Body fat indices for identifying risk of hypertension in Indian children

Background: Studies in India shown high body fat indices were strongly associated with hypertension in Indian children, but such studies mostly not done in southern states of India. So, authors include children in Tamilnadu measure body fat indices and blood pressure to find which body fat index correlates closely with hypertension.Methods: Standing height was measured using stadiometer. Weight was measured using electronic scale. WC measured in standing position, by a stretch resistant.' WC above 90th centile will be considered as Adipose. Waist to height ratio optimal cut-off value is 0.44 for children. TSFT recorded using Harpenden caliper, on the non-dominant upper arm. Wrist circumference measured using stretch resistant tape.Results: In this study 2000 children were participated. More hypertensives are seen in 10 to 12 years(62) and 16 to 18 years(31).Increased weight correlated with hypertension. Study indicates waist circumference is significantly correlated with systolic BP p<0.003, diastolic BP p<0.000. This study shows significant correlation p<0.003 for systolic and p<0.000 for diastolic BP with triceps skin fold thickness estimation. In multivariate analysis with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure shows very strong correlation with waist circumference, waist to height ratio and triceps skin fold thickness.Conclusions: In this study we investigate the correlation between body fat indices and blood pressure correlation was statistically analyzed which shows that waist circumference, waist to height ratio and triceps skin fold thickness were strongly correlated with systolic and diastolic BP.

Clinical value of asymmetric skin folds for screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infant / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical significance of asymmetric skin folds in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infant.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 3 266 infants aged up to 6 months who were evaluated because of suspicious findings for DDH, hospitalized at Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 2012 and April 2019 were reviewed retrospectively, including 1 185 boys and 2 081 girls, with a mean age of 2.8 months (ranging from 1 d to 6 months). The referred reasons included regular screening for DDH without suspicious findings [379 cases(11.6%)], clunk of the hip[59 cases(1.8%)], limb-length discrepancy[188 cases (5.8%)], limitation of hip motion or asymmetrical range of motion[58 cases(1.8%)], asymmetric skin folds[2 107 cases(64.5%)], and combined conditions of musculoskeletal disorder[475 cases(14.5%)]. The Graf′s ultrasound method was used to define the hip conditions.A type Ⅰ or Ⅱa hip was graded as normal, and a type Ⅱb or more serious was graded as DDH.The percentages of DDH for various reasons were compared.@*Results@#Among 3 266 patients (6 532 hips), a total of 194 infants(230 hips)were diagnosed as DDH, and the total diagnostic rate was 5.94%, including 31 males and 163 females; there were 109 cases involving in the left, 49 cases in the right, and 36 cases in the bilateral.The DDH diagnosed rate for regular screening was 8.71%(33/379 cases), 6.78%(4/59 cases) for clunk of the hip, 10.34%(6/58 cases) for limitation of hip motion, 14.36%(27/188 cases)for limb-length discrepancy, 4.79%(101/2 107 cases) for asymmetric skin folds, 4.84%(23/475 cases) for combined conditions of musculoskeletal disorder, and the DDH diagnosed rate for asymmetric skin folds was the lowest(χ2=37.14, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Although asymmetric skin folds is the most common reason for DDH screening in infant up to 6 months, its clinical significance is limited, asymmetric skin folds should not be considered as an independent indication for DDH screening.

Morphological examination of young adults related to obesity / Examen morfológico de adultos jóvenes relacionado con la obesidad

SUMMARY: This study presents a cross-board comparison of the morphological characteristic of students of the Hungarian Language teacher training faculty in Subotica, Serbia based on their nutritional status estimate of their nourishment state. The sample was composed by 146 young adults from all four study years of the faculty, ranging from age 19 to 23. The following anthropometric measurements were carried out: body weight, height, skin fold thickness (skin folds measured at the scapula, triceps, biceps, ilium, hip, thigh and abdomen) and circumferences (waist, hip). The authors calculated and analyzed the data, including: the BMI (body mass index) with the formula, skin fold thickness and with 4-Site Skin fold Equation and waist hip ratio. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the morphological characteristics. Independent T-test and ANOVA analysis was performed to compare the students according to sex and age. The main results of the present study are: (1) no significant difference is found between the age groups in the case of either height or body weight, not for the young men or the young women in the study; (2) the differences between height and weight in the case of the male and female as characteristic for this age group can be observed; (3) the female students are more often found to be overweight or obese than the male students; (4) the majority of participant students can be classified into the normal nutritional status' category, which holds true for both the young men and women of the study; (5) the fat percentages calculated based on skin fold values show that in terms of weight, the majority of the female students fall under the 'acceptable' category, while the majority of the young men are classed as 'thin'; (6) in the case of abdominal overweight 20.0 % of men and 19.48 % of women belong to the category 'obese'. This information about the students of the teacher training program is vital, as these young men and women will play an important role as future teachers and thereby, as role models helping to prevent childhood obesity and guiding children throughout their education towards a healthy life style.

RESUMEN: Este estudio presenta una comparación transversal de la característica morfológica de estudiantes de lengua húngara pertenecientes a la Facultad de Formación de Docentes en Subotica, Serbia, en función de su estado nutricional estimado con el estado de alimentación. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 146 adultos jóvenes, cursando los cuatro años en la Facultad, con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y los 23 años. Se realizaron las siguientes mediciones antropométricas: peso corporal, altura, grosor de la piel (pliegues cutáneos medidos en la escápula, tríceps, bíceps, ilion, cadera, muslo y abdomen) y circunferencias (cintura, cadera). Los autores calcularon y analizaron los datos, incluidos: el IMC (índice de masa corporal) con la fórmula, el grosor del pliegue cutáneo y con la ecuación del pliegue cutáneo de 4 sitios y la relación cintura-cadera. La estadística descriptiva se usó para describir las características morfológicas. Se realizaron análisis independientes de T-test y ANOVA para comparar los estudiantes de acuerdo al sexo y la edad. Los principales resultados del presente estudio son: (1) no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de edad en el caso de la altura o el peso corporal, para los hombres jóvenes o las mujeres jóvenes; (2) se pudieron observar diferencias entre la altura y el peso en el caso del hombre y la mujer como características para este grupo etario; (3) las estudiantes, tienen con mayor frecuencia sobrepeso u obesidad, en relación a los estudiantes varones; (4) la mayoría de los estudiantes participantes pueden clasificarse en la categoría de un estado nutricional normal, lo cual es válido tanto para los hombres como para las mujeres jóvenes del estudio; (5) los porcentajes de grasa calculados basados en los valores del pliegue de la piel muestran que, en términos de peso, la mayoría de las alumnas se clasifican en la categoría "aceptable", mientras que la mayoría de los hombres jóvenes se clasifican como "delgados"; (6) en el caso del sobrepeso abdominal, el 20,0 % de los hombres y el 19,48 % de las mujeres pertenecen a la categoría 'obeso'. Esta información de los alumnos de la Facultad es vital, ya que estos jóvenes desempeñarán un papel importante como futuros docentes y como un modelo de conducta, ayudando de esta forma, a evitar la obesidad infantil y guiando a los niños a lo largo de su educación hacia un estilo de vida saludable.

Technical Feasibility and Cosmetic Superiority of Far Lateral Approach Using Natural Skin Fold of Lateral Neck for Thyroidectomy / 대한내분비외과학회지

PURPOSE: Surgery for thyroid disease requires skin incisions that can result in postsurgical problems. Therefore, several approaches in thyroid surgery have been developed to avoid large scars on the anterior neck. Since the first report of endoscopic subtotal parathyroidectomy, various endoscopic approaches have been reported. However, to be able to perform these procedures using endoscopic instruments in a skillful manner, sufficient training time and effort is required. We assessed the feasibility and cosmetic benefit of the far lateral neck approach using natural skin fold thyroidectomy. METHODS: From July 2011 to February 2014, 123 patients underwent thyroidectomy via far lateral neck approach by one surgeon. An approximately 5 to 6 cm incision was created on the natural skin fold at the far lateral neck, so that the scar can be completely hidden by a V-shaped collar shirt. Thyroidectomy was performed using a Harmonic scalpel(R) and conventional tie technique. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 89.6+/-18.4 min for benign tumors and 79.1+/-30.1 min for malignant tumors. The number of retrieved lymph nodes (mean) was 5.4+/-3.5 in the central neck compartment dissection group, and 26.9+/-13.1 in the lateral neck lymph node dissection group. The 3, 6, and 12 month cosmetic satisfaction score (mean) after the operation was 7.47, 7.68, and 8.81. There were no hypertrophic scars or keloid on the neck. CONCLUSION: Far lateral approach using natural skin fold for thyroidectomy is safe and patients expressed high cosmetic satisfaction. In addition, the technique is suitable for inexperienced surgeons in endoscopic thyroidectomy. It can be a feasible alternative to conventional or endoscopic thyroidectomy.

Comparison of VO2max in obese and non-obese young Indian population.

Incidence of obesity in early life is increasing nowadays because of faulty food habits and lack of exercise. This study was aimed to find out whether obesity affects cardiorespiratory efficiency of young adults. As VO2max is the most accepted indicator of cardiorespiratory efficiency it was compared in 30 obese and 30 non-obese subjects aged around 18-20 years. VO2max was estimated by Queen’s college step test. Various other parameters measured and calculated are weight, height, BMI, skin fold thickness, percentage body fat, lean body mass, fat mass. The results showed that cardiorespiratory efficiency (absolute VO2max & VO2max/kg lean body mass) was not affected (P>0.05) in obese group in both sexes. Ability to do exhausting work (VO2max/kg body weight) was less in obese group (P=0.001) compared to non-obese group & in obese males (P<0.01) as compared to non-obese males. Percentage body fat (r = –0.416), triceps skin fold thickness (r = –0.427) and calf skin fold thickness (r = –0.381) strongly correlate to VO2max/kg body weight. Therefore the exercise programs can be best designed to increase caloric expenditure and thus to decrease body fat rather than to improve aerobic fitness.

Correlation of pulmonary function tests with body fat percentage in young individuals.

The present study was planned to assess the correlation of pulmonary functions with body fat percentage in young individuals. A total of 132 (males-68, females-64) young students (18 to 21 years) with moderately sedentary lifestyle were recruited in this study. Their height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were measured. Pulmonary function tests (static and dynamic) were recorded on a computerized portable Schiller lung function unit SP-1. The percentage of body fat was estimated by measuring skin fold thickness at four sites (4SFT-biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) with the help of Harpenden’s caliper. In males body fat % showed negative correlation with expiratory reserve volume (ERV), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum ventilatory volume (MVV), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume at the end of first second (FEV1). It was observed that in females body fat % had negative correlation with ERV, FVC, and MVV. These results indicate that increase in percentage of body fat and central pattern of fat distribution may affect the pulmonary function t e s t s.