La evaluación psicosocial de un donante vivo de riñón / Psycho-Social Evaluation of a Living Kidney Donor

resumen La decisión de convertirse en donante vivo de riñón suele ser conflictiva. Generalmente se cree que el candidato conoce sus motivos, que es consciente de ellos, que ha pensado largamente su decisión y hasta ha consultado sobre ella. Sorprende corroborar que -en muchos casos- solo tiene una conciencia vaga, más bien oscura, de sus razones y de la validez de ellas. Otras veces ha tomado una decisión impulsiva, guiado por sus afectos, y se ha confiado a su suerte y/o a su fe. Y, otras más, viene indeciso, presionado por diversas circunstancias. La evaluación de salud mental debe ayudarle a poner sus motivos en claro, es decir, a hacerlos conscientes, a verbalizarlos. Debe permitirle analizarlos y afirmarse en su decisión o arrepentirse de ella. Es decir, debe ser una experiencia positiva, que enriquezca la decisión, la madure o la descarte. Y debe dejar al candidato la sensación interior de haber recibido ayuda para tomar la mejor decisión posible en su caso. La evaluación psicosocial debería ser la primera de varias valoraciones a las que debe someterse un candidato, porque una decisión bien tomada es requisito para realizar un proceso adecuado. El autor revisa las condiciones en que debe desarrollarse la entrevista, los requisitos que debe cumplir la decisión y las técnicas apropiadas para obtener la información indispensable.

abstract The decision to become a living kidney donor is full of conflicts. It is generally believed that the candidates are aware of their reasons, that they have thought long about it, and have even asked questions about it. Thus it is surprising that, in many cases, they are only vaguely aware of their reasons and their validity. Sometimes, it is an impulsive decision guided by their emotions and entrusted to their luck or faith. Sometimes, they are undecided and put under pressure due to various circumstances. The mental health assessment should help to clarify their reasons, and to put them into words. It should be a positive experience, enriching their decision. It should give the candidate the inner feeling of having received help for taking the best decision. The psychosocial evaluation should be the first of multiple assessment ratings that the living kidney donor must face. A well-taken decision is a requirement to start the process properly. The author reviews the conditions in which that interview should be developed, the requirements to be met by the decision, and the proper techniques to obtain accurate information.

Application and Exploration of PDCA Cycle Management in Hospital Social Evaluation / 中国医学伦理学

The First Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University adopted PDCA cycle management tool and used planning,implementing,inspection,processing and other links in the specific application of promoting hospital social evaluation.After a certain stage,we summed up the work and changed the chaotic work status of social evaluation management.Comparing with the existing literature,this paper concluded that the application of this tool can promote the research of hospital quality and service management,promote the practice of building harmonious doctor -patient relationship.It is worth to promote the application of PDCA cycle management in hospital social evaluation.

Exploration of Basic Organization Structure of Hospital Social Evaluation / 中国医院管理

Interim Measures for Hospital Review points out that social evaluation is one of the important contents of hospital periodicity evaluation.Through the literature review and analysis,the definitions of hospital social evaluation are examined,and the agents,subjects and contents involved in basic organization structure of hospital social evaluation are analyzed.The theoretical findings can be used to help to eStablish hospital social evaluation system.

Research of the theory model and realization path for social evaluation of public hospitals from the social governance perspective / 中华医院管理杂志

Social evaluation governance strategy was introduced to study the social management path for public hospitals.On the basis of definition of social governance and social evaluation theory, clarification of the concepts and relationship logic of public hospital′s social evaluation,and analysis of the context analysis of their social evaluation policy,the paper discussed the establishment of social evaluation and governance theory logic framework of public hospitals.In terms of such realization paths as the purposes,indexes,entities,and methods of the evaluation,as well as result release and application of the evaluation,recommendations were made.

Survey on cognitive attitude and participation willingness of public hospitals social evaluation based on stakeholders theory / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To survey the cognitive attitude and participation intention for stakeholders of public hospitals,in order to provide basis for public hospitals social evaluation.Methods 621 stakeholders of public hospitals were subject to the questionnaire survey.Results 76.7%(475/619) stakeholders held it as necessary to independently launch the public hospitals social evaluation,and held that the evaluation subjects selection should be professional(83.8%),independent(67.7%),authoritative (55.6%),and proactive(46.1%).The survey also recommended that social evaluation of public hospitals should have such indexes as government investment (80.2%),social supervision (76.0%),and information disclosure system(7 1.1%).The overall willingness rate of stakeholders to participate in the public hospital social evaluation was 7 1.6%.Conclusions Development of the social evaluation index system of public hospitals and diversified evaluation subj ects are key to developing the theory and practice system of public hospitals social evaluation.

Selection of appropriate subjects for public hospitals social evaluation and component architecture / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To identify appropriate subjects for public hospitals social evaluation which fit and match the public hospital social evaluation index system.Methods The methods of literature review,expert consulting and comprehensive evaluation were used.SWOT analysis,appropriateness ranking and classification were made to such six evaluation subj ects as civil servants,medical workers, professional organizations,patients and their family,the public at large and mass media representatives. Results For the support dimension,the top three appropriate evaluation subj ects are professional social organizations,the public at large and medical workers in turn.For the process dimension,the top three subj ects are social professional organizations,civil servants and the public at large.For the result dimension,the top three are professional organizations,the public at large and civil servants.Conclusions Diversified evaluation subj ects independently represented and guided by non-government third-party professional organizations seem a better solution for China′s present specifics.Such a mechanism is authorized by the government,involving patients and their family,the public and social observers,and mass media representatives,supported and coordinated by government departments and public hospitals.

The social context and the need of information from patients with epilepsy: evaluating a tertiary referral service / O contexto social e a necessidade de informações de pacientes com epilepsia: avaliando um serviço terciário de referência

Objective Characterize the social profile and the need of information from patients with refractory epilepsy. Method A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 103 patients to investigate sociodemographic aspects, pharmacotherapy and any doubts about epilepsy. Results Patients were highly dependent on having a free and accessible supply of antiepileptic drugs. Sixty-eight percent of the population was unemployed, and 26% confirmed receiving social security benefits due to epilepsy. Twenty-nine percent of the population reached high school. Eighty-five percent of the patients had at least one doubt about epilepsy; treatment and epilepsy aspects in general were the main topics. Conclusion : As observed in developed countries, patients with refractory epilepsy from a developing country also have high rates of unemployment and low educational levels. The results raise a concern about the need of information about epilepsy by patients and their families, urging the necessity to invest in strategies to solve this deficiency in knowledge. .

Objetivo : Caracterizar o perfil social e a necessidade de informações por parte de pacientes com epilepsia refratária. Método Um questionário semi-estruturado foi aplicado a 103 pacientes para investigar aspectos sociodemográficos, farmacoterapia e quaisquer dúvidas sobre epilepsia. Resultados Os pacientes mostraram-se altamente dependentes de um fornecimento gratuito e acessível de drogas antiepilépticas. Sessenta e oito por cento da população estava desempregada, e 26% confirmaram receber algum benefício social devido à epilepsia. Vinte e nove por cento da população alcançou ensino médio. Oitenta e cinco por cento dos pacientes tinha ao menos uma dúvida sobre epilepsia; tratamento e aspectos gerais da epilepsia foram os principais temas. Conclusão Tal qual observado em países desenvolvidos, pacientes com epilepsia refratária em países em desenvolvimento também apresentam altas taxas de desemprego e baixos níveis educacionais. Os resultados são preocupantes no que diz respeito à necessidade de informações sobre epilepsia por parte dos pacientes e seus familiares, apontando a necessidade de se investir em estratégias que solucionem esta deficiência de conhecimento. .

Benefício de Prestação Continuada e perícia médica previdenciária: limitações do processo / Continued benefit and social security medical evaluation: limitations of the process

Com o objetivo de analisar os resultados do processo de avaliação da pessoa com deficiência (PcD) requerente do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) - após a implantação do modelo de avaliação baseado na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) - foi desenvolvido um estudo documental envolvendo a análise estatística descritiva de 1.404 requerimentos de BPC para PcD, no período de maio de 2006 a abril de 2012. Os resultados evidenciaram a permanência da estrutura de exclusão, com a avaliação adotada, mantendo-se a restritividade de acesso da PcD ao BPC.

Aimed at analyzing the results of the process of evaluation of the disabled people who ask for the Continued Benefit - after the implementation of the model of evaluation based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - it was developed a documentary study in which 1,404 application forms for the Continued Benefit for disabled people from May, 2006 to April, 2012 were submitted to a statistical descriptive analysis. The results showed that the exclusion structure has been kept with the adopted evaluation, as well as the restrictiveness to the Continued Benefit for disabled people.

Open access to digital information resources on social network / 中华医学图书情报杂志

After a description of the connotation and features of social network and its effect on open access to digital information resources, the structural frame of social network-based open access to digital information resources was constructed.

Temor a la evaluación social negativa: validez de constructo y criterio del instrumento de medición / Fear of Negative Social Evaluation: Construct and Criterion Validity of the Measurement Instrument

El Instrumento de Temor a la Evaluación Social Negativa (ITESN) ha mostrado evidencias de validez y confiabilidad al utilizarse en muestras culturalmente distintas y al traducirse a diferentes idiomas (Duke et al., 2006; Gallego, 2010; Gallego et al., 2007; Weeks et al., 2005; Tavoli et al., 2009). Dada la relevancia del estudio de la ansiedad y fobia social, y con la intención de aportar herramientas para estudiar estas variables en muestras mexicanas, este proyecto presenta evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de una traducción al castellano del ITESN (Leary, 1983) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Ciudad de México. Se realizaron análisis de discriminación de reactivos, factoriales exploratorios y factoriales confirmatorios mediante modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados muestran una estructura unifactorial que agrupa ocho de los doce reactivos del instrumento original, explica el 53.8 % de la varianza total y muestra consistencia interna adecuada (α = 0.88). Se obtienen evidencias de validez de criterio del ITESN, así: a) se asocia positivamente con el Instrumento de Ansiedad Rasgo y b) mediante un procedimiento experimental, se observan asociaciones positivas entre el ITESN y mediciones de ansiedad estado y motivación de autopresentación ante la expectativa de conocer a otra persona. Se discute el funcionamiento de los cuatro reactivos redactados de forma negativa y la interpretación teórica de las relaciones que respaldan la validez de criterio.

The Brief fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) has shown good validity and reliability properties in different cultural samples, as well as when it has been translated to other languages (Duke et al., 2006; Gallego, 2010; Gallego et al., 2007; Weeks et al., 2005; Tavoli et al., 2009). Given the relevance of the study of anxiety and social phobia and the need for research tools for Mexican samples, this study presents validity and reliability evidences for a translation to Spanish language of the BFNE (Leary, 1983) in a sample of undergraduate students from Mexico City. Psychometric tests included discrimination analysis for each item, principal component factorial analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modeling. Results show a one factor structure with just eight of the 12 original items. It explains 53.8% of total variance and has good reliability ( α = 0.88). In addition, evidence was found concerning criterion validity for the BFNE: a) It correlates positively with a Trait Anxiety Scale; and b) through an experimental procedure, positive correlations for the BFNE with a State Anxiety Scale and a Self-Presentation Motivation Scale when participants had the expectation of being introduced to another person. The discussion verses in relation to the performance of score reversed items and the theoretical meaning of items and to the observed relationships that support the criterion validity of this translation to Spanish language of the BFNE scale.

Developing the social evaluation strategy and the study framework for public hospitals as seen from the social governance perspective / 中华医院管理杂志

Social governance is a novel form of public administration made based on the analysis and judgment for the power pattern in the course of social administration, a model advocated in the premise of a clearly positioned relationship among the government, marketplace, society and citizens.Social evaluation is an effective carrier and means leveraging the social governance theory, which has found extensive and outstanding use in such issues as expression of public interests and responsibilities,and in tackling sharp social problems. The authors called into play the scenario analysis based on public hospital management reforms with the social governance theory. In addition, they explored social governance at home and abroad as well as the theories, meaning and progress of social evaluation, and analyzed the pathways and probes in social evaluation and governance in the fields in question. On such basis, the paper proposed to explore and develop the social evaluation strategies and study framework for public hospitals in terms of healthcare management, aiming at building the social governance system and policies for public hospitals.