Anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal injuries in sports: incidence, time of practice until injury, and limitations caused after trauma / Lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior e do menisco no esporte: incidência, tempo de prática até a lesão e limitações causadas pelo trauma

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of ACL and meniscal injuries in a population of recreational and elite athletes from Brazil and the relation of these injuries with their sports activities. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of 240 patients with ACL and/or meniscal injuries submitted to surgical treatment. Data of patients and sport modality, as well as Tegner score were registered in the first clinical evaluation. The patients were divided into three groups: (1) isolated rupture of the ACL; (2) ACL injury associated with meniscal injury; (3) isolated menisci injury. RESULTS: The majority of the patients belonged to group 1 (44.58%), followed by group 2 (30.2%) and 3 (25%). Most patients were soccer players. The mean time from sport practice to injury in group 1 was 17.81 years. In group 2, it was 17.3 years, and in group 3, 26.91 years. Soccer athletes presented ACL injury in 0.523/1000 h of practice and meniscal injury in 0.448/1000 h of practice. Before the injury, the mean Tegner score obtained for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 7.18, 7.34, and 6.53, respectively. After knee injury, those values were 3.07, 3.18, and 2.87, respectively. CONCLUSION: Soccer was the sport that caused the majority of lesions, regardless the group. Furthermore, patients from groups 1 and 2 had less time of practice prior to the injury (17.81 and 17.3 years) than the patients of group 3 (26.91 years). Women presented a higher risk to develop ACL and meniscal injuries in 1000 h of game/practice. Running, volleyball, and weightlifting are in ascending order of risk for ACL and/or meniscal injury. Regarding the return to sport practice, the efficiency of all athletes was impaired because of the injury.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência da lesão do LCA e dos meniscos numa população de atletas amadores e profissionais no Brasil e a relação destas lesões com o esporte praticado. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional de 240 pacientes com lesão meniscoligamentar do joelho desencadeada por diversas atividades esportivas. Dados dos pacientes, do esporte praticado e do questionário de Tegner foram registrados na primeira avaliação clínica. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupos: 1) lesão isolada do LCA; 2) lesão do LCA associada a lesão meniscal; 3) lesão meniscal isolada. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes pertencia ao grupo 1 (44,58%), seguido pelos grupos 2 (30,2%) e 3 (25%). O tempo médio de prática esportiva para gerar lesão foi de 17,81 anos no grupo 1, 17,3 no grupo 2 e 26,91 no grupo 3. Atletas de futebol apresentaram lesão de LCA em 0,523/1000 horas de jogo e de lesões meniscais em 0,448/1000 horas de jogo. Antes da lesão, a média de pontos obtidos no questionário de Tegner para os pacientes do grupo 1, 2 e 3 foram de 7,18, 7,34, e 6,53. Após a lesão, este valor caiu para 3,07, 3,18, e 2,87 respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A modalidade esportiva mais praticada foi o futebol e causou o maior número de lesões, independente do grupo. Além disso, pacientes do grupo 1 e 2 levaram menos tempo de prática do que os do grupo 3 para sofrerem lesões. As mulheres apresentaram maior risco de lesões de LCA e meniscos por 1000 horas de treino/jogo. Corrida, voleibol e academia estão em ordem crescente de riscos de lesões meniscoligamentares. Quando avaliado o retorno ao esporte, o rendimento de todos os atletas foi prejudicado pela lesão.

Lesiones en futbolistas de un equipo sudamericano durante 1 año de seguimiento / Lésions chez les footballeurs d'une équipe sud-américaine pendant un an de suivi / Injuries in Soccer Players of a South American Team for a Year Follow-Up

Introducción: las lesiones son eventos adversos frecuentes y significativos en la vida deportiva del futbolista. Objetivo: determinar las características de las lesiones derivadas de la práctica del fútbol en jugadores de un equipo profesional durante 1 año de competencia en la primera división del fútbol profesional colombiano. Método: se siguió prospectivamente durante 1 año a 24 jugadores de la primera categoría de un equipo de fútbol colombiano. Se realizó una valoración inicial a los jugadores que incluía la edad, peso, talla e índice de masa corporal. Diariamente el médico llenaba el formato de reporte de lesiones para cada jugador, en entrenamiento y competencia, donde consignaba fecha de la lesión, sitio anatómico lesionado, tipo de lesión, diagnóstico inicial, diagnóstico definitivo, lesión recurrente, mecanismo de lesión, causa de la lesión y días de incapacidad. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 26,5±5 años El índice de masa corporal fue 24,57±1,06. El 50 por ciento de los jugadores se lesionaron. El 58,3 porciento de las lesiones ocurrieron durante la competencia. No se presentaron lesiones recurrentes. El sitio anatómico más afectado fue la rodilla. La mayoría de las lesiones fueron ligamentosas y musculares. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue el esguince. La mayoría de las lesiones fueron de no contacto (66,66 por ciento). El 33,33 por ciento de todas las lesiones fueron por sobreuso y el 66,66 porciento por trauma. El 50 por ciento de las lesiones fueron severas. Conclusiones: se presentaron más lesiones durante la competencia, la mitad severas, principalmente esguinces ligamentosos en miembros inferiores, de no contacto, por sobreuso y trauma(AU)

Introduction: Injuries are frequent and significant adverse events in the sporting life of soccer players. Objective: Determine the characteristics of the injuries resulting from the practice of soccer players of a professional team during 1 year of competition in the Colombian first division of professional soccer. Method: We prospectively followed for 1 year, 24 players from the first category of a Colombian soccer team. An initial assessment of players was performed including age, weight, height and BMI. Daily, the format injury report for each player was filled in by the physician, during training and competition, for consigning date of injury, injured anatomic site, type of injury, initial diagnosis, definitive diagnosis, recurrent injury, mechanism of injury, cause of injury, and disability days. Results: The mean age was 26.5 ± 5 years. The BMI was 24.57 ± 1.06. 50 percent of players were injured. 58.3 percent of injuries occurred during competition. No recurring injuries occurred. The most affected anatomical site was the knee. Most of the injuries were ligamentous and muscular. The most common diagnosis was sprained. Most of the injuries were non-contact (66.66 percent). 33.33 percent of all injuries were overuse and trauma 66.66 percent. 50 percent of the injuries were severe. Conclusions: more injuries occurred during competition, half severe, mainly in the lower limbs ligamentous sprains, non-contact, overuse and trauma(AU)

Introduction: Les lésions sont des événements fréquents et significatifs dans la vie sportive d'un footballeur. Objectifs: Le but de ce travail est de déterminer les caractéristiques des lésions souffertes par les joueurs d'une équipe de la première division de football professionnel colombien pendant un an de compétitions. Méthodes: Un suivi prospectif de 24 joueurs d'une équipe colombienne de football de première catégorie a été effectué pendant un an. Une évaluation initiale des joueurs a été réalisée tenant compte de l'âge, du poids, de la taille, et de l'indice de masse corporelle. Chaque jour le médecin remplissait le formulaire de rapport de lésions de chaque joueur, aussi en entrainement qu'en compétition, où il consignait la date de la lésion, sa localisation anatomique, le type de lésion, un diagnostic initial, un diagnostic définitif, les lésions récurrentes, le mécanisme de la lésion, ses causes, et les jours d'invalidité. Résultats: Le moyen d'âge a été 26,5 ± 5 ans. L'indice de masse corporelle a été 24,57 ± 1,06. La moitié des joueurs a été atteinte de lésions (50 pourcent). Un pourcentage significatif de ces lésions (58,3 pourcent) s'est produit en compétition. Il n'y a pas eu de lésions récurrentes. Le genou a été la partie anatomique la plus fréquemment touchée. Un grand nombre de lésions a été localisée au niveau des ligaments et des muscles. Le diagnostic le plus fréquent a été l'entorse. La majorité des lésions ont été sans contact (66,66 pourcent). Une partie de lésions a été due à l'abus (33,33 pourcent) tandis que l'autre a été due aux traumatismes (66,66 pourcent). Les lésions ont été sévères dans 50 pourcent. Conclusions: La plupart des lésions ont survenu au cours de compétitions, notamment les entorses ligamenteuses des membres inférieurs, sans contact, et dues à l'abus et aux traumatismes(AU)

Sports injuries profile of a first division Brazilian soccer team: a descriptive cohort study

ABSTRACTObjective:To establish the injury profile of soccer players from a first division Brazilian soccer team. In addition, we investigated the association between the characteristics of the injuries and the player's age and position.Method: Forty-eight players from a Brazilian first division soccer team were followed during one season. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the injury profile. Spearman's tests were used to verify the association between the number and severity of injuries and the player's age. Chi-square test was used to verify the association between type of injury and player's position. Fisher's exact test was used to verify the association between the severity of injuries and player's position.Results: The incidence of injuries was 42.84/1000 hours in matches and 2.40/1000 hours in training. The injury severity was 19.5±34.4 days off competition or training. Lower limb was the most common location of injury and most injuries were muscular/tendinous, overuse, non-recurrent, and non-contact injuries. Player's age correlated with the amount and severity of muscle and tendon injuries. Defenders had more minimal injuries (1-3 days lost), while forwards had more moderate (8-28 days lost) and severe injuries (>28 days lost). Furthermore, wingbacks had more muscle and tendon injuries, while midfielders had more joint and ligament injuries.Conclusion: The injury profile of the Brazilian players investigated in this study reflected regional differences in soccer practices. Results confirm the influence of the player's age and position on the soccer injuries profile.

Distribución de las lesiones en un equipo profesional de fútbol colombiano / Distribution of lesions in a colombian professional soccer team

El fútbol es uno de los deportes con mayor riesgo y frecuencia de lesiones. Para determinar la distribución de las lesiones de un equipo profesional de fútbol durante una temporada; se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo incluyó a los 29 jugadores de la categoria A del Deportivo Independiente Medellín que participaron en la primera temporada de 2009 de la copa Mustang. Cada uno de los jugadores diligenció una encuesta inicial que incluía la edad, posición de juego, lesiones previas incapacitantes en los últimos dos años y dominancia del miembro inferior. Diariamente se llenaba el formato de lesión para cada jugador, en entrenamiento y competencia, que incluía sitio anatómico lesionado, tipo de lesión, diagnóstico inicial, diagnóstico definitivo, lesión recurrente, mecanismo de lesión, causa de la lesión e incapacidad. La edad promedio fue de 23,55 ± 4,65. El 44,8% de los jugadores reportaron antecendentes de les¡ón en los últimos 2 años. El 64,3% de las lesiones ocurrieron durante la competencia. El sitio anatómico más afectado fue el muslo. El primer diagnóstico fue el desgarro muscular y siempre ocurrio en competencia. La mayoría de las lesiones fueron musculares (35,7%) y de no contacto (85,7%). Las lesiones por sobreuso y trauma presentaron la misma frecuencia en todo el grupo. El 50% de las lesiones fueron leves. No se presentaron lesiones recurrentes. Se presentaron más lesiones durante la competencia, principalmente desgarros musculares del muslo, de no contacto, por sobreuso y trauma, leves en severidad y primordialmenteen jugadores con lesiones previas.

To determine the distribution of injuries to professional football team during a season, a prospective cohort study included the 29 players from Class A Deportivo Independiente Medellín who participated in the first season of 2009 Mustang Cup was done. Each player fills out an initial survery that included age, playing position, previous disabling injuries in the past two years and lower limb dominance. Every day was filled format for each player injury in training and competition, which included anatomical site injured, type of injury, initial diagnosis, final diagnosis, recurrent injury, mechanism of injury, cause of injury and disability. The average age was 23,55 ± 4,65. The 44,8% of players reported a history of injury in the last 2 years. 64,3% of injuries occurred during competition. The most affected anatomical site was the thigh. The first diagnosis was a muscle tear and always occurred in competition. Most of the injuries were muscle (35,7%) and no contact (85,7%). Overuse injuries and trauma showed the same frequency in the group. 50% of the injuries were minor. There were no recurrent lesions. There were more injuries during competition, particularly the thigh nuscle tears, no contact, overuse and trauma, mild in severity and primarily players with previous injuries.

Lesões nos jogadores de futebol profissional do Marília Atlético Clube: estudo de coorte histórico do campeonato brasileiro de 2003 a 2005 / Injuries in the professional soccer players of Marília Atlético Clube: a cohort study of the Brazilian Championship, 2003 to 2005

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: Vários autores têm investigado a incidência de lesões no futebol, poucos têm-se preocupado com o tempo de afastamento dos atletas ou com os prejuízos financeiros oriundos de tal situação. O objetivo deste estudo foi confrontar, através de um estudo de coorte histórico, o tempo total de afastamento de atletas lesionados com as variáveis: idade, posição dos jogadores e tipo de lesão. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os jogadores de futebol profissional do Marília Atlético Clube que atuaram no Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol - Série B, de 2003 a 2005. As informações foram coletadas através do acesso direto aos prontuários médicos e protocolo de coleta de dados, com um período de seguimento de 24 meses, sendo, posteriormente, realizada a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: A idade dos jogadores variou de 18 a 35 anos (24,5 ± 4,4); os jogadores mais freqüentemente lesionados foram: atacantes (36,8 por cento), zagueiros (26,6 por cento), meias (20 por cento), laterais (10 por cento) e goleiros (6,6 por cento); as lesões mais comuns foram: musculares (46,8 por cento), ligamentares (26,6 por cento), ósseas (16,6 por cento) e meniscais (10 por cento); o tempo de afastamento nos atacantes variou de 10 a 240 dias (28 ± 78,3), nos zagueiros de 20 a 120 dias (26,5 ± 33,9), nos meias de 10 a 180 dias (18,5 ± 66,3), nos laterais de 13 a 240 dias (17 ± 129,9) e nos goleiros de 35 a 60 dias (47,5 ± 17,6). CONCLUSÃO: A análise estatística mostrou não haver correlação entre a idade dos jogadores e o tempo total de afastamento dos mesmos (p = 0,31), não houve diferença significativa entre o tempo de afastamento nas diferentes posições dos jogadores dentro de campo (p = 0,49), houve diferença significativa entre o tempo total de afastamento e os diferentes tipos de lesão (p < 0,001) entre as variáveis: lesões meniscais e ósseas, lesões meniscais e musculares, lesões ligamentares e ósseas e, finalmente, lesões ligamentares e/ musculares.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: several authors have investigated the incidence of injuries occurred in outdoor soccer games. However, just a few are concerned about the athletes' healing period or the financial damage due to this no-activity period. The purpose of this study was to assess, through a cohort study, the injured athletes' recovery period, facing it to the variables: age, position in game and injure pattern. METHODS: The medical reports of all professional soccer players of Marília Atlético Clube who were injured during the Brazilian Soccer Championship - 2nd Division, from January/2003 to December/2005 were assessed, with a 24 months follow-up. RESULTS: Athletes' mean age (SD) was 24.5 years (4.4 years); the most frequently injured athletes were: strikers (36.8), center-backs (26.6 percent), center-midfielders (20 percent), side-midfielders (10 percent) and goalkeepers (6.6 percent). The most frequent injuries were: muscular (46.8 percent), ligament (26.6 percent), bone (16.6 percent) and meniscal (10 percent); the strikers have shown a mean recovery period of 28 days (78.3 days), the center-backs 26.5 days (33.9), the center-midfielders 18.5 days (66.3), the side-midfielders 17 days (129.9) and the goalkeepers 47.5 days (17.6). CONCLUSION: Statistical analysis showed that there was no correlation between athletes' age and their healing period (p/ =/ 0.31); there was no statistical difference between the healing period among the five different athletes' positions (p/ =/ 0.49); there was statistical difference between the healing period and the injury pattern (p/