ABSTRACT
Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica cursa con un patrón inflamatorio en la vía aérea que incluye neutrófilos, macrófagos, linfocitos, los cuales se pueden obtener mediante un cepillado bronquial citológico. Objetivos: Identificar patrón inflamatorio según células inflamatorias presentes en la vía aérea, mediante el cepillado bronquial citológico e índice tabáquico de paquetes/año en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, que concurrieron al Hospital Neumológico Benéfico-Jurídico, en el período comprendido de junio de 2018 a junio de 2019, con indicación para la realización de fibrobroncoscopía con cepillado bronquial. Resultados: El 53,1 por ciento de los pacientes corresponden al sexo masculino. Un 46,1 por ciento presentó un índice tabáquico de paquetes/año entre 21-40. Predominaron las criptas y estrías como hallazgos broncoscópicos con un 51 por ciento y 40,8 por ciento respectivamente en pacientes con índice paquetes/año mayor que 40. De los pacientes con índice paquetes/año mayor de 40 (13 para un 26,5 por ciento) presentaron hiperplasia de células basales. El 46,9 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron un patrón inflamatorio neutrofílica. Conclusiones: Se identificaron a los pacientes con EPOC que presentaron patrón inflamatorio neutrofílica en la vía aérea y elevado índice tabáquico y desde el punto de vista broncoscópico tienen varios hallazgos que sugieren cronicidad(AU)
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents with an inflammatory pattern in the airway that includes neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, which can be obtained by cytological bronchial brushing. Objectives: To identify inflammatory pattern according to inflammatory cells present in the airway, through cytological bronchial brushing and smoking rate of packs/year in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who attended Benefico-Jurídico Pneumological Hospital, from June 2018 to June 2019, with an indication for fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchial brushing. Results: 53.1percent of the patients correspond to the male sex. 46.1percent ad a smoking rate of packs/year between 21-40. Crypts and striae predominated as bronchoscopic findings with 51percent and 40.8percent respectively in patients with a pack/year index greater than 40. Patients with a pack/year index greater than 40 (13 for 26.5percent) showed basal cell hyperplasia. 46.9percent of the patients had a neutrophilic inflammatory pattern. Conclusions: Patients with COPD who had a neutrophilic inflammatory pattern in the airway and high smoking index were identified, and from the bronchoscopic point of view they have several findings that suggest chronicity(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Background: The two major public health concerns that have enormous socio-economic as well as public health impact are smoking and LBP. Aim: To compare the effects of smoking on back extensor endurance. Methodology: 200, 100 smokers and 100 non-smokers, all males were taken within the age group of 30-50 years, and who have been smoking for the last 10 years or more. People with mechanical LBP and spinal pathology were excluded. These 200 subjects were included and divided into two groups. A(n=100 smokers)B (n=100 non-smokers).With adequate explanation and demonstration Seronson test was carried out to see the back extensor endurance time in two groups of subject. Data was obtained and smoking- index was correlated subsequently. BMI,VAS, SORENSON TEST. Were the outcome measures used. Results: 67 smokers and 31 non-smokers had low backache. The Sorenson time was significantly reduced in smokers with a mean endurance time of 44.89 and 96.39 in non-smokers. BMI is negatively related to Sorenson time and prolonged cough is a risk factor for low backache and also a dose- response relationship is found between the number of cigarettes / day and pain intensity. Conclusion: The back extensor endurance is reduced in smokers irrespective of backache. Increased BMI and cough is also associated with disabling low backache. Smoking index is positively related to back pain.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la asociación del consumo de alcohol y tabaco con el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de corte transversal. Se registraron los antecedentes de consumo de alcohol (gr/día) y tabaco (paquetes/año). El índice de masa corporal fue empleado para definir obesidad. La asociación fue estimada por regresión logística y la obesidad fue la variable respuesta. Resultados: Se incluyeron 675 sujetos. Los bebedores activos correspondieron al 68.4 %, y los fumadores fueron el 20.6 %. La frecuencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue 41.1 y 18.5 %, respectivamente. El consumo de alcohol estuvo asociado con sobrepeso y obesidad (OR = 1.1, IC95 % [1.01-1.21], p = 0.02). El hábito de fumar no mostró asociación significativa (OR = 0.91, IC95 % [0.83-1.00], p = 0.06). Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol estuvo asociado con el exceso de peso, mientras que el hábito de fumar aumentó el riesgo de obesidad en sujetos con sobrepeso.
Abstract Objective: Objective: to estimate the association of alcohol drinking and smoking with overweight and obesity. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. History of alcohol (gr/day) and tobacco (packs/year) consumption was registered. Body Mass Index was employed for overweight and obesity definition. Associations were estimated through logistic regression and a regression tree was applied. Results: A total of 675 subjects were included. Current-drinkers were 68.4% of total simple and current-smokers were 20.6%. Overweight and obesity frequencies were 41.1 and 18.5%, respectively. Alcohol consumption was associated to overweight and obesity (OR=1.1, p=0.02). There were no significant associations with smoking. Conclusions: Alcohol drinking was found to be associated with higher body weight excess, while smoking facilitates obesity development in overweight subjects.
ABSTRACT
Background: Neuropathy is one of the most common complications affecting individuals with diabetes mellitus. The best evidence indicates that the etiology of neuropathy is multifactorial and is a key area of current research. Hence, this study was undertaken to test the hypothesis of alteration in MNCV (motor nerve conduction velocity) of nerves before the actual manifestation of neuropathy in type II diabetic patients and also to analyze the effect of smoking on MNCV in diabetic subjects. Methods: In the present study, 120 diagnosed diabetics were taken as cases while 30 non diabetic healthy subjects were taken as controls. Case group was divided into diabetic non-smokers and diabetic smokers. Diabetic smokers were further subdivided into light, moderate and heavy smokers, according to smoking index. After detailed history and physical examination MNCV of median and ulnar nerve in upper limb and common peroneal nerve in lower limb was performed. Result: The MNCV of median and ulnar nerves in upper limb showed no significant bilateral decreased in diabetic non-smokers and subgroup of diabetic smokers when compared with control. However, there was a significant bilateral decrease in MNCV of common peroneal nerves in the lower limb of diabetic heavy smokers when compared with control. A negative, but statistically non-significant correlation was found between MNCV and smoking index. The decrease in MNCV was dependent on smoking index by 3%, 1%, 1%, 1%, 3% and 1% in median nerve (right), median nerve (left), ulnar nerve (right), ulnar nerve (left), common peroneal nerve (right) and common peroneal nerve (left) respectively. Conclusion: The present study indicates that MNCV is more resistant to hyperglycemia induced local metabolic and microvascular changes. However, the coalition of diabetes and smoking can augment their effects many folds and can lead to motor neuropathy, reiterating the fact that smoking itself is an independent risk factor for diabetic neuropathy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the influence of smoking on fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) expression in pa-tients with chronic airway inflammation. Methods According to the clinical history and characteristics of lung function, 206 patients were divided into asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) group (n=37), COPD group (n=124) and asthma group (n=45). Meanwhile, 40 people accepted healthy physical examination were used as the control group (n=40). Then persons were sub-divided into smokers or nonsmokers according to the situation of smoking. The FeNO value and pulmonary function index were compared between the four groups, and the FeNO value was compared between smokers and nonsmokers respectively. The smoking index and FeNO value of smokers were measured for correlation analysis. Results (1)The FeNO values were significantly higher in ACOS group and asthma group than those of COPD group and the control group (32.6±9.9 and 37.6±10.9 vs 18.7±9.8 and 14.4±4.3,F=68.082,P0.05). (3) The Fe-NO value was significantly lower in smokers of COPD group and ACOS group than that of non-smokers(P0.05). (4)The smoking index and FeNO value were negatively correlated in COPD group, but there were no obvious cor-relation in smoking index and FeNO values between other groups. Conclusion Smoking can lead to the reduction of FeNO value in COPD and ACOS patients. The detection of FeNO is helpful for the differentiating COPD combined asthma.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between osteoporosis and serum total type Ⅰ amino terminal extension of the peptide,vitamin D3 and smoking index in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods One hundred and fifty patients with COPD (test group) and 150 healthy people (control group) were selected.The total type Ⅰ amino terminal extension of the peptide was measured by electrochemical luminescence,and enzyme-linked immunoassay was adopted to determine the vitamin D3.The 150 patients with COPD were divided into slight group (45 cases),moderate group (52 cases) and severe group (53 cases) according to the severity of COPD.In 150 patients with COPD,120 patients with smoking were divided into 3 groups according to smoking index:A group smoking index ＜ 360,36 cases;B group smoking index 360-400,34 cases;and C group smoking index 401-560,50 cases.The levels of serum total type Ⅰ amino terminal extension of the peptide and vitamin D3 were compared and correlation was analyzed.Results The vitamin D3 and the total type Ⅰ amino terminal extension of the peptide levels in test group were significandy lower than those in control group:(35.37 ± 12.11) mg/L vs.(45.88 ± 12.55) mg/L and (38.16 ± 11.12) mg/L vs.(45.23 ± 12.33) mg/L,and there were statistical differences (t =2.74 and 4.64,P＜ 0.01).The levels of vitamin D3 and the total type Ⅰ amino terminal extension of the peptide in slight,moderate and severe group were decreased in turn,and the levels of total type Ⅰ amino terminal extension of the peptide and the vitamin D3 were positively associated with the severity of COPD (r =0.185 and 0.257,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of vitamin D3 and total type Ⅰ amino terminal extension of the peptide in A,B and C group were decreased in turn,and the levels of total type Ⅰ amino terminal extension of the peptide and the vitamin D3 were positively associated with smoking index (r =0.159 and 0.172,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion COPD patients are easier to suffer from osteoporosis compared with healthy population,and the serum vitamin D3 and total type Ⅰ amino terminal extension of the peptide can forecast the osteoporosis in COPD patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: The measurement of ECO may represent a new method for the non-invasive monitoring of airway inflammation and oxidant stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis patients. Quantification of lung oxidative stress in stable COPD patients by measuring ECO levels may also contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of COPD. Aims & Objective: To study the utility of measuring Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (ECO) level in addition to Pulmonary Function Test (Spirometry) in the monitoring of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Materials and Methods: COPD patients who were smokers and with a history of exposure to wood smoke (n =60) and healthy non-smokers as control (n =40) were selected as subjects by fulfilling the exclusion criteria as per the GOLD guidelines. Clinical examinations and spirometry including reversibility test were made following the standard protocol/procedure. ECO was measured using a MICRO III Smokerlyser. Results: The difference in level of ECO between COPD cases and healthy non-smokers was highly significant (F = 23.897; df = 98; p < 0.0001). The difference in the level of ECO among different groups (mild, moderate, severe and very severe) was highly significant (F=15.995; df =2; p<0.0001). ECO level in female COPD cases who were exposed to wood smoke was elevated (4.11 ± 1.323) when compared to healthy female non-smokers (1.50 ± 0.519) and the difference was highly significant. (F =1.593; df = 30; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: ECO levels in COPD cases vary with different grades of air way obstruction. We concluded that measuring the level of ECO in COPD cases along with spirometry forms a new approach for better understanding of pathophysiology of COPD cases, with indirect assessment of airway inflammation, oxidative stress and severity of airway obstruction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2(TIMP-2) in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD) and the association of smoking and TIMP-2 mRNA. Methods The expression of TIMP-2 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in 44 patients with COPD and 42 healthy smokers.The correlation analysis was then conducted between TIMP-2 mRNA expression and smoking index. Results The expression of TIMP-2 mRNA was 0.753?0.154 and 1.170?0.196,respectively,in patients with COPD and healthy smokers(P