ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND Enteric fever is a feco-orally transmitted disease with significant morbidity and mortality in India. Isolation of responsible bacteria from blood or bone marrow is the gold standard method for Enteric fever but it is seldom used now a days due to long turnaround time and higher cost. In developing country like India, relatively cheaper Widal test is used to diagnose Enteric fever. There are two methods of Widal test- slide agglutination test and tube agglutination test. The present study was done to compare efficacy of the slide agglutination test and tube agglutination in diagnosing enteric fever.METHODSAn OPD and IPD based cross sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to Oct 2019. A total of 100 patients with clinical suspicion of Enteric fever were included in the study. 15 ml blood was collected. Blood culture of all the samples were also performed by inoculating 10 ml of blood into appropriate blood culture media. Serum was separated from rest of the blood and serum was tested by both slide agglutination test and Widal tube agglutination test.RESULTSAmong 100 patients, slide agglutination test demonstrated positive result in 40(40%) samples and Widal tube agglutination test demonstrated positive result in 27 (27%) samples only. Among 40 samples positive by slide test 12 samples were negative by blood culture test. The slide test had a sensitivity of 93.33%, specificity of 82.86%, positive predictive value of 70% and negative predictive value of 96.67% and tube test had a sensitivity of 86.67%, specificity of 98.57% positive predictive value of 96.30% and negative predictive value of 94.52% considering blood culture as gold standard.CONCLUSIONSDue to higher sensitivity but poor specificity, slide Widal test should be used for rapid screening test and positive samples should be confirmed by Widal tube agglutination test.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the lateral scapular slide test (LSST) and shoulder subluxation, scapular position, pain on movement, Brunnstrom stage in hemiplegic patients. METHOD: 20 hemiplegic patients (right: 10, left: 10) were evaluated LSST in resting position at three different points (T2-Superior Angle, T3-Scapular Spine, T7-Inferior Angle) in three times of the both shoulder. Muscle power of shoulder, Brunnstrom stages, spasticity, subluxation degrees using X-ray studies and ROM pain degrees using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were also evaluated to examine the clinical correlation RESULTS: This study showed the evidence of positive correlation with LSST and shoulder subluxation, ROM pain degrees using VAS at T7-inferior angle (p<0.05), and negative correlations with LSST with shoulder abduction muscle power and Brunnstrom stage. But, there were no correlations with shoulder spasticity and hemiplegic side. CONCLUSION: This study provided LSST can be a useful predictor of shoulder subluxation and it supposed that the glenoid fossa on the affected side was upward rotated compared to the unaffected side.