ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the presence of axial skeletal deviations in children and adolescents and to relate them to body mass index (BMI), age and sex. Methods: 101 patients aged 7 to 17 years old were included in this study; exclusion criteria were primary orthopedic diseases and syndromes or treatments that affect growth. Patients were grouped according to their BMI Z-score: eutrophic (n=29), overweight (n=18) and obese (n=54). They underwent static clinical inspection was made by simetrographic technique. Intermaleolar distance was obtained, Adam's forward bend and tiptoe tests were performed. Results: When comparing obese and eutrophic patients, changes in the cervical spine (p<0.01), spine (p<0.001), hip (p<0.01) and shoulders (p<0.001) were present in more than half of the obese patients (62.5%, 62.2%, 79.9% and 55.4%, respectively). Changes in the knees were more frequent among obese (p<0.001) when compared to eutrophic patients. There was no variation regarding age or sex (p>0.05). Conclusions: being overweight influences skeletal deviations in children and adolescents.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de desvios do esqueleto axial em crianças e adolescentes e relacioná-los com índice de massa corpórea, idade e sexo. Métodos: Fizeram parte deste estudo 101 pacientes de sete a 17 anos, os quais não possuíam doenças ortopédicas primárias, síndromes ou tratamentos que afetassem o crescimento. Os pacientes foram agrupados conforme os escores Z do índice de massa corpórea em: eutróficos (n=29), com sobrepeso (n=18) e obesos (n=54). Foram avaliados por meio da inspeção clínica estática, com simetrógrafo de parede, medida da distância intermaleolar, manobra de Adams e teste da ponta dos pés. Resultados: Quando comparados os pacientes obesos com os eutróficos, alterações de coluna cervical (p<0,01), coluna (p<0,001), quadril (p<0,01) e ombros (p<0,001) ocorreram em mais da metade dos obesos (62,5, 62,2, 79,9 e 55,4%, respectivamente). Alterações nos joelhos foram mais frequentes entre os obesos (p<0,001) quando comparados aos eutróficos. Não houve variação com a idade ou o sexo (p>0,05). Conclusões: Conclui-se que o excesso de peso exerce influência sobre desvios do esqueleto em crianças e adolescentes.
ABSTRACT
Twin Block appliances are largely used for the correction of skeletal class II malocclusions due to mandibular retrognathism. Due to its patient comfort and ease, this appliance became the major tool for class II skeletal correction. Literature review on this appliance shows mixed responses, some claiming that the results are good and stable while others just put this as an appliance giving temporal acceleration in growth. Hence a study was designed to investigate the stability attained in antero posterior skeletal correction attained with Twin Block appliance. 30 subjects who were treated for mandibular retrognathism were identified. Average age group was 12.9[T1], 14.8 [T2] and 16.5 years [T3]. Pre-treatment, post treatment and a minimum of one year post treatment cephalograms were collected and analyzed. Results obtained from the present study showed that the treatment outcomes that were achieved immediately after twin block therapy was stable and that twin block appliance could be recommended in patients with sufficient growth with mandibular retrognathism.