O skate na ciência: perfil da produção do conhecimento sobre o skate em artigos científicos de periódicos brasileiros (2008-2022) / Skateboarding in science: an overview of skateboarding in research articles in brazilian scientific journals (2008 ­ 2022)

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o perfil da produção do conhecimento sobre skate em artigos científicos em português indexados em periódicos brasileiros. As buscas ocorreram nas bases de dados científicos BASE, BVS, Portal de periódicos CAPES, DOAJ, REDALYC e SciELO. Ao todo foram incluídos 64 artigos científicos e a análise abordou a distribuição de artigos anualmente, os tipos de metodologia, os artigos mais citados, os periódicos científicos com mais publicações sobre o skate, os autores e filiações, e os enfoques temáticos das pesquisas. Observou-se que os estudos sobre skate foram publicados entre 2008 e 2022, com prevalência de pesquisas qualitativas (86%), especialmente as relacionadas com aspectos sociais, culturais e históricos (73%), publicadas em periódicos da área da Educação Física e da Antropologia/Arqueologia, e com autores vinculados predominantemente às instituições das regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil.

The aim of the research was to analyze the profile of the production of knowledge about skateboarding in scientific articles in Portuguese indexed in Brazilian journals. The searches were performed on the BASE, BVS, CAPES, DOAJ, REDALYC and SciELO databases. In total, 64 scientific articles were selected. The analysis addressed the distribution of articles annually, the types of methodology, the most cited articles, the scientific journals with the most publications, the authors and affiliations, and the thematic approaches of the researchers. The skateboarding studies were published between 2008 and 2022, with a prevalence of qualitative research (86%), primarily related to social, cultural and historical aspects (73%). The articles were mostly published in journals in the field of Physical Education and Anthropology/Archaeology and with authors linked to institutions in Brazil's Southeast and South regions of Brazil.

Skatistas na cidade "Morena": uma história do desenvolvimento do skate em Campo Grande ­MS / Skateboarders in the "Brown" city: thehistory of skateboarding development in Campo Grande­MS

Este artigo tem por objetivo elencar e sintetizar os principais eventos que ajudaram a consolidar um campo esportivo ligado à prática do skatismo na cidade de Campo Grande, capital do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. A construção da narrativa se deu por intermédio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com doze pessoas envolvidas com a promoção da prática do skate na cidade, em especial lojistas e demais agentes que impulsionaram o skate em fases distintas de seu desenvolvimento no município. A conclusão ressalta a importância das lojas de skate, em especial da Hot Point, da Toys Skate Shope da Rema Board Shop, as quais romperam com a barreira puramente comercial e investiram no cenário do skate campo-grandense de distintos modos, seja trazendo profissionais para demonstração, criando vídeos de skate, organizando campeonatos ou apoiando e patrocinando talentos locais. O artigo finaliza apontando o aparecimento e fortalecimento do skate feminino, com o grupo Pantaneiras Skate Girlse também destaca o surgimento do primeiro skatista profissional oriundo desta cidade, Pedro Iti.

This article aims to list and summarize the main events that helped to consolidate a sports field linked to the practice of skating in the city of Campo Grande, capital of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The construction of the narrative took place through semi-interviews structured with the main agents involved with the promotion of skateboarding in the city, in particular three shopkeepers who promoted skateboarding at different stages of their development in the municipality. The conclusion points to the importance of three skate shops, the Hot Point, the Toys Skate Shop and the Rema Board Shop, which broke through the purely commercial barrier and invested in the skateboarding scene in different ways, whether bringing professionals for demonstration, creating skateboard videos, organizing championships or sponsoring local talent. The article ends in 2015 when the city revealed its first professional skater, Pedro Iti, to the country.

Estudio etnográfico de jóvenes skater: prácticas corporales y urbanas / Ethnographic study of young skaters: body and urban practices

El presente trabajo corresponde a un estudio etnográfico clásico, que tiene como objetivo explorar el espacio de construcción de los nuevos estilos de vida y prácticas corporales en los jóvenes skaters urbanos de Colima. El estudio se realizó en un parque emblemático: La Piedra Lisa, localizado en la capital del estado de Colima, México. La unidad de observación la integraron 50 jóvenes, entre 12 y 20 años, que practican el skate durante la semana. El método utilizado fue el etnográfico, las técnicas de investigación fueron la observación participante ­durante un mes y medio­ y la entrevista informal; y como instrumento de registro se empleó el diario de campo. En la sistematización de la información y clasificación se usó la Guía de Murdock. El estudio describe aspectos identitarios de los jóvenes skaters, información acerca del desarrollo de habilidades físicas coordinativas, condicionales y de experticia skate, lugares de encuentro y apropiación de espacios públicos, clasificación de los skaters por grupos, el equipamiento utilizado, y la percepción social que se tiene de sí mismos, de la sociedad, la familia y de los amigos.

The present work corresponds to a classic ethnographic study, which aims to explore the construction space of new lifestyles and bodily practices in young urban skaters in Colima. The study was conducted in an emblematic park: La Piedra Lisa, located in the capital of the state of Colima, Mexico. The observation unit was made up of 50 young people between 12 and 20 years old, who skate during the week. The method used was ethnographic, the research techniques were participant observations ­for a month and a half­ and the informal interview, and the field newspaper was used as recording instrument. For the systematization of information and classification, the Murdock Guide was used. The study describes identity aspects of young skaters, information about the development of coordinative, conditional and skateboarding physical skills, meeting places and appropriation of public spaces, classification of skaters by groups, the equipment used, and the social perception that it has of itself, society, family and friends.

Políticas públicas de esporte e lazer na cidade: não só de pista de skate, vive o skatista de Recife-PE / Public policies of sports and leisure in the city: not only of skateparks, lives Recife's skateboarder

Em contextos urbanos, há o aumento de skatistas. Essa realidade remete ao setor público, especialmente municipal, demandas relacionadas às políticas públicas que contribuam para a manutenção e incremento dos espaços coletivos. Este estudo objetivou analisar os espaços públicos disponíveis para prática de skate na cidade de Recife-PE. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, contou com dados de entrevistas com cem skatistas colaboradores. Como resultado é imprescindível a implantação e manutenção de locais adequados, organizados e descentralizados para garantir direitos de acesso aos cidadãos interessados na modalidade skate. A descentralização dos espaços pode assegurar aos usuários a ocupação democrática e participativa.

In urban contexts, there is the growth of skateboarders. This reality refers to the public sector, especially municipal, demands related to public policies that contribute to the maintenance and increase of collective spaces. This study aimed to analyze the public spaces available for skateboarding in the city of Recife-PE. The research, of qualitative and quantitative nature, had data from interviews with 100 skateboardes collaborators. As a result, it is essential to set up and maintain adequate, organized and decentralized locations to guarantee access rights for citizens interested in skateboarding. The decentralization of spaces can assure users of democratic and participatory occupation.

Skatistas "correndo pelo certo": normalização e produção de subjetividades na contemporaneidade / Skateboarders "going for the right": normalization and subjectivity production in contemporaneity / Skaters "corriendo por lo bueno": normalización y producción de subjetividades en la contemporaneidad

Este estudo visou analisar parte dos processos de produção das subjetividades skatistas nas suas relações com determinadas normas sociais em jogo na contemporaneidade, especificamente, através de uma vontade de inclusão de indivíduos e grupos sociais posicionados como anormais. A cartografia social foi usada como referencial teórico-metodológico e o material empírico baseou-se em falas de entrevistas ao rádio e à TV, conversas informais, cartazes de eventos, fotos retiradas de redes sociais no modo público e registros de Diário de Rua. Analisamos vetores de normalização sobre os skatistas articulados a determinadas normas sociais, através de ações e falas moralmente reconhecidas como "do bem", com vistas a atribuir traços de legitimidade e normalidade estratégicos no jogo incessante das relações de poder e da condução de si mesmos(AU)

This study aimed to analyze part of the processes of production of skateboarder's subjectivities in their relations with certain social rules that are in place in contemporaneity, specifically through a wish for inclusion by individuals and social groups positioned as abnormal. Social cartography was used as a theoretical-methodological framework and the empirical material included radio and TV interviews, informal conversations, posters of events, pictures taken from social media sites open to the public and street diary notes. We analyzed vectors of normalization related to skateboarders by connecting them with certain social norms through actions and speeches morally recognized as being "for the good", in order to ascribe traits of legitimacy and normalcy that are strategic to the permanent game of power relations and conduction of oneself(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar parte de los procesos de producción de las subjetividades de los skaters en sus relaciones con determinadas normas sociales establecidas en la época contemporánea, específicamente a través de la voluntad de inclusión de los individuos y grupos sociales tenidos como anormales. La cartografía social fue utilizada como referencial teórico metodológico y el material empírico consistió en entrevistas a la radio y a la televisión, charlas informales, carteles de eventos, fotos retiradas de redes sociales en modo público y registros de Diario de Calle. Analizamos vectores de normalización sobre los skaters que se articulan a determinadas normas sociales, a través de acciones y discursos moralmente reconocidos como "buenos", con vistas a atribuir rasgos de legitimidad y normalidad estratégicos en el juego incesante de las relaciones de poder y de la conducción de sí mismos(AU)

Gosto musical e hexis corporal: a questão do estilo na prática do skate de rua em Ponta Grossa-PR / Musical taste and hexis body: the question of style in the practice of street skateboard in Ponta Grossa-PR / Gusto musical y hexis del cuerpo: la question del estilo en monopatin de calle en Ponta Grossa-PR

Nosso trabalho é uma análise da estética musical incorporada por um grupo de skatistas e sua relação com do estilo de skate desenvolvido pelos praticantes. A hexis corporal na prática do skate de rua, em nosso espaço de investigação, se mostrou associada com o gosto musical do grupo em questão. Deste modo, nosso propósito foi evidenciar essas referências musicais e seu impacto na formação do estilo do skate praticado. Nossa experiência antropológica com os skatistas e o referencial teórico inspirado pela leitura dos trabalhos de Bourdieu sobre estética musical e a hexis corporal foram nossas fontes de pesquisa. Partindo de uma breve história da skatemusic e da exposição dos skatistas sobre a influência do estilo musical no estilo da prática do skate, exploramos o habitus destes enquanto interdependências dos grupos e parte de um charme ou carisma na conformação dos skaters.

Our work is an analysis of the musical aesthetics incorporated by a group of skateboarders and their relationship with skateboard style developed by practitioners. In practice, Body hexis of street skateboarding in our research area, was associated with the musical taste of the group in question. Thus, our purpose was to demonstrate these musical references and their impact on the style skating practiced. Our anthropological experience with the skaters and the theoretical framework inspired by the reading of Bourdieu's work on musical aesthetics and body hexis were our sources of research. Starting with a brief history of skatemusic and exposure of the skaters on the influence of musical style in the practice skate style, we explore the habitus of these interdependencies as groups and part of a charm or charisma in the skaters form.

Nuestro trabajo es un análisis de la estética musical constituidas por un grupo de patinadores y su relación con el estilo del monopatín desarrollado por los profesionales. Héxis cuerpo en la práctica del patinaje de la calle en nuestra área de investigación, se asoció con el gusto musical del grupo en cuestión. Por lo tanto, nuestro propósito era demostrar estas referencias musicales y su impacto en la formación del estilo de skate practicado. Nuestra experiencia antropológica con los patinadores y el marco teórico inspirados en la lectura de la obra de Bourdieu sobre la estética musical y héxis del cuerpo fueran nuestras fuentes de investigación. Comenzando con una breve historia de skatemusic y la exposición de los patinadores sobre la influencia del estilo musical en el estilo de práctica de skate, exploramos el habitus de estas interdependencias como grupos y parte de un encanto o carisma en la formación de los patinadores.

Reproductive biology of Sympterygia bonapartii (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) in San Matías Gulf, Patagonia, Argentina

ABSTRACT This study estimates and analyses the reproductive parameters and cycle of Sympterygia bonapartii in San Matías Gulf, northern Patagonia, Argentina. A total of 827 males and 1,299 females were analysed. Males ranged from 185 to 687 mm of total length (TL) and females from 180 to 742 mm TL. Sexual dimorphism was detected; females were larger, heavier, exhibited heavier livers, wider discs and matured at lager sizes than males. Immature females ranged from 180 to 625 mm TL, maturing females from 408 to 720 mm TL, mature ones from 514 to 742 mm TL and females with egg capsules from 580 to 730 mm TL. Immature males ranged from 185 to 545 mm TL, maturing ones from 410 to 620 mm TL and mature males from 505 to 687 mm TL. Size at which 50% of the skates reached maturity was estimated to be 545 mm TL for males and 594 mm TL for females. According to the reproductive indexes analysed, S. bonapartii exhibited a seasonal reproductive pattern. Mating may occur during winter-early spring and the egg-laying season, during spring and summer.

RESUMEN El presente estudio estima y analiza los parámetros reproductivos y el ciclo reproductivo de Sympterygia bonapartii en el Golfo San Matías, Patagonia norte, Argentina. Se analizaron 827 machos y 1.299 hembras. Los machos midieron entre 185 y 687 mm de largo total (LT) y las hembras entre 180 y 742 mm LT. Se detectó dimorfismo sexual; las hembras fueron más grandes y pesadas que los machos y presentaron anchos de disco, pesos de hígado y tallas de madurez sexual mayores a los de los machos. Las hembras inmaduras midieron entre 180 y 625 mm LT, las hembras en maduración entre 408 y 720 mm LT, las maduras entre 514 y 742 mm LT y las hembras con cápsulas entre 580 y 730 mm LT. Los machos inmaduros midieron entre 185 y 545 mm LT, los machos en maduración entre 410 y 620 mm LT y los maduros entre 505 y 687 mm LT. La talla media de madurez sexual fue estimada en 545 mm LT para los machos y 594 mm LT para las hembras. De acuerdo con los índices reproductivos analizados, S. bonapartii se reproduce estacionalmente. El apareamiento ocurriría durante el invierno y la primavera y la temporada de puesta durante la primavera y el verano.

Three-bladed flap combined with free skin graft for nipple-areola necrosis caused by iatrogenic reasons / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To discuss the reasons of iatrogenic nipple-areola necrosis and to investigate clinical effect of nipple-areola reconstruction by three-bladed flap combined with free skin graft.Methods Between May 2012 and May 2015,13 patients with nipple-areola necrosis caused by iatrogenic reasons were treated with our new method.We designed a skate flap on the new nipple site.After incising skin,three-bladed flap was cross-stitched to form a new nipple.New areola was reconstructed by free skin graft,which was obtained from perineum or contralateral areola,and margin of the donor area was sutured after proper free from surrounding tissues.Being deducted subcutaneous tissue,the full-thickness skin graft was sutured around the nipple just like letter O.After operation,the areola area was pressurized bandaging,and the nipple was drawn by silk at least one month.Results The incisions were all primary healing.Over a mean period of 8 months (range 6-18),all patients were satisfied with the results.No significant asymmetry occured.The average nipple retraction rate was 10.03％.In 13 patients,there was no infection,bleeding or hematoma and skin flap necrosis.Conclusions Nipple-areola necrosis occurs when the blood supply is not protected carefully during a breast plastic surgery.Therefore,we take full advantage of the scar tissue which has hyperpigmentation.Reconstructive nipple-areola complex has good shape,and there is no need to tattoo after operation.

Jovens praticantes de skate e seu cotidiano / Young skateboarders their everyday / Jóvenes praticantes del skate y su vida cotidiana

Nessa pesquisa, focamos os jovens e seu cotidiano, trazendo elementos que discutem o lazer, família, educação e trabalho. Pesquisa realizada com um grupo de jovens skatistas, numa pista pública de skate na cidade de Porto Alegre - RS. Foram ao todo nove meses de observação direta, cada qual relatada em Diários de Campo. Procuramos compreender como o lazer dos jovens que se dava pela prática do skate, se relacionava como outros aspectos de seu cotidiano. Após concluir o trabalho, consideramos que - para se manter na prática do skate - os jovens necessitam conciliar as cobranças de suas famílias, além das rotulações e estereótipos impostas de fora do universo de praticantes desse esporte. Percebemos, ainda, que os jovens passam por tudo isso com o propósito de manter seus "projetos" no skate.

In this research, we focus on young people and their daily lives, bringing elements discussing leisure, family, education and work. Research conducted with a group of young skaters in a public track skating in the city of Porto Alegre - RS. In a total nine months of direct observation, each reported in Field Diaries. We seek to understand how the leisure of young people who gave the practice of skateboarding, was related to other aspects of their daily lives. After completing the work, we consider that - to remain in practice the skateboard - young people needed to reconcile the charges of their families, in addition to labels and stereotypes imposed from "outside" the universe of practitioners of this sport. We noticed also that young people go through all this in order to keep their "projects" on the skateboard.

En esta investigación, nos centramos en los jóvenes y su vida diaria, con lo que los elementos en discusiones sobre ocio, la familia, la educación y el trabajo. Investigaciones llevadas a cabo con un grupo de jóvenes praticantes del skate en una pista de patinaje pública en la ciudad de Porto Alegre - RS. En un total de nueve meses de la observación directa, cada informó en Diarios de Campo. Buscamos entender cómo el ocio de los jóvenes que dieron a la práctica de skate, estaba relacionada con otros aspectos de su vida cotidiana. Después de completar el trabajo, consideramos que - permanezca en la práctica el consejo - los jóvenes necesitan para conciliar los cargos de sus familias, además de etiquetas y estereotipos impuestos desde "fuera" del universo de los practicantes de este deporte. Notamos también que los jóvenes pasar por todo esto con el fin de mantener sus "proyectos" en el skate.

A review of longnose skates Zearaja chilensis and Dipturus trachyderma (Rajiformes: Rajidae) / Una revisión sobre las rayas de hocico largo Zearaja chilensis y Dipturus trachyderma (Rajiformes: Rajidae) / Urna revisão das raías longnose Zearaja chilensis e Dipturus trachyderma (Rajiformes: Rajidae)

Longnose skates may have a high intrinsic vulnerability among fishes due to their large body size, slow growth rates and relatively low fecundity, and their exploitation as fisheries target-species places their populations under considerable pressure. These skates are found circumglobally in subtropical and temperate coastal waters. Although longnose skates have been recorded for over 150 years in South America, the ability to assess the status of these species is still compromised by critical knowledge gaps. Based on a review of 185 publications, a comparative synthesis of the biology and ecology was conducted on two commercially important elasmobranchs in South American waters, the yellownose skate Zearaja chilensis and the roughskin skate Dipturus trachyderma, in order to examine and compare their taxonomy, distribution, fisheries, feeding habitats, reproduction, growth and longevity. There has been a marked increase in the number of published studies for both species since 2000, and especially after 2005, although some research topics remain poorly understood. Considering the external morphological similarities of longnose skates, especially when juvenile, and the potential niche overlap in both, depth and latitude it is recommended that reproductive seasonality, connectivity and population structure be assessed to ensure their long-term sustainability.

Las rayas de nariz larga tienen una alta vulnerabilidad intrínseca entre los peces, debido a su gran tamaño corporal, bajas tasas de crecimiento y relativamente baja fecundidad; por otra parte, el hecho de ser blanco de explotación pesquera coloca a su población bajo una presión considerable. Las rayas de nariz larga se encuentran alrededor del mundo en aguas costeras subtropicales y templadas. Aunque se han registrado a lo largo de 150 años en Suramérica, los críticos vacíos de información que aún persisten comprometen la capacidad de determinar el estatus de estas especies. Con base en una revisión de 185 publicaciones, se realizó una síntesis comparativa de la biología y ecología de dos de las especies de elasmobranquios comerciales de aguas suramericanas: la raya volantín (Zearaja chilensis) y la raya espinosa (Dipturus trachyderma). Se examinaron y compararon su taxonomía, distribución, hábitos alimenticios, reproducción, crecimiento, longevidad y explotación pesquera. El número de estudios publicados sobre ambas especies se ha incrementado considerablemente desde 2000 y especialmente después de 2005, aunque algunos tópicos de investigación permanecen poco entendidos. Considerando la similitud morfológica externa de las rayas de nariz larga, especialmente en sus estadios juveniles, y que su nicho potencial se superpone tanto en profundidad como en latitud, se recomienda determinar su estacionalidad reproductiva, con el fin de asegurar su sostenibilidad en el largo plazo.

Raias longnose podem ter uma elevada vulnerabilidade intrínseca entre os peixes, devido ao seu grande tamanho de corpo, taxas lentas de crescimento e fecundidade relativamente baixa, e sua exploraclo como especies alvo de pesca coloca suas populacóes sob considerável pressao. Sao encontradas ao redor do mundo em águas costeiras subtropicais e temperadas. Embora raias longnose hajam sido registradas por mais de 150 anos na América do Sul, a capacidade de avaliar o status dessas espécies ainda é comprometida por lacunas críticas de conhecimento. Com base em uma revisao de 185 publicacóes, uma síntese comparativa da biologia e ecologia foi realizada uma síntese comparativa da biología e ecología de duas espécies de elasmobranquios comerciais de águas sul-americanas, a raia nariz-amarelo (Zearaja chilensis) e a raia pele-áspera (Dipturus trachyderma); com vistas a analisar e comparar a sua taxonomía, distribuicao, pescas, habitats de alimentacao, reprodujo, crescimento e longevidade. Houve um aumento acentuado no número de estudos publicados para ambas as espécies desde 2000, e especialmente depois de 2005, embora alguns tópicos de investiga^ão permanecam pouco compreendidos. Considerando as similaridades morfológicas externas das raias longnose, especialmente quando jovens, e a potencial sobreposição de nichos ocupados tanto em relaclo a profundidade quanto a latitude, recomenda-se que a sazonalidade reprodutiva, seja avaliada para assegurar a sua sustentabilidade em longo prazo.

Lower limb force, power and performance in skateboarding: an exploratory study / Força, potência e desempenho dos membros inferiores no skate: um estudo exploratório / Fuerza, potencia y rendimiento de las extremidades inferiores en el skate: un estudio exploratorio

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the height reached when performing the Ollie maneuver and the muscle force and power of the lower limbs required by beginner level skateboarders. Ten practitioners of Street category, with at least two years experience and who participate in competitions in Beginner, Amateur II or Amateur I categories were submitted to three tests: (1) maximal voluntary contraction of the knee and hip extensor muscles; (2) vertical jump tests, Counter Movement Jump (CJ) and Squat Jump (SJ); and (3) the maximum height achieved during the Ollie maneuver. The results demonstrate that the variance of the Ollie maneuver (p<0.05) is explained by the power estimated with the CJ (76.3%); and the maximal force of the knee extensor muscle (50.6%). These results suggest that the variable power is strongly associated with the performance of the Ollie maneuver.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a relação entre a altura atingida ao realizar a manobra Ollie e a força e potência muscular dos membros inferiores de skatistas iniciantes. Dez praticantes da modalidade Street, com no mínimo dois anos de experiência e participantes de competições nas categorias Iniciante, Amador II or Amador I foram submetidos a três testes: (1) contração voluntária máxima dos músculos extensores do joelho e quadril; (2) testes de salto vertical, Counter Movement Jump (CJ) e Squat Jump (SJ) e (3) a altura máxima atingida durante a manobra Ollie. Os resultados demonstram que a manobra Ollie (p <0,05) é explicada pela potência estimada com o CJ (76,3%) e pela força máxima dos músculos extensores do joelho (50,6%). Estes resultados sugerem que a variável potência está fortemente associada com a performance da manobra Ollie.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la relación entre la altura alcanzada con la maniobra Ollie y la fuerza y el potencia muscular de las extremidades inferiores de patinadores principiantes. Diez atletas de la modalidad Street con al menos dos años de experiencia y participar en las competiciones en las categorías de principiante, amateur I y amateur II fueron sometidos a tres pruebas: (1) la máxima contracción voluntaria de los músculos extensores de la rodilla y la cadera, (2) las pruebas de salto vertical, Counter Movement Jump (CJ) y Squat Jump (SJ), y (3) la altura máxima durante la maniobra Ollie. Los resultados demuestran que la maniobra Ollie (p <0,05) se explica por la potencia estimada con el CJ (76,3%) y la fuerza máxima de los músculos extensores de la rodilla (50,6%). Estos resultados sugieren que la potencia muscular está fuertemente asociada con el rendimiento de la maniobra de Ollie.

Voga esportiva e artimanhas do corpo / Sportive vogue and body's tricks

Ao longo da história, inumeráveis formas de intervenção sobre os corpos foram sendo colocadas em prática em diferentes dimensões da vida. Elas expressam maneiras de educar os corpos que se constituíram em processos de inclusão ou exclusão de indivíduos e grupos. Dentre essas dimensões, certamente o esporte possui grande relevância. Assim, neste artigo, temos como objetivo analisá-lo como modelo universal de organização das práticas corporais contemporâneas e forma especifica de educação do corpo. Para tanto, tomaremos como eixo de nossa discussão uma das práticas contemporâneas de maior visibilidade entre os jovens brasileiros: o skate, ou, como preferem alguns, o skatismo.

Throughout history, countless forms of intervention on the bodies were put into practice in different aspects of life. They express ways of educating the bodies that formed in processes of inclusion or exclusion of individuals and groups. Among these dimensions, the sport certainly has great relevance. So in this article, we aim to analyze it as a universal model of organization of the contemporary body practices and specific forms of education of the body. For this, we will take as a point of our discussion of the contemporary practices of visibility among young brazilians: skateboarding, or, as some prefer, the skatismo.

A lo largo de la historia, innumerables formas de intervención sobre los cuerpos se pusieron en práctica en diferentes aspectos de la vida. Ellas expresan maneras de educar a los cuerpos que se formaron en los procesos de inclusión o exclusión de individuos y grupos. Entre estas dimensiones, sin duda el deporte tiene una gran relevancia. Es por ello que en este artículo, nuestro objetivo es analizarlo como un modelo universal de organización de las prácticas corporales contemporáneas y formas específicas de la educación del cuerpo. Para ello, tomaremos como punto de nuestra discusión una de las prácticas contemporáneas de más visibilidad entre los jóvenes brasileños: el skate, o, como prefieren algunos, ló skatismo.

Lazer e cidade: em foco a praça do gaúcho em Curitiba / Leisure and city: a focus on the square gaúcho in Curitiba

Esta pesquisa buscou analisar, na perspectiva dos frequentadores, o perfil dos usuários, as formas de usos e a ação das políticas públicas na Praça do Gaúcho localizada na cidade de Curitiba-PR. A análise foi feita com base em questionários respondidos por 53 frequentadores da Praça, aplicação de protocolos de investigação sobre a infraestrutura do espaço e equipamentos, e, por fim, observações. Percebeu-se que a Praça apresenta diferentes formas de uso. A principal é a prática do skate, combinada com outras experiências no âmbito do lazer. Além disso, a falta de policiamento, a iluminação deficitária e o sentimento de insegurança são fatores interrelacionados e, segundo os usuários questionados, estão vinculados à falta de políticas públicas mais atuantes. Conclui-se também que por meio dos usos combinados a Praça do Gaúcho apresenta-se como um espaço público que se transforma em um lugar dotado de significado, fortalecendo os laços sociais.

This research sought to examine the perspective of the regulars, the profile of users, forms of action and uses of public policy in "Gaúcho" Square in the city of Curitiba-PR. The analysis was based on questionnaires answered by 53 patrons of the Plaza, implementation of research protocols on the infrastructure space and equipment, and finally observations. It was felt that the square has different ways of use. The key is the practice of skateboarding, combined with other experiences within the leisure. Moreover, the lack of policing, lighting and deficient sense of insecurity factors are interrelated and, according to users questioned, are linked to lack of public policies more active. We also conclude that through the combined use of Gaucho Square presents itself as a public space that becomes a place endowed with meaning, strengthening social ties.

Long-term Result of Nipple Reconstruction Using Skate Flap after Breast Reconstruction

PURPOSE: A number of flap for nipple reconstruction have been well described in the literature. However, most of these techniques do not permit the reconstruction of a projecting nipple and all are hampered to some extent by long-term loss of nipple projection. The objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term result and clinical efficacy of nipple reconstruction using skate flap technique after breast reconstruction. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was carried out on 23 patients who underwent 25 nipple reconstructions. In those patients with greater than 10 mm nipple projection, reconstruction with skate flap and full-thickness skin graft and/or tattooing was performed. Maintenance of nipple projection was then carefully assessed over one-year follow-up. The following factors were analyzed: type of breast reconstruction, type of areola reconstruction, follow-up period, decrease in nipple projection, complication, and whether secondary nipple reconstruction was necessary and/or performed. RESULTS: Breast reconstructions were performed in 17 patients with free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap, 3 patients with extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap, and 3 patients with expander and implant. The mean follow-up after nipple reconstruction was 17 months. Mean loss of projection were 17.0 +/- 13.99%, 25.0 +/- 12.70%, 30.0 +/- 12.57% and 30.8 +/- 12.49% at 3, 6, 9 months and over one year, respectively. The greatest decrease in projection was noted in the first 3 months following surgery. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that nipple reconstruction with skate flap showed about 70 percent of the projection achieved over one year postoperation. Therefore, the skate flap may be a reliable method of nipple reconstruction in those patients with greater than 10 mm nipple projection.

Pattern of In-line Skate Injury and The Effect of Protective Gear in School Children / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: Despite the rapid increase in the number of in-line skaters, there are few epidemiological studies reported on in-line skate injuries in Korea. This study investigated the pattern of in-line skate injuries in a population of school children, with a particular attention being paid to the effect of protective gear in its prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was given to all school children from 8 elementary schools in an urban area. A total of 13, 482 children and/or their parents were enrolled in this study. The number of in-line skaters, the habit of wearing protective gear, the history of any injury including fractures, and the pattern and etiology of fractures in these children were examined during 2003. RESULTS: Of the responders, 84.6% enjoyed in-line skating. The yearly incidence of in-line skate injuries in 2003 was 39.0% with 1.3% involving fracture.Only 17.0% of in-line skaters wore protective gear, which decreased the incidence of fracture by 72.7%. As they grow older, fewer children were wearing protective gears with a corresponding increase in the incidence of fractures. CONCLUSION: In-line skate injuries are a significant health problem in school children. The use of the protective gear should be encouraged, particularly in older age group.

Clinical study of Roller Skate Injury / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Roller skating is a sort of sports with high risk which is increaseed in trends. It has become a very popular recreational sports in children, and concomitantly injury caused by it is very variable and sometimes servere. Therefore, adequate preventive garments or additional support for roller skating is essentially recommended to be worn. Authors in this study clinically analysed 24 cases of roller skate injury who were treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Kang-Nam St. Mary's hospital, Catholic Medical College and Center, during the 6 months period from May to October 1980. 1. Of 24 patients, 18(10 fractures) had injuries in the upper extremity, and 8(4 fractures) in lower extremity. 2. No unique mechanism was found which reasonably explains various types of injuries encountered In roller skating. 3. Through this study it is said that roller skating is not a benign sports, and the Injury caused by it may be largely preventable with adequate practical Instructions, coaching and wearing protective garments.