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Objective To observe the curative effect and safety of Xiaoer zhixie decoction in treatment children with infectious diarrhea.Methods 84 cases with infectious diarrhea were randomly divided into 3 groups (positive control group,Xiaoer zhixie decoction group and control group).The control group (n =27) was treated with conventional therapy such as nutritional therapy.The Xiaoer zhixie decoction group (n =28) was given Xiaoer zhixie decoction through clysis.Positive control group(n =29) was treated with oral.Smectite powder.The therapeutic effect of 3 groups was observed during the 3rd day,the 5th day and the 7th day after treatment.Results The total effective rate of control group was 40.7％,positive control group was 79.3％ and Xiaoer zhixie decoction group was 78.6％ after 3 days treatment.Compared with control group,positive control group and Xiaoer zhixie decoction group achieved obvious effect(P ＜0.01).The positive control group and Xiaoer zhixie decoction group did not have significant difference(P ＞0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of Xiaoer zhixie decoction in treatment children with infectious diarrhea is significant.
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Se modificó una esmectita natural con soluciones mixtas de Al-Ce en presencia de un tensoactivo de tipo no iónico (óxido de polietileno). La intercalación se llevó a cabo asistida por ultrasonido para favorecer la homogenización de la mezcla y la difusión de especies hacia la interlámina del mineral. Se estudió el efecto de la relación tensoactivo-arcilla y la potencialidad de estos materiales como soportes catalíticos para el níquel. Los análisis termogravimétricos indicaron que la descomposición del tensoactivo se da a 500 °C. Los espectros DRIFT y DRX sugieren que la incorporación del tensoactivo se presenta en la superficie externa del mineral, el cual fue pilarizado. El aumento en la cantidad de tensoactivo causó pérdida de cristalinidad del material. La presencia del tensoactivo induce la formación de mesoporos. Los TPR-H2 indicaron que la modificación en presencia del tensoactivo favorece la reducibilidad del Fe del mineral. Se identificaron diferentes especies reducibles de Ni sobre la superficie del soporte, evidenciándose un aumento en la interacción níquel-soporte y en la reducibilidad a 700 °C con H2 puro para los catalizadores obtenidos a partir de los materiales modificados con tensoactivo. Se obtuvieron catalizadores con buena distribución del níquel en la superficie, tamaños de cristalitos menores de 10 nm y estabilidad térmica limitada. Los catalizadores modificados con tensoactivos soportados sobre arcillas presentaron mejores actividades catalíticas en el reformado de metano con CO2 a 700 °C (WHSV =60Lg-1h-1) con menores niveles de formación de coque.
A natural smectite was modified with Al-Ce solutions in the presence of Non-ionic surfactant (polyethilene oxide). The intercalation was carryingoutby ultrasound assistance in order to promote homogenization of the slurry and the diffusion of species into the lamellar space of mineral clay. The effect of surfactant-clay ratio and the potential of these solids like nickel catalytic supports were investigated. Thermogravimetical analysis indicated that the surfactant decomposition it is completed at 500 °C. DRIFT and XRD spectra suggest that the incorporation of the surfactant is on the external surface of clay and that the mineral was pillared. The increase in the surfactant ratio causes a lose of cristallinity material. The presence of surfactant induced mesoporous formation in the material. TPR-H2 indicated that the modification in presence of surfactant promotes the reducibility of Fe in the mineral. Several Ni reducible species on the support surface were identified. The interaction Ni-support and the reducibility with pure H2 at 700 °C were increased when the mineral clay was modified with the surfactant. Catalysts with good nickel distribution, particle size under 10nm and thermal stability limited was obtained. Ni-Catalyst supported on surfactant modified clays showed the best catalytic performance in the CO2 reforming of methane at 700 °C (WHSV =60Lg-1h-1) whit the lowest coke formation.
Uma esmectita natural foi modificada pelo meio de uma mistura com uma solução de Al-Ce, na presença de um surfactante do tipo nonionic (óxido de polietileno). A intercalação foi realizada assistida por ultra-som para facilitar a homogeneização da mistura e da difusão das espécies no espaço interlamelar da argila mineral. Nós estudamos o efeito do peso argila-surfactante e as potencialidades destes materiais como suporte para os catalisadores do níquel. A análise termogravimétrica indicou que a decomposição da superfície é completa a 500 °C. Espectros DRIFT e DRX sugerem que a incorporação do surfactante ocorre preferencialmente na superfície externa da argila e que foi modificada pelo meio dum processo do pilarização. O aumento da quantidade de surfactante provoca uma perda de cristalinidade do material. A presença da surfactante induziu a formação do mesoporous no material. O TPR-H2 mostrou que a mudança na presença do surfactante favorece a redução do Fe neste mineral. Também foi possível a identificação de uma formação de espécies reduzíveis do níquel na superfície do meio que. Encontraram-se um aumento do níquel-suporte a interação e reducibilidad em 700 °C com H2 puro para os catalisadores feitos de materiais com superfície modificada. Catalisadores foram obtidos com boa distribuição de níquel na superfície, e tamanho do cristal menores de 10nm e estabilidade térmica limitada. O catalisador suportado em argila modificada com surfactante mostrou melhor atividade catalítica na reforma do metano a 700 °C (WHSV =60Lg-1h-1) com baios níveis de formação de coque.
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En el presente trabajo se caracteriza una arcilla-bentonita colombiana (Valle del Cauca), mediante difracción de rayos X, técnicas espectroscópicas (IR, RMN y EPR) y análisis textural. Los resultados indican que el componente principal en este material natural es una esmectita dioctaédrica (aluminosa). Igualmente, los resultados de RMN de 29Si y de 27Al revelan la substitución isomórfica de Al3+ por Si4+ en la capa tetraédrica. El estudio de EPR evidencia la presencia de hierro (III) ocupando posiciones en la capa octaédrica del mineral de arcilla y formando nanoclusters, posiblemente de óxidos u oxihidróxidos. El análisis textural indica que el material es predominantemente mesoporoso.
In the present work a Colombian bentonite (from Valle del Cauca) was characterized by X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR and EPR) and textural analysis. The results indicate that dioctahedral (aluminian) smectite is the principal component in the natural material. In addition, both 29Si NMR and 27Al NMR analysis reveal the isomorphous substitution of Al3+ by Si4+ in the tetrahedral sheet. The EPR study shows iron (III) in octahedral sheet positions of the clay mineral besides nanoclusters probably in oxides or oxyhydroxides form. The textural analysis indicates that the bentonite is predominantly a mesoporous material.
No presente trabalho caracterizou-se uma argila-bentonita colômbiana (Vale do Cauca), mediante difração de raios X, técnicas espectroscópicas (IV, RMN e EPR) e análise textural. Os resultados indicam que o composto principal neste material natural é uma esmectita dioctaédrica (aluminous). Também os resultados de RMN de 29Si e de 27Al revelam a substituição isomórfica de Al3+ por Si4+ na camada tetraédrica. O estudo de EPR evidência a presença de Ferro (III) ocupando posições na camada octaédrica do mineral de argila e formando nanoclusters, possivelmente de óxidos ou oxihidróxidos. A análise textural indica que o material é predominantemente mesoporoso.
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AIM:To observe the preventive effects of aluminum phosphate gel and smectite powder on the side effects of erythromycin lactobionate via intervenous drop infusion for the gastrointestinal tract in children.METHODS:249 cases children with mycoplasmal pneumonia were randomly divided into three groups,aluminum phosphate gel group,smectite powder group and control group,83 cases in each group.The side effects of erythromycin lactobionate(abdominal pain,diarrhea,sicchasia,disgorging)for the gastrointestinal tract among three groups were observed.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the incidence rate of side effects was much lower in aluminum phosphate gel group and smectite powder group(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Aluminum phosphate gel and smectite powder significantly decrease the side effects of erythromycin lactobionate for the gastrointestinal tract in children,and especially the former,can be widely applied in pediatric clinic.
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PURPOSE: Dioctahedral smectite is an alumina silicate of phyllitic structure and absorbs bile acid in the intestine, forming a non-absorbable complex preventing enterohepatic circulation. The purpose of this study is to clarify the value of dioctahedral smectite and the adequate dosage, in combination with phototherapy, as well as to confirm whether it shortens the duration of hospitalization and to compare dioctahedral smectite with cholestyramine. METHODS: Total 45 full-term neonate with a total bilirubin level greater than 12 mg/dl were studied. The neonate were randomly divided into three groups : 1) Only phototherapy group (A) 2) 3.0 g/day dioctahedral smectite with phototherapy group (B) 3) 1.0 g/kg/day cholestyramine with phototherapy group (C). RESULTS: The mean serum bilirubin level of group B and C decreased significantly compared to group A at 48, 72 and 96 hours after the beginning of the study. The duration of phototherapy and hospitalization significantly decreased in group B and C. CONCLUSION: The data revealed that oral administration of dioctahedral smectite not only increased the efficacy of phototherapy, but also shortened the duration of phototherapy and can substitute for cholestyramine.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Administration, Oral , Aluminum Oxide , Bile , Bilirubin , Cholestyramine Resin , Enterohepatic Circulation , Hospitalization , Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal , Intestines , Jaundice, Neonatal , Phototherapy , SilicatesABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the curative effect of ribavirin combined with dioctahedral-smectite(smecta,DS) on ro-tavirus enteritis. Methods:Totally 168 children with rotavirus enteritis, aged from 6 month to 2 years, were randomly divided into 4 groups (3 treatment groups and a control group). All cases were treated with liquid infusion and other supportive treatment. Group A(n = 41) was treated with ribavirin intravenous injection, group B(n = 40) was treated with DS orally, and group C(n = 45) was treated with ribavirin and DS. The effective rate, symptom amelioration time, average hospital stay and side effects were analyzed. Results:Compared with control group,3 treatment groups had higher effective rate and shorter average hospital stay and symptom amelioration time(P