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Objective:To compare the efficacy between olecranon sled fixation and tension band wiring fixation in the treatment of Mayo ⅡA olecranon fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 54 patients with Mayo ⅡA olecranon fracture who had been admitted to Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from October 2018 to February 2021. There were 20 males and 34 females with an age of (45.5±17.7 years), and 36 left and 18 right sides. They were divided into 2 groups according to different methods of internal fixation. Group A (25 cases) was subjected to olecranon sled fixation and group B (29 cases) to tension band wiring fixation. Preoperative data, operation time, reoperations and complications during follow-up were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. In both groups at the last follow-up, the range of the elbow motion, the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score were recorded to evaluate the elbow function.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there were no significant differences in all their preoperative demographic data ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups either in follow-up time [(32.8±8.9) months for group A and (35.8±9.0) months for group B] or in operation time [60.0 (60.0, 82.5) min for group A and 60.0 (60.0, 67.5) min for group B] ( P>0.05). At the last follow-up in group A and group B, respectively, the flexion and extension of the elbow was 141.0°±8.4° and 140.0 (140.0, 150.0)°, the pronation-supination 180.0 (175.0, 180.0)° and 180.0 (175.0, 180.0)°, the MEPS score 100.0 (85.0, 100.0) and 100.0 (92.5, 100.0), and the DASH score 4.2 (1.7, 6.3) and 5.8 (1.3, 8.3), all showing no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Olecranon skin irritation occurred in 5 patients (20.0%,5/25) in group A and in 15 patients (51.7%,15/29) in group B, and 7 patients (28.0%,7/25) in group A and 21 patients (72.4%,21/29) in group B underwent removal of internal fixation, both showing statistically significant differences between the 2 groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of Mayo ⅡA olecranon fractures, compared with tension band wiring fixation, olecranon sled fixation may lead to comparable efficacy in fixation and functional recovery, but significantly reduced rates of complications and internal fixation removal.
ABSTRACT
El entrenamiento individualizado de carreras específicas con medios resistidos es una importante herramienta para la mejora de la velocidad. En virtud a la demanda de esta capacidad para el buen desempeño de los jugadores de béisbol, se reconoce como objetivo del presente estudio diseñar un entrenamiento de sprint mediante el uso de trineo y paracaídas. Se planifica un cuasiexperimento, con dos grupos: control y experimental y en dos momentos: pre y postest. La etapa experimental se desarrolla durante la pretemporada, conformada por una muestra de diez sujetos con 20.84 años de edad y 79.82 kg. de peso promedio. Se emplearon como métodos teóricos el analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico, sistémico-estructural-funcional y como empíricos el análisis de contenido, la observación, la medición. Para la medición de la velocidad lineal, las variables analizadas son el test de 60 yardas y los test de fuerza máxima del trineo y de squat. Los resultados alcanzados indicaron mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental en los tres test realizados, con % de incrementos iguales a 3.48, 7.25 y 7.46 % respectivamente. Además, se obtiene que existe una elevada correlación entre la fuerza máxima del trineo y la de squat con respecto al peso de rendimiento al esfuerzo de los atletas, con coeficientes de Pearson iguales a 63.6 % y 62.9 % respectivamente y para un 95 % de confianza. Se demuestra que el entrenamiento resistido nos proporciona información clave en la fase de velocidad máxima para la mejora del rendimiento de sprint en el béisbol.
O treinamento individualizado de corridas específicas com mídia resistida é uma ferramenta importante para melhorar a velocidade. Em virtude da demanda desta capacidade para o bom desempenho dos jogadores de beisebol, é reconhecido como um objetivo do presente estudo projetar um treinamento de sprint usando trenó e pára-quedas. Está prevista uma quase-experimentação, com dois grupos: controle e experimental e em dois momentos: pré-teste e pós-teste. A fase experimental ocorreu durante a pré-época, com uma amostra de dez sujeitos de 20,84 anos de idade e pesando uma média de 79,82 kg. Os métodos teóricos utilizados foram analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo, histórico-lógico, sistêmico-estrutural-funcional, e os métodos empíricos foram análise de conteúdo, observação e medição. Para a medição da velocidade linear, as variáveis analisadas foram o teste das 60 jardas e os testes de resistência máxima do trenó e do agachamento. Os resultados alcançados indicaram melhorias significativas no grupo experimental nos três testes realizados, com aumentos de % iguais a 3,48, 7,25 e 7,46 %, respectivamente. Além disso, obtém-se que existe uma alta correlação entre a força máxima do trenó e o agachamento com relação ao peso do desempenho de esforço dos atletas, com coeficientes de Pearson iguais a 63,6 % e 62,9 % respectivamente e para um 95 % de confiança. Demonstra-se que o treinamento resistido nos fornece informações chave na fase de velocidade máxima para a melhoria do desempenho do sprint no beisebol.
The individualized training of specific races with resisted means is an important tool for the improvement of speed. Due to the demand of this capacity for the good performance of baseball players, the objective of this study is to design a sprint training using sled and parachute. A quasi-experiment is planned, with two groups: control and experimental and in two moments: pre-test and post-test. The experimental stage is developed during the pre-season, conformed by a sample of ten subjects with 20.84 years of age and 79 82kg. of average weight. Theoretical methods used were analytical synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical and systemic-structural-functional. The empirical methods were content analysis, observation and measurement. For the measurement of linear speed, the variables analyzed are the 60-yard test and the maximum strength tests of the sled and squat. The results achieved indicated significant improvements in the experimental group in the three tests performed, with % increases equal to 3.48, 7.25 and 7.46 respectively. In addition, it is obtained that there is a high correlation between the maximum strength of the sled and the squat with respect to the weight of the athletes' effort performance, with Pearson coefficients equal to 63.6 % and 62.9 % respectively and for a 95 % of confidence. It is demonstrated that resisted training provides key information in the maximum velocity phase for the improvement of sprint performance in baseball.
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Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of sled board internal fixation on the treatment of olecranon fractures.Methods:The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of the 21 patients with olecranon fracture who had been treated with sled board internal fixation at Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from May 2019 to January 2021. They were 11 males and 10 females with 14 left and 7 right sides affected, aged from 18 to 68 years (mean, 42.0 years). By the preoperative Mayo classification for olecranon fractures, one case was type ⅠA, 11 cases were type ⅡA and 9 cases type ⅡB; by the Schatzker classification, one case was type A, 4 cases were type B and 16 cases type C. The operation time and the complications were recorded; at the last follow-up, the range of motion of the elbow joint was recorded and the elbow function and pain were evaluated by the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) and visual analogue scale (VAS).Results:The 21 patients were followed up for 13 to 34 months (mean, 19.6 months) after operation. At the last follow-up, the flexion and extension of the affected elbow averaged 139.8° (from 125° to 160°), and the pronation-supination 177.9° (from 160° to 180°). The operation time averaged 77.8 min (from 40 to 135 min). Postoperative olecranon skin discomfort developed in 4 patients, 2 of whom underwent removal of internal fixation; no such complication as internal fixation breakage, screw loosening, incision infection or elbow stiffness was observed in the other 17 cases. At the last follow-up, the MEPS scores averaged 97.9 points (from 85 to 100 points) and the VAS scores 0.2 points (from 0 to 2 points).Conclusion:The sled board internal fixation can result in good therapeutic effects on the treatment of olecranon fractures.
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PURPOSE@#Whiplash associated disorders remain a major health problem in terms of impact on health care and on societal costs. Aetiology remains controversial including the old supposition that the cervical muscles do not play a significant role. This study examined the muscle activity from relevant muscles during rear-end impacts in an effort to gauge their influence on the aetiology of whiplash associated disorders.@*METHODS@#Volunteers were subjected to a sub-injury level of rear impact. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record cervical muscle activity before, during and after impact. Muscle response time and EMG signal amplitude were analysed. Head, pelvis, and T1 acceleration data were recorded.@*RESULTS@#The activities of the cervical muscles were found to be significant. The sternocleidomastoideus, trapezius and erector spinae were activated on average 59 ms, 73 ms and 84 ms after the impact stimulus, respectively, prior to peak head acceleration (113 ms).@*CONCLUSION@#The cervical muscles reacted prior to peak head acceleration, thus in time to influence whiplash biomechanics and possibly injury mechanisms. It is recommended therefore, that muscular influences be incorporated into the development of the new rear-impact crash test dummy in order to make the dummy as biofidelic as possible.