ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: classificar o risco de consumo de álcool de gestantes nos últimos 12 meses (baixo risco, risco, nocivo e provável dependência) e durante a gravidez (negativo ou positivo). MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo desenvolvido com 118 gestantes usuárias do SUS de dois municípios. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se os testes AUDIT e TACE por meio de entrevista. RESULTADOS: observou-se que 94,9% das entrevistadas faziam uso frequente do álcool antes da gravidez e 34,7% fizeram seu uso sem ter conhecimento da gravidez vigente. Quanto ao padrão de uso durante a gestação, a maioria das gestantes (86,4%) referiu não utilizar ou utilizar dentro de limites de "baixo risco", no entanto, foram verificadas associações entre o consumo pregresso de álcool das mulheres e o consumo durante o período gravídico, bem como associações entre o consumo de álcool nos últimos 12 meses antes da gestação e os escores que representam o consumo durante o período gravídico. CONCLUSÃO: compreender o consumo de álcool por gestantes permite contribuir com diagnósticos precoces de vulnerabilidade e com o planejamento de intervenções para estabelecer uma gestação segura e saudável.
OBJECTIVE: to classify the risk of alcohol consumption in pregnant women in the last 12 months (low risk, harmful and likely addiction) and during pregnancy (negative or positive). METHOD: this is an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study developed with 118 pregnant UHS users from two municipalities. For data collection, the AUDIT and TACE tests were applied by means of interview. RESULTS: it was observed that 94.9% of the women interviewed made frequent use of alcohol before pregnancy and 34.7% made use without being aware of the current pregnancy. Regarding the pattern of use during pregnancy, most pregnant women (86.4%) reported not to use or use within "low risk" limits, however, associations were verified between the previous consumption of alcohol by women and the consumption during the pregnancy, as well as associations between the consumption of alcohol in the last 12 months before pregnancy and the scores that represent the consumption during the pregnancy. CONCLUSION: understanding the consumption of alcohol by pregnant women allows contributing to early diagnosis of vulnerability and planning of interventions to establish a safe and healthy pregnancy.
OBJETIVO: clasificar el riesgo de consumo de alcohol de la gestante en los últimos 12 meses (riesgo bajo, riesgo, dependencia dañina y probable) y durante el embarazo (negativo o positivo). MÉTODO: se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo desarrollado con 118 gestantes que utilizan el SUS en dos municipios. Para la recolección de datos se aplicaron las pruebas AUDIT y TACE, a través de entrevistas. RESULTADOS: se observó que el 94,9% de las entrevistadas consumía alcohol con frecuencia antes del embarazo y el 34,7% lo consumía sin tener conocimiento del embarazo actual. En cuanto al patrón de consumo durante el embarazo, la mayoría de las mujeres (86,4%) informó no consumir o consumir dentro de los límites de "bajo riesgo", sin embargo, se encontraron asociaciones entre el consumo previo de alcohol de las mujeres y el consumo durante el período de embarazo, así como las asociaciones entre el consumo de alcohol en los últimos 12 meses antes del embarazo y las puntuaciones que representan el consumo durante el período de embarazo. CONCLUSIÓN: comprender el consumo de alcohol por parte de la gestante permite contribuir a diagnósticos tempranos de vulnerabilidad y planificar intervenciones para establecer un embarazo seguro y saludable.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Alcohol Drinking , Risk Factors , Sociological FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of sociodemographic factors in failure to complete outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR). METHODS: This was a retrospective study that used information obtained from the database of the cardiac rehabilitation department of a cardiac hospital in Iran. Data from 1,050 CR patients treated at the hospital between January 2001 and January 2013 was analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Only 49% of the patients completed the CR program. After adjustment for baseline variables, it was found that the following were significantly associated with failure to complete the CR program: illiteracy (p<0.001), old age (p<0.001), being an employee or retired (p<0.05), having a low capacity for exercise (p<0.001), depression (p<0.001), low anxiety (p<0.001), and not currently being a smoker (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Paying more attention to older patients with low literacy levels and limited exercise capacity, who are employed or retired, and who are not current smokers, and taking therapeutic measures to control psychological complications such as depression, may be effective in ensuring that patients complete outpatient cardiac rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety , Demography , Depression , Literacy , Heart Diseases , Iran , Logistic Models , Outpatients , Patient Dropouts , Rehabilitation , Retrospective Studies , SociologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Underweight is associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity. It is reported that the prevalence of underweight is increasing among Korean young women. However, there have been few studies on sociodemographic factors related to being underweight. This study was conducted to elucidate the sociodemographic characteristics of Korean underweight adults. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study of 7,776 adults aged 25 to 69 years using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2010. Study subjects were composed of underweight and normal-weight adults excluding overweight adults. Body mass index was calculated from measured height and weight. Health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and physical activity were surveyed through self-administered questionnaires, and socioeconomic status, marital status, and history of morbidity were surveyed through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: Women had a higher frequency of underweight (10.4% vs. 7.0%, P < 0.001) than men. Among men, current smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.62) and past history of cancer (OR, 2.55) were independently related to underweight. Among women, young age (OR, 2.06), former smoking (OR, 1.69), and being unmarried (OR, 1.56) were identified as independently related factors of underweight. In addition, among both men and women, alcohol drinking (men OR, 0.57; women OR, 0.77) and past history of chronic diseases (men OR, 0.55; women OR, 0.43) were independently related to a lower frequency of underweight. CONCLUSION: We showed that various sociodemographic factors were associated with underweight. It was ascertained that there were differences in the sociodemographic factors related to underweight between Korean men and women.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking , Body Mass Index , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Demography , Drinking , Health Behavior , Korea , Marital Status , Mortality , Motor Activity , Nutrition Surveys , Overweight , Prevalence , Single Person , Smoke , Smoking , Social Class , Sociology , Thinness , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
La enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por un protozoo flagelado, el Trypanosoma cruzi. Es una patología característica de Hispanoamérica y en la actualidad habría en el mundo más de 20 millones de infectados. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: determinar la seroprevalencia en los pacientes con solicitud de serología para enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza y evaluar la situación epidemiológica y social de la población afectada. El trabajo es de tipo prospectivo, observacional y comprende el período entre julio de 2006 y julio de 2008. Se emplearon como técnicas de diagnóstico sobre muestras de suero: Hemaglutinación indirecta (HAI Chagatest, Wiener lab), enzimoinmunoensayo (Chagatest ELISA v 3.0 Wiener lab), ¡nmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI con reactivos propios, utilizando antígenos y controles del Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén"). Se consideraron positivas aquellas muestras con las que se obtuvo un resultado positivo en dos de las tres técnicas. Con el fin de optimizar la recolección de datos epidemiológicos se utilizó una estrategia multidisciplinaria que involucró a los médicos que solicitaban el estudio, a la Sala de Epidemiología, al servicio de Asistencia social y al laboratorio. Se obtuvo una seroprevalencia de 11,4% en el período estudiado, con la siguiente distribución por país de nacimiento: 47,8% Argentina, 43,5% Bolivia, 8,3% Paraguay y 0,4% Chile. Es evidente la importancia de los fenómenos migratorios en la región, entendiendo que la enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza representa una forma de movilización social. El 60,4% de los pacientes seropositivos tenían necesidades básicas insatisfechas, sólo el 30% de los entrevistados tenían estudios primarios completos. En cuanto a la percepción de la patología, se observa la aceptación de la enfermedad en referencia a que la padecen sus padres, otros familiares o allegados.
The Chagas-Mazza' disease is a parasitic disease caused by a flagellate protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi. It is a pathology characteristic of Latin America and currently have over 20 million people infected all over the world. The objectives of this study were: to state the prevalence in patients with Chagas-Mazza ' disease infection application and to evaluate the epidemiological and social situation of the affected population. The work is prospective, observational, and covers the period July 2006 to July 2008. Were used as diagnostic techniques on serum samples: Indirect Hemagglutination (IHA Chagatest, Wiener lab), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA Chagatest Wiener lab v 3.0), immunofluorescence (IFI with their own reagents, antigens and controls using the National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén"). Those samples were considered positive with which a positive result was obtained in two of the three techniques. To optimize the collection of epidemiological data used a multidisciplinary approach, involving physicians who requested the study to the Board of epidemiology, social work service and laboratory. We obtained a seroprevalence of 11.4% over the period studied, with the following distribution by country of birth: 47.8% Argentina, 43.5% Bolivia, 8.3% Paraguay and 0.4% Chile. Highlights the importance of migratory phenomena in the region, understanding that Chagas-Mazza' disease is a form of social mobilization. In 60.4% have unmet basic needs, only 30% of respondents have completed primary education. Regarding the perception of pathology is observed acceptance of the disease in reference to that suffered by their parents, other family members or relatives.
A doença de Chagas-Mazza é uma doença parasitaria causada por um protozoário flagelado, o Trypanosoma cruzi. E uma patologia característica de Hispanoamérica e na atualidade existiriam no mundo mais de 20 milhóes de infectados. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: determinar a soroprevalência nos pacientes com pedido de sorologia para doença de Chagas-Mazza e avaliar a situaçâo epidemiológica e social da populaçâo afetada. O trabalho é de tipo prospectivo, observacional e compreende o período entre julho de 2006 e julho de 2008. Foram utilizadas como técnicas de diagnóstico sobre amostras de soro: Hemaglutinaçâo indireta (HAI Chagatest, Wiener lab), enzimaimunoensaio (Chagatest ELISA v 3.0 Wiener lab), imunofluorescência indireta (IFI com reagentes próprios, utilizando antígenos e controles do Instituto Nacional de Parasitologia "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén"). Foram consideradas positivas aquelas amostras com as quais foi obtido um resultado positivo em duas das très técnicas. Visando a otimizar a coleta de dados epidemiológicos, foi utilizada uma estratégia multidisciplinar que envolveu os médicos que solicitavam o estudo, a Sala de Epidemiologia, o serviço de Assistência Social e o laboratório. Foi obtida uma soroprevalência de 11,4%, no período estudado, com a seguinte distribuiçâo por país de nascimento: 47,8% Argentina, 43,5% Bolivia, 8,3% Paraguai e 0,4% Chile. E evidente a importancia dos fenómenos migratórios na regiâo, entendendo que a doença de Chagas-Mazza representa uma forma de mobilizaçâo social. 60,4% dos pacientes soropositivos tinham necessidades básicas insatisfeitas, só 30% dos entrevistados tinham finalizado o Primerio Grau. Quanto à percepçâo da patologia, observase a aceitaçâo da doença em referência a que é padecida por seus pais, outros familiares ou conhecidos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Epidemiology , Observational Study , Prospective Studies , Trypanosoma cruzi/parasitologyABSTRACT
National or Caste group characteristics typify psycho-social characteristics of that group. These typifying psycho-social characteristics, whether of individuals or of families or of small or big groups, have tremendous predictive value in determining interventional outcomes. Systematic studies to discern distinguishing features of population subgroups vis-à-vis domicile, socio economic status (SES), gender etc. practically non-existent. . Psycho-social characteristics determine behavioural expressions in day to day living. In a separate large scale study entitled “A Study of the Impact of Behavioural Interventions on Illness Breeding Behaviors” funded by World Bank through Uttar Pradesh Health System Development Project; Lucknow, 1134 families drawn on stratified random basis from rural and urban areas of Barabanki, Mujaffarnagar and Gorakhpur districts of Uttar Pradesh (Northern India) were studied along various psycho-social characteristics to study the differences, if any, between the population subgroups. The data revealed significant differences between the population sub-groups along several psychosocial characteristics. The findings are discussed.