ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has caused global concern and called for emergency response measures. In this continuous epidemic crisis, ethics has suffered unprecedented huge impact and challenges. It is the responsibility of contemporary ethics to reflect on the moral dilemma existing in itself and in the world. Therefore, ethics must stand the test and provide legitimate reasons for how to give full play to relevance and availability in this global crisis. The theory of rule ethics, which focuses on the realization of moral obligations and rights, is obviously unable to adapt to the response to the demand for ethical responsibility in special periods. The ability to take moral actions against others requires the intervention of "empathy" and "care" factors to realize the possibility of changing from heteronomy to self-discipline. Caring ethics emphasizes that "empathy" and "care" should be wisely regarded as an important value under the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to minimize the possible of the COVID-19 spread and its mutation and escalation in daily interpersonal communication, and create more meaningful ethical relationships with others by being responsible for and caring for others. At the same time, caring ethics further emphasizes that ignoring the cognition may lead to continuous psychological impact, making it difficult to reconstruct a harmonious social psychological situation.
ABSTRACT
To popularization and improvement of on-the-spot rescueability is a vital means to reduce the accidental disability rate and the mortality rate,which is also a prospective concept of health.To popularize on-the -spot rescue knowledge and to improve self and mutual medical aid is a strongly public welfare and is the manifestation of social responsibility as well as respect for life.Based onthe investigation of on-the-spot rescue ability among three higher vocational college students in Shaanxi,this paper pointed out that the popularity rate of on-the -spot rescue knowledge was low among higher vocational college students,which no longer kept pace with the demand of social development and occupational requirement.It also analyzed the importance and urgency of improving higher vocational students'on-the-spot rescue ability from the perspective of social ethics.Strengthening the propaganda and training self-rescue skills might be a possible way to enhance students' on-the-spot rescue ability.
ABSTRACT
Más de una década de esfuerzos para controlar el avance de la infección por VIH, el futuro parece agravarse tras el aumento del número de casos nuevos; el SIDA representa una de las principales causas de muerte en hombres y mujeres en el mundo. En el marco de la bioética para la atención a la salud, realizamos varias reflexiones sobre la comunicación médico-paciente, la necesidad del humanismo, el enfoque bioético, la repercusión del SIDA en los niños, sobre diversos aspectos éticos de las relaciones sociales y la atención a la salud de los pacientes VIH/SIDA, dentro de la dinámica de una sociedad compleja y demandante como la contemporánea donde se ha adquirido conciencia del respeto a la autonomía de los pacientes. La relación médico-paciente VIH/SIDA requiere humanismo, contribuyendo de este modo a construir una sociedad más justa y solidaria y evitando las habituales tendencias al sesgo, el carácter sensacionalista y morboso que a lo largo de los años de evolución de la pandemia, desafortunadamente ha sido difundida a la población. En el ámbito de las responsabilidades y obligaciones morales, se plantean aquellas que conciernen al Estado, la sociedad y los propios pacientes, quienes padecen un problema de salud de consecuencias fatales, aún no resuelto. Se hace énfasis desde el punto de vista social, hay que vencer los tabúes y la discriminación que desata el SIDA; todas las formas de transmisión del VIH, en nuestro medio, son previsibles, por esto para detener la epidemia es esencial llevar la enseñanza, desarrollar habilidades de comunicación eficientes, adoptar decisiones responsables y autoestima; esto se logra promoviendo la salud sexual en los escolares y jóvenes en general en su círculo de amistades, en la escuela y en su Comunidad, y constituye un desafío de la sociedad actual.
After more than one decade of controlling efforts to stop the advance of the HIV infection, future appears gray, facing the increase of new cases. AIDS represents one of the most important causes of deaths of females and males in the whole world. Inside the bioethical frame for health attention, we present several considerations about the doctor-patient communication, the need for a more humanistic approach, the bioethical approach, repercussions of AIDS in children, about different ethical aspects of human relations and the attention to patients with HIV/AIDS inside the dynamics of our modern, intricate and demanding contemporary society where consciousness' has been gained regarding patient's autonomy. The doctor- patient with HIV/AIDS requires of a humanitarian touch, contributing by this mean, to build up a fairer and solider society, avoiding the current tendencies to errors, sensationalism and morbid image that has mistakenly been opened to population. Inside the frame of responsibilities and moral obligations are those which concern the state, society and the patients with a fatal consequences disease, still unresolved. We emphasize from the social point of view, that taboo and discrimination against AIDS must be defeated, all the transmission ways of the disease, in our environment, are perfectly avoidable; therefore, to stop the epidemics, it is essential to carry out teaching, develop efficient communication techniques, the taking of responsible decisions and self esteem. All these is achievable by promoting sexual health in schools, communities, etc, which constitutes a challenge to our society.
ABSTRACT
In this paper some bioethical reflections about medical research in human beings are made. The social moral obligation to increase this kind of investigation, with the purpose of enlarging resources to take care of the health of society, as well as to comply with the moral duty of keeping the integrity of the participating subjects, have placed to medical investigators face to face with ethical problems that may affect the development of this essential activity for human healthcare. On one hand, in the present context, the resistance of both healthy and sick individuals to collaborate in the studies, as possible, according to a wrong autonomous decision (irreflexive individualism). On the other hand, the shortage of anticipating strategies that promotes altruistic attitudes to take into account, the suffering experiences proper of human nature. In this regard, the author focuses his reflections, from the principle of social welfare that underlies medical research and of the necessity of providing instrumentation for some educational policy that without lacking respect for the autonomy of subjects, would propitiate the participation of society so that humanity would continue to benefit from the achievements of this type of research.
La necesidad de realizar investigación médica en seres humanos, con el fin último de incrementar el acervo de bienes para la atención a la salud de la humanidad, así como el deber moral de mantener la integridad física y psíquica de quienes participan en los estudios, coloca a los investigadores médicos, frente a problemas que a la luz del análisis bioético plantea nuevas dificultades, ampliando el ámbito de la reflexión bioética, en el contexto de la sociedad contemporánea. Un problema importante es que existe el riesgo de que paulatinamente las personas sanas o enfermas se nieguen a colaborar en los estudios de manera espontánea, producto en gran parte de una actitud individualista que resulta del ejercicio irreflexivo de la autonomía personal. Otro problema estrechamente relacionado es la carencia de estrategias que prevengan esta situación, a través de la promoción de actitudes altruistas, sin detrimento de la autonomía personal. El autor propone lineamientos generales para la instauración de una política educativa considerando por un lado las experiencias y vivencias propias de la condición humana y, por otro, las responsabilidades sociales de los individuos, desde la perspectiva del principio de beneficencia social que subyace en la investigación médica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Altruism , Bioethical Issues , Biomedical Research , Human ExperimentationABSTRACT
Through statement of AIDS , Happening and development, analysison spread way and infections people, discussion of harm and prevent and treatment. Social ethics problem involved is discussed, and it's showed that AIDS is not only a kin of natual disease, but also a kind of serious social disease and is arise many social ethics problems, women and children will be focal point of prevment and treatment, Practical way should be adopted for comprehensive administration about AIDS all over the world to prevent it's spread at all.
ABSTRACT
The shortage of human hearts has brought the current research focus on finding an animal source as substitute hearts.The immunological barriers to cardiac xenotransplantation are now more clearly defined,allowing retrospective interpretation of past clinical experience in humans.Due to physiological compatibilities as well as ethical and infectious considerations,pigs have now emerged as the most likely source of future xenografts.With the introduction of transgenic pigs expressing human complement regulatory proteins and new immunosuppressive strategies have shown early promise in the laboratory,cardiac xenotransplantation has been the social focus.This article explores ethical issues that surround developments in this field.