Cross-sectional study on the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 080 healthy infants and young children aged 0-3 years from eight prefecture-level cities and one autonomous prefecture in Jilin Province were selected as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the subjects, and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire was used to understand the sleep status of the subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for sleep problems.@*RESULTS@#The total detection rate of sleep problems in the infants and young children was 38.24% (413/1 080). The total sleep time in the 4-11 month, 12-24 month, and 25-36 month age groups was higher than the recommended total sleep time (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that full-term birth, higher educational level of the main caregiver, and higher daytime activity intensity were protective factors for sleep problems in the infants and young children (P<0.05), while lower frequency of vitamin D supplementation, frequent night feeding, and maternal snoring were risk factors for sleep problems (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The total sleep time of infants and young children over 4 months old in Jilin Province is higher than the recommended total sleep time, but the prevalence rate of sleep problems is higher. The occurrence of sleep problems is related to various factors. Strengthening follow-up on preterm infants, providing education on infant sleep knowledge to primary caregivers, and regularly supplementing with vitamin D can be beneficial in reducing sleep problems in infants and young children.

Association between behavioral problems and sleep problems among children with autism spectrum disorder / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To explore the relationship between sleep problems and behavioral symptoms among the children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods • This study included 356 autistic children and 225 typically developing children aged 3-8 years. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to investigate the sleep problems of the two groups, and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) were used to assess the behavioral symptoms of the children with ASD. Results • According to the CSHQ total score, the prevalence of sleep problems was significantly higher in the children with ASD than that in the normally developing children [69.38% (245/356) vs. 47.56% (107/225), P=0.000]. The total scores of CSHQ, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, night waking, parasomnia, sleep disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness in children with ASD were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Compared with the ASD children without sleep disorder, the ASD children with sleep disorder got higher SRS total scores, social cognition, social communication, social motivation and autistic mannerisms scores (all P<0.05). Moreover, the total scores of ABC, sensory stimuli sensorial, relating, body and object use, and language scores were higher in the ASD children with sleep disorder (all P<0.05). ASD children with sleep disorder had higher scores in CARS (P=0.008), and according to the CARS stratification, the children with ASD in the sleep disturbance group had more severe symptoms (P=0.033). Conclusion • Children with ASD have higher risk of sleep problems than the typically developing children. And sleep problems are significantly associated with behavior of children with ASD. Behavioral symptoms are severer in the ASD children with sleep problems. It is suggested that sleep problems may have some deep and internal relationship with the onset of ASD, and more attention should be paid to patients' sleep problems in order to improve their recovery effect.

A Study on Problematic Internet Use and Sleepiness amongst Students of a Medical College in Sikkim

Background: Problematic Internet use (PIU) has become a global social issue and can be regarded as an individual’s inability to control Internet usage which results in negative impact in daily life. Individuals who spent more time on surfing the Internet are likely to sleep late night and this further increases the level of tiredness. The present study was commenced to determine relationship between Internet uses and sleep patterns among medical college students. Methods: The present study was commenced among 149 undergraduate students studying at Sikkim Manipal Medical College. The severity of addiction to Internet was measured using Young’s Internet addiction test. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) which consists of subjective sleepiness scale comprising of eight items was used to measure daytime sleepiness. Significance of association of Internet addiction and sleep disturbance was done by Fisher’s 2 sample t- test and a value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant value. Results: The proportions of boys who were pathological Internet addicts (moderate to severe) were 9.5%. For girls, the corresponding proportions were 7.5%. The prevalence of Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was 20.1%. This study estimated the prevalence of pathological Internet using was 8.05%. Present study found an association between problematic Internet use and excessive daytime sleepiness. The association was statistically significant (p= 0.016). Conclusion: The present study shows that Internet overuse was strongly associated with EDS and other sleep problems in adolescents. Because the number of Internet addicts will continue to grow, clinicians should consider examining Internet addiction in adolescent cases of EDS.

Comparisons of Subjective and Actigraphic Measurements of Sleep between Shift-working and Daytime Psychiatric Nurses / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: Shiftwork is known to be one of the common causes of sleep and health problems and finally causes the decreased quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep patterns of shiftworking and daytime psychiatric nurses using actigraphy and compare it with subjective assessment for sleep. METHODS: Twenty-three shift-working and 25 daytime nurses were enrolled. They rated their sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and other self-rating scales were measured for psychosocial aspects. Actigraphy was applied to the subjects for a total of 7 days to measure the sleep parameters. They also wrote sleep diaries during the period of wearing actigraphy. Sleep-related parameters of actigraphy, global score and components of PSQI, and the results of other self-rating scales were compared between shift-working and daytime nurses. RESULTS: Although the global score of PSQI did not show significant difference, the PSQI components showed significant differences between two groups: the shift-working nurses showed lower sleep quality, more sleep disturbance and hypnotic medication use, and worsened daytime dysfunction than daytime nurses. The shift-working nurses showed significantly shorter total time in bed and total sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, and longer average awakening time than those of daytime nurses in actigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that shift-working nurses experienced more sleep disturbances in both subjective and objective aspects of sleep than daytime nurses. This study also suggests that actigraphy may be useful to measure the objective aspects of sleep that are difficult to assess with subjective questionnaires alone.

Association of sleep and behavioral problems in Nanjing preschool children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of sleep and behavioral problems in a large sample of Nanjing preschoolers,and explore the relationship between them.Methods A total of 1327 children from 6 kindergartens of 2 districts in Nanjing,aged 3-6 years,were included in the study by using a stratified random sample survey method.Parents of these children completed a questionnaire including sleep habits and social characteristics of the children and their family.Behavioral problem scores were measured by the Achenbach children behavior checklist for children aged 1.5-5.0 years.The relationship between sleep and behavioral problems was tested using multivariate Logistic regression models to control for potentially confounding factors.Results Overall,52.68％ of the children were found to have sleep problems.The prevalence of sleep problems in boys was 56.11％,which was significantly higher than that (48.60％) in girls (P =0.006).The prevalence of total behavioral problems was 10.40％.Children with sleep problems had significantly higher prevalence and scores of total behavioral problems,internalizing syndrome and externalizing syndrome compared with those of children without sleep problems,and the differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05).In Logistic regression models,the children sleep problems were significantly contributed to total behavioral problems(OR =2.08,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The children sleep problems are common and as a risk factor for behavioral problems in Nanjing preschoolers.

Preliminary Study of Children's Sleep Problems in an Elementary School in Daegu

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep problems in Korean elementary school children and the differences in sleep problems related to their school grade and gender. METHODS: One public elementary school in Dae-gu, Korea was randomly selected. And, parents who agreed to participate this study were asked to complete a modified version of Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea screening questionnaire (TuCASA). RESULTS: The most common sleep problem was 'falling asleep in a vehicle (44.2%)' and the prevalence rate of this problem differed by school grade. The prevalence rate of falling asleep while watching TV before 8 P.M. (8.0%), daytime fatigue (21.9%) and nocturnal enuresis during the past 6 months (5.3%) were significantly differed by school grade. The prevalence rate of falling asleep while doing home work, falling asleep during a lesson, snoring and bruxism were 12.6%, 1.0%, 26.7% and 13.2% respectively. Although these rates did not show any differences between grades, snoring was more in boys and daytime fatigue was more in girls.. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that many elementary school children may have various sleep problems. Lower grade elementary schoolers had sleep problems which related to neuro-developmental factors, whereas higher grade elementary schoolers had sleep problems related to sleep deprivation and stress. Finally, more female schooler showed signs of fatigue or sleepiness than male schoolers.

The Sleep Habits of Children 4 to 12 Years Old in Guangdong / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To understand the sleep duration, sleep habits, the prevalence rate of sleep problem and its related factors on the children range from 4 to 12 years old. Methods:The parents of 727 children range from 4 to 12 years old were asked to answer The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the general information forms, which were used to rate their children.Results:The average sleep time on bed of the children was 9.6?0.9 hours, with no difference between males and females. The total scores of CSHQ were 36.8?13.6, and the prevalence of sleep problem was 31.0%. The total scores of CSHQ among 4-6 years old group, 7-9 years old group and 10-12 years old group were significant different (42.4?14.1?34.9?12?31.8?12, respectively ;P