ABSTRACT
Social anxiety disorder is a common anxiety disorder in which a key feature is interpersonal avoidance accompanied by generalized problems with emotion identification and emotion regulation. In response to the gap in these therapeutic priorities in other therapies, emotion-focused therapy has emerged to fill the part of the treatment of emotions with an emphasis on the relational process. The paper reviews the recent studies related with the treatment of social anxiety disorder with emotion-focused therapy. The results suggest that the main points of social anxiety onset in an emotion-focused perspective are traumatic emotional experiences and self-criticism, and that the therapeutic focus of emotion-focused therapy is on dealing with the traumatic emotional scenario behind the anxiety and exposing it to adaptive emotions to be transformed. It also works better in combination with other more mainstream therapies. This suggests that emotion-focused therapy is a promising approach for the clinical treatment of social anxiety disorder and looks forward to the development of a more integrated treatment approach in the clinic.
ABSTRACT
O Transtorno de Ansiedade Social ou Fobia Social está entre os transtornos psicológicos mais comuns e, para seu diagnóstico correto, é necessário o uso de instrumentos de avaliação com adequadas propriedades psicométricas. Este artigo tem o objetivo de descrever a análise fatorial exploratória do Questionário de Ansiedade Social para Adultos, um novo instrumento de avaliação do Transtorno de Ansiedade Social. A amostra compôs-se de 894 sujeitos, sendo 768 de população não clínica e 126 clínica. É um estudo instrumental, quantitativo e transversal. O Questionário de Ansiedade Social para Adultos apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas, estabilidade na estrutura e natureza dos cinco fatores, com ótima consistência interna. Conclui-se que o instrumento possui distribuição fatorial claramente definida e é adequado para a mensuração da ansiedade social
Social Anxiety Disorder or Social Phobia is among the most common psychological disorders, and the use of assessment tools with proper psychometric properties is required to obtain a correct diagnosis. This article aims to describe the exploratory factor analysis of the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults, which is considered a new instrument to assess Social Anxiety Disorder. The sample consisted of 894 participants, including 768 of non-clinical population and 126 of clinical one. This is an instrumental, quantitative and cross-sectional study. As a result, the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults showed good psychometric properties, stability in structure and nature of the five factors with excellent internal consistency, pointing to a clearly factorial distribution of the instrument for measuring social anxiety
El trastorno de ansiedad social o fobia social es uno de los trastornos psicológicos más comunes y, para un correcto diagnóstico, es necesario el uso de instrumentos de evaluación con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir el análisis factorial exploratorio del Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos, un nuevo instrumento de evaluación del trastorno de ansiedad social. La muestra consistió en 894 sujetos, 768 de población no clínica y 126 clínica. Se trata de un estudio instrumental, cuantitativo y transversal. El Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas, estabilidad de la estructura y naturaleza de los cinco factores, con una excelente consistencia interna. Se concluye que el instrumento posee distribución factorial claramente definida y es adecuado para la medición de la ansiedad social
Subject(s)
Humans , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Phobic Disorders , PsychometricsABSTRACT
Introduction: People with non-heterosexual sexual orientation frequently face stigma-discrimination complex. Beside, persons who meet criteria for social anxiety disorder (SAD) present annoying symptoms in social situations when they could be evaluated or may be the victims of teasing or rejection. However, there is no systematic review showing the magnitude of this association. Objective: To review the association between sexual orientation and social anxiety disorder in observational studies during the last twenty years. Method: It was performed a systematic review in the Virtual Health Library, Medline, PsycArticles and Scopus. Key words were homosexuality, sexual orientation, sexual behavior, social anxiety disorder, social phobia, mental disorders and mental health. The search was limited to published studies involving adults between January 1997 and December 2016. A qualitative analysis of the studies was performed and Odds Ratios (ORs) were calculated, ifthey were not reported. Results: Revision included five studies that showed a statistically significant association between non-heterosexual orientations, in particular bisexuality, and SAD, OR between 1.9 and 3.5,95% CI 1.0-11.4. Conclusions: Nonheterosexual orientations are associated with SAD. It is important to consider counseling in people who meet criteria for SAD and the role played by the stigma-discrimination complex by counseling. More studies addressing this relationship from social and cultural perspective are needed in Latin America.
Introducción: Las personas con orientación sexual no heterosexual afrontan frecuentemente el complejo estigma-discriminación. Por su parte, las personas que reúnen criterios para trastorno de ansiedad social (TAS) presentan síntomas molestos en situaciones sociales en las que son evaluados o pueden ser víctimas de burlas o rechazo. Sin embargo, no se cuenta con una revisión sistemática que presente la magnitud de esa asociación. Objetivo: Revisar la asociación entre orientación sexual y trastorno de ansiedad social en estudios observacionales durante los últimos veinte años. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Medline, PsycArticles y Scopus. Se usaron como palabras claves 'homosexualidad', orientación sexual, comportamiento sexual, trastorno de ansiedad social, fobia social, trastornos mentales y salud mental. La búsqueda se limitó a estudios publicados con la participación de adultos entre enero de 1997 y diciembre de 2016. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo de los estudios y se calcularon razones de disparidad (OR) si fueron informadas. Resultados: Se incluyeron cinco investigaciones que mostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre orientaciones no heterosexuales, en particular bisexualidad, y el TAS, OR entre 1,9 y 3,5; IC 95% 1,0-11,4. Conclusiones: Las orientaciones sexuales no heterosexuales se asocian a TAS. Es importante considerar la orientación en personas que reúnan criterios para TAS y el papel que juega el complejo estigma-discriminación por orientación. Se necesitan estudios en América Latina que aborden esta relación desde una perspectiva social y cultural.