ABSTRACT
Resumo Este artigo tem como objeto de análise a implantação da Lei Complementar nº 123, de 2006 (LC nº 123/2006), que instituiu o Estatuto Nacional da Microempresa e da Empresa de Pequeno Porte (MPE), por municípios paulistas. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico de difusão de políticas públicas tendo como objetivo estudar seu processo de adoção, observando os diferentes contextos e momentos de coerção previstos na legislação federal. Com base nas discussões teóricas relacionadas com o mecanismo de difusão chamado de coerção, respondeu-se a seguinte pergunta: qual é a influência do mecanismo de coerção vertical na difusão da Lei Geral da MPE nos municípios paulistas? A técnica "análise de sobrevivência" foi aplicada para identificar fatores explicativos da difusão da política, considerando variáveis de desenho institucional, políticas e partidárias, efeito vizinhança, necessidade da política, organizações/atores sociais e fatores estruturais. Os resultados demonstram que, conforme varia o desenho institucional de coerção, mudam os fatores explicativos da difusão dessa política na ponta, de modo que os aspectos locais, incluindo atores sociais, fatores regionais e questões estruturais, importam para a difusão, variando conforme o contexto coercitivo.
Resumen Este artículo analiza la implementación de la Ley General de las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas por parte de los municipios de São Paulo. Se utilizó la teoría de la difusión de políticas, con el objetivo de estudiar el proceso de adopción de esta política pública, observando los diferentes contextos y momentos de coerción previstos en la legislación federal. A partir de las discusiones teóricas relacionadas con el mecanismo de difusión denominado coerción, se respondió a la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál es la influencia del mecanismo de coacción vertical en la difusión de la mencionada ley en los municipios de São Paulo? Se aplicó la técnica de análisis de supervivencia para identificar factores explicativos de la difusión de políticas, considerando variables institucionales, políticas y partidarias, efecto barrio, necesidad de políticas, organizaciones/actores sociales y factores estructurales. Los resultados muestran que a medida que varía el diseño institucional de coerción, los factores explicativos de la difusión de esta política al final cambian, de modo que los aspectos locales, incluidos los actores sociales, los factores regionales y los problemas estructurales importan para la difusión, variando de acuerdo con el contexto coercitivo.
Abstract This article analyzes the implementation of the General Law for Micro and Small Business by municipalities in São Paulo. The theory of policy diffusion was used to study the process of adopting this public policy in the different contexts of coercion. The article presents theoretical discussions on the diffusion mechanism "coercion" and answers the question: what is the influence of the vertical coercion mechanism in the diffusion of the General Law in the municipalities of São Paulo? The survival analysis technique was applied to identify explanatory factors of policy diffusion, considering institutional, political, and party design variables, neighborhood effect, internal needs, organizations/social actors, and structural factors. The results show that as the institutional rules of coercion vary, the explanatory factors of the diffusion change so that local aspects, including social actors, regional factors, and structural issues, matter for the diffusion, varying according to the coercive context.
Subject(s)
Survival Analysis , Cities , Coercion , Diffusion of Innovation , Small BusinessABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar no âmbito comercial as instituições de longa permanência de idosos no Estado de São Paulo e aquelas constituídas por enfermeiros descrevendo o perfil dos enfermeiros empreendedores. Material e Método: Pesquisa transversal quantitativa, com coleta em bancos de dados da Junta Comercial do Estado e do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem (COREN) de 661 empresas registradas até junho/2017, sendo analisada a distribuição da frequência simples e relativa das variáveis. Resultados: A maioria das ILPI's foi registrada a partir de 2011 (61,3%), na forma de sociedade de responsabilidade limitada (55,5%), com capital social de até R$ 50.000,00 (72,3%) e faturamento anual de até R$ 360.000,00 (69,9%). Elas estão presentes na maioria dos municípios paulistas, mas com maior concentração na cidade de São Paulo (36,8%). Apenas 19,7% das empresas foram constituídas por enfermeiros, com menor capital inicial e faturamento anual. Predominam enfermeiras empreendedoras mulheres (76,7%), que constituíram empresas após seis anos do registro no COREN, o que ocorreu a partir de 2011 (46,0%). Conclusões: O número reduzido de ILPI's geridas por enfermeiros refletem o ensino voltado à carreira hospitalar, revelando a necessidade desenvolver habilidades empreendedoras na graduação, o que repercurtirá nesse novo papel ao garantir melhores cuidados à população envelhecida nas ILPI's.
ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize, from a commercial perspective, the long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for the elderly in the State of São Paulo and those consisting of nurses by describing the profile of entrepreneur nurses. Materials and Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional research, using data collection in databases of the State Commercial Board and the Regional Nursing Council (COREN) of 661 companies registered until June 2017, analyzing the distribution of the simple and relative frequency of the variables. Results: The majority of LTCFs were registered from 2011 (61.3%) in the form of limited liability company (55.5%), with a share capital of up to R$ 50,000.00 (72.3%) and annual revenue of up to R$ 360,000.00 (69.9%). They are present in most municipalities of São Paulo State, but with greater concentration in the city of São Paulo (36.8%). Nurses, with lower initial capital and annual revenue, constituted only 19.7% of the companies. There is a predominance of entrepreneur nurses (76.7%), who founded companies after six years of registration in the COREN, which occurred in 2011 (46.0%). Conclusions: The reduced number of LTCFs managed by nurses reflects training aimed at the hospital career and highlights the need to develop entrepreneurial skills in undergraduate courses, which will impact on this new role by ensuring better care for the aging population at the LTCFs.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar, en el ámbito comercial, los hogares para ancianos en el Estado de São Paulo y los integrados por enfermeras, describiendo el perfil de enfermeras emprendedoras. Material y Método: Investigación transversal cuantitativa, con recopilación en bases de datos de la Junta Comercial del Estado y el Consejo Regional de Enfermería (COREN) de 661 empresas registradas hasta junio de 2017, analizando la distribución de la frecuencia simple y relativa de las variables. Resultados: La mayoría de los hogares para ancianos se registraron a partir de 2011 (61,3%), en forma de sociedad de responsabilidad limitada (55,5%), con un capital social de hasta R$ 50.000,00 (72,3%) e ingresos anuales de hasta R$ 360.000,00 (69,9%). Estos están presentes en la mayoría de los municipios del Estado de São Paulo, pero con una mayor concentración en la ciudad de São Paulo (36,8%). Sólo el 19,7% de las empresas estaban constituidas por enfermeras, con un capital inicial y unos ingresos anuales más bajos. Predominan las enfermeras emprendedoras (76,7%), que formaron empresas después de seis años de registro en COREN, lo que ocurrió en 2011 (46,0%). Conclusiones: El número reducido de hogares para ancianos gestionados por enfermeras refleja la enseñanza dirigida a la carrera hospitalaria, lo que revela la necesidad de desarrollar habilidades empresariales en los cursos de pregrado, lo que tendrá un impacto en este nuevo papel al garantizar una mejor atención para el envejecimiento de la población en los hogares para ancianos.
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OBJECTIVES: This study involved a survey of the facility investment experiences, which was designed to recognize the importance of health and safety problems, and industrial accident prevention. Ultimately, we hope that small scale industries will create effective industrial accident prevention programs and facility investments. METHODS: An individual survey of businesses' present physical conditions, recognition of the importance of the health and safety problems, and facility investment experiences for preventing industrial accidents was conducted. The survey involved 1,145 business operators or management workers in small business places with fewer than 50 workers in six industrial complexes. RESULTS: Regarding the importance of occupational health and safety problems (OHS), 54.1% said it was "very important". Received technical and financial support, and industrial accidents that occurred during the past three years were recognized as highly important for OHS. In an investigation regarding facility investment experiences for industrial accident prevention, the largest factors were business size, greater numbers of industrial accidents, greater technical and financial support received, and greater recognition of the importance of the OHS. The related variables that decided facility investment for industry accident prevention in a logistic regression analysis were the experiences of business facilities where industrial accidents occurred during the past three years, received technical and financial support, and recognition of the OHS. Those considered very important were shown to be highly significant. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of health and safety issues was higher when small businesses had experienced industrial accidents or received financial support. The investment in industrial accidents was greater when health and safety issues were recognized as important. Therefore, the goal of small business health and safety projects is to prioritize health and safety issues in terms of business management and recognition of importance. Therefore, currently various support projects are being conducted. However, there are issues regarding the limitations of the target businesses and inadequacies in maintenance and follow-up. Overall, it is necessary to provide various incentives for onsite participation that can lead to increased recognition of health and safety issues and practical investments, while perfecting maintenance and follow up measures by thoroughly revising existing operating systems.
Subject(s)
Accident Prevention , Accidents, Occupational , Commerce , Financial Support , Hope , Investments , Logistic Models , Motivation , Occupational Health , Small BusinessABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study is to identify factors associated with performance of occupational health services in small-sized workplaces in Korea. METHODS: The data were collected from a random sample of 1,158 occupational health managers working for small-sized workplaces across the nation in which occupational health services were supported by Korean Industrial Health Association. A structured questionnaire was self-administrated by occupational health managers about characteristics of workplaces, occupational health managers, and performance level of occupational health services. RESULTS: Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that factors associated with performance of occupational health services in small-sized workplaces included supervisor being designated, occupational health manager having received safety and health training, and employer's concern with activities of health management. CONCLUSION: Government should make efforts to raise the level of employer's concern to occupational health activities. And it is needed to promote health managing staff as a core personnel to self-management for occupational health system.
Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Occupational Health Services , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self Care , Small BusinessABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study is to identify factors associated with performance of occupational health services in small-sized workplaces in Korea. METHODS: The data were collected from a random sample of 1,158 occupational health managers working for small-sized workplaces across the nation in which occupational health services were supported by Korean Industrial Health Association. A structured questionnaire was self-administrated by occupational health managers about characteristics of workplaces, occupational health managers, and performance level of occupational health services. RESULTS: Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that factors associated with performance of occupational health services in small-sized workplaces included supervisor being designated, occupational health manager having received safety and health training, and employer's concern with activities of health management. CONCLUSION: Government should make efforts to raise the level of employer's concern to occupational health activities. And it is needed to promote health managing staff as a core personnel to self-management for occupational health system.