a family provider role. As a result, they share certain tasks with the children, usually the housework, while the costs with health, school supplies, clothing and any possible care needs of children they receive assistance from some family members of origin. For their livelihood, the fathers carry out professional activities that enable them working at home, being able to manage it with flexible schedules. In two of the cases, there was a distancing from the mother towards the father's family, but in another, the mother received regular visits from the child.

En estos tiempos y motivado por distintos movimientos sociales, la concepción de la paternidad sufre cambios, redefiniéndose de manera distinta de la paternidad tradicional cuyo padre detenía el poder y cumplía la responsabilidad del sustento familiar entre otras atribuciones que os alejaba de la familia. Hoy algunos padres vivencian modelos distintos del tradicional ejerciendo la paternidad con más participación de las actividades domésticas, de los cuidados y la educación de los hijos y sosteniendo vínculos próximos, afectuosos y amorosos con ellos y la esposa. A parte de este nuevo escenario delineado en la literatura, el objetivo de este estudio es comprender el ejercicio de la paternidad en familias pos divorcio cuyo padre detiene la guarda unilateral de los hijos. Tres padres participaron de esta investigación de carácter cualitativo con edad entre 29 y 44 años y la guarda unilateral a lo largo de un periodo mayor que 6 meses con por lo menos un hijo entre 6 y 13 años de edad. Se observó que los padres investigados ejercen la paternidad de manera distinta de la tradicional aunque sea de manera diferenciada entre ellos. Se relacionaron con los hijos con afecto y resaltan el valor de la proximidad y la satisfacción que sienten de ejercer la paternidad de esa manera. Por convivir solos con sus hijos, ellos acumulan las tareas domésticas, los cuidados y la educación de los hijos y el lugar de proveedor del hogar. A función de eso, dividen determinadas tareas con los niños, en general las domésticas, mientras que respecto a los costes de salud, de material escolar, de vestimenta y eventuales necesidades de cuidados de los hijos, ellos reciben ayuda de algunos miembros de la familia de origen. Para el sustento familiar ellos realizan actividades profesionales que os permitan trabajar en el hogar y con flexibilidad de horarios. En dos de los casos, hubo un distanciamiento de la madre respecto la familia del padre, sin embargo en otro, la madre recibía visitas regulares del hijo.

Par suite de différents mouvements sociaux, la conception de paternité change et tend actuellement à se différencier de la conception traditionnelle, qui donnait au père le pouvoir et la responsabilité du soutien familial, en plus d'autres attributions qui l'éloignaient de la famille. Aujourd'hui, certains pères vivent ces modèles différemment de ceux traditionnels; ils participent davantage aux activités ménagères, s'occupent des enfants et de leur éducation, en établissant des liens proches, affectueux et amoureux avec eux et avec leur épouse. Partant de ce nouveau scénario mis en avant dans la littérature, la présente étude vise à comprendre l'exercice de la paternité dans des familles où le père divorcé a la garde unilatérale des enfants. Trois pères âgés de 29 à 44 ans ont participé à cette recherche qualitative. Ils sont détenteurs de la garde unilatérale d'au moins un enfant de 6 à 13 ans pendant une période supérieure à six mois. Les résultats montrent que ces pères exercent, diversement, une paternité qui n'est pas basée sur le modèle traditionnel. Ils ont des relations affectueuses avec leurs enfants, insistent sur la valeur du rapprochement et sur la satisfaction de pouvoir exercer leur paternité de cette manière. Parce qu'ils vivent seuls avec leurs enfants, ils accumulent les tâches domestiques, les soins et l'éducation des enfants avec le rôle de soutien financier du foyer. C'est la raison pour laquelle ils divisent avec les enfants certaines activités, généralement ménagères, et sont aidés par des membres de la famille d'origine pour les frais de santé, de matériel scolaire, d'habillement et de soins éventuels. Pour le soutien de la famille, ils ont des activités professionnelles qui privilégient le travail à domicile et les horaires flexibles. Dans deux de ces cas, la mère s'est éloignée de la famille et du père; dans un autre, la mère recevait des visites régulières de son enfant.

Mental Health and Influencing Social Factors of Parents in Single Parent Families Living at an Urban Community / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify mental health of parents in single parent families according to sociodemographic variables and then to identify analyzed sociodemographic factors affecting their mental health. METHODS: The study participants included 291 parents in single parent families registered at Yangcheon-gu. They accomplished a self-report questionnaire, which included sociodemographic characteristics and self-rating scales ; Global Assessment of Recent Stress (GARS), The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D), Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI-Beck), and The Korean Version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-K). First, we identified mental health of parents in single parent families according to sociodemographic variables by independent T test or ANOVA. Second, ANCOVA was used for determination of sociodemographic variables affecting mental health of parents in single parent families after adjusting other significant sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Among sociodemographic variables, structure of family, age, occupation, type of residence, and monthly income had a significant effect on mental health of parents in single parent families. In families with an unmarried mother and unemployed, scores for GARS, CES-D, SSI-Beck, and AUDIT-K were significantly higher, while these scores were significantly lower in subjects whose monthly income was over 3 million won. CONCLUSION: Results of this study demonstrate that parents in single parent families were vulnerable to mental health problems, especially unmarried mothers, families, and unemployed. We should try to provide practical support in order to reduce social burden and provide earlier psychological interventions in order to reduce distress for single parent families.

Monoparentalidade, pobreza e resiliência: entre as crenças dos profissionais e as possibilidades da convivência familiar / Single-parenthood, poverty and resilience: the professional's beliefs and the possibilities of family life

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo comparativo entre as crenças de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre possibilidades de resiliência em famílias monoparentais e de baixa renda e as estratégias de enfrentamento das adversidades que emergem nas histórias de vida destas famílias. Tomou-se como base a noção de resiliência aplicada à Psicologia, que se refere aos processos que explicam a superação de adversidades. Foram entrevistados quatro agentes comunitários de saúde e quatro famílias monoparentais. As estratégias metodológicas foram: entrevistas semi-estruturadas, histórias de vida, entrevista reflexiva e a análise dos dados através da grounded-theory. Os resultados revelaram crenças pessimistas dos agentes comunitários sobre o funcionamento das famílias pobres, em contraposição aos fatores indicativos de resiliência constatados nas histórias de vida destas famílias. Os resultados sinalizam para a necessidade de transformar e adequar as percepções dos agentes sociais acerca de grupos que vivem situação de pobreza.

This article presents a comparative study on the health community agent's beliefs about the possibilities of resilience in low-income single-parent families and the coping strategies of these families in adverse situations that emerge from their life stories. The notion of resilience as applied in Psychology was taken as reference, which refers to the processes that explains how people overcome adversities. Four health agents and four single parent families were interviewed. The methodological strategies to guide the data analysis were: open interviews, life stories, reflexive interviews and grounded-theory. The results showed that the community agents hold pessimist beliefs about the poor families functioning in opposition to the elements that indicate resilience in these families' life stories. The results point to the need of transforming and adjusting the social agent's perceptions on groups who live in poverty.