ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the frequency and factors associated to incontinence associated dermatitis in elderly people. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 202 elderly patients admitted to a university hospital between September 2017 and January 2018. Data collection included: cognitive screening, sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire. It was performed exploratory and descriptive analysis, where prevalence and ratios (PR) were calculated. Results: Prevalence of injury was 9.4%, age range 70-79 years (13.5%), African American (21.4%), hospitalization period ≥ 21 days (44.4%), in use of nasogastric tube (33.3%), medical device (11.3%), restricted mobility (18.5%). It was associated with hospitalization period, use of nasogastric tube, restricted mobility, medical devices, and cognition. Conclusion: It was confirmed an average frequency of incontinence associated dermatitis in elderly patients and association to factors such as hospitalization period, immobility, cognition, use of nasogastric tube and devices. It must be highlighted the importance of prevention measures, early detection, assessment and monitoring of this type of injury.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores relacionados a la dermatitis relacionada a la incontinencia en ancianos. Métodos: Estudio transversal, con 202 ancianos internados en un hospital universitario, entre septiembre de 2017 a enero de 2018. La recogida de datos contempló: rastreo cognitivo, cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico. Se realizó análisis exploratorio y descriptivo, siendo calculadas las prevalencias y razones de prevalencia (RP). Resultados: Prevalencia de la lesión ha sido de 9,4%, franja etaria 70-79 años (13,5%), raza negra (21,4%), tiempo de internación de ≥ 21 días (44,4%), en uso de sonda nasoenteral (33,3%), dispositivo médico (11,3%), movilidad restricta (18,5%). Se presentó relacionada con el tiempo de internación, sonda nasoenteral, movilidad restricta, dispositivos médicos y cognición. Conclusión: Se verificó la media prevalencia de dermatitis relacionada a la incontinencia en ancianos internados y relación a los factores: tiempo de internación, inmovilidad, cognición, uso de sonda nasoenteral y dispositivos. Se destaca la importancia de acciones de prevención, identificación precoz, evaluación y monitoreo de ese tipo de lesión.
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à dermatite associada à incontinência em idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 202 idosos internados em um hospital universitário, entre setembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. A coleta de dados contemplou: rastreio cognitivo, questionário sociodemográfico e clínico. Realizou-se análise exploratória e descritiva, sendo calculadas as prevalências e razões de prevalência (RP). Resultados: Prevalência da lesão foi de 9,4%, faixa etária 70-79 anos (13,5%), raça negra (21,4%), tempo de internação de ≥ 21 dias (44,4%), em uso de sonda nasoenteral (33,3%), dispositivo médico (11,3%), mobilidade restrita (18,5%). Apresentou-se associada com o tempo de internação, sonda nasoenteral, mobilidade restrita, dispositivos médicos e cognição. Conclusão: Verificou-se a média prevalência de dermatite associada à incontinência em idosos internados e associação aos fatores: tempo de internação, imobilidade, cognição, uso de sonda nasoenteral e dispositivos. Destaca-se a importância de ações de prevenção, identificação precoce, avaliação e monitoramento desse tipo de lesão.
ABSTRACT
Chlorella vulgaris, a unicellular microalgae, produces many intracellular phytochemicals namely carotenoids, tocopherols, ubiquinone and protein. Skin ageing which is induced by oxidative stress involves decreased extracellular matrix synthesis and increased expression of enzymes that degrade the collagenous matrix. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of C. vulgaris on the expression of genes encoded for collagen (COL) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which are involved in skin ageing. Human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) were obtained from circumcision foreskin of 8-12 year-old boys. HDFs were cultured into 3 groups: untreated control cells, cells with stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS; cells were induced with H2O2 at passage 6 for 2 weeks) and SIPS treated with C. vulgaris (prolonged C. vulgaris treatment started at passage 4 and combined treatment with H2O2 at passage 6 for 2 weeks). Senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA ß-gal) was determined using senescent cells histochemical staining kit (Sigma, USA). Expression of COLI, COLIII, COLIV, MMPI, MMPII and MMPIII genes was quantitatively analysed with real-time RT-PCR method (iScript™ One Step real-time PCR with SYBR® Green; Biorad). HDFs treated with H2O2 (SIPS) exhibited senescent morphological features of flattening and enlarged with increased expression of SA ß-gal (p<0.05). Gene expression analysis showed COLI was downregulated in SIPS and SIPS treated with C. vulgaris (p<0.05) while COLIII decreased in SIPS and increased in SIPS treated with C. vulgaris (p<0.05). Expression of MMPI was increased in SIPS and SIPS treated with C. vulgaris (p<0.05) indicating its synergistic effect with H2O2 treatment. In conclusion, in skin ageing, COLI and COLIII genes were downregulated while MMPI was upregulated. C. vulgaris modulated the expression of COL and MMP genes by downregulating COLI and upregulating COLIII and MMPI but it did not exert anti-ageing effect.
ABSTRACT
Background: In the present scenario, wrinkle formation, prominent sign of skin ageing, is one of the most demanding areas of research. This burgeoning research demand to reduce, delay and restore the effects of skin ageing has led to the study of various signaling pathways leading to wrinkle formation. Wrinkles appear on skin due to influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on mitogenic reactions and signal transduction pathways. Aim: The aim of the present study is to analyze each protein involved in the signaling pathway leading to dilapidation of collagen and an attempt has been made to compare different signal transduction pathways to identify a common target for skin ageing. Methods: In the present work, bioinformatics tools have been used to extract information from already existing experimental data. The statistical techniques are used for further analysis and make useful predictions for skin ageing. Results: Stressors like UV irradiation, osmotic stress and heat shock have been reported to activate epidermal growth factor receptor, interleukin 1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor and platelet activation factor receptor signaling pathways, which lead to the production of matrix metalloproteinases, collagen degradation and, consequently, wrinkle formation. When all the five signaling pathways were modeled, the c-jun part of the AP-1 transcription factor was found to be a common intermediate protein involved in all the signaling cascades. Moreover, it shows differential expression in the skin on response to stressors. Conclusion: We proposed c-jun to be the most potent target for drug designing against wrinkle formation.