ABSTRACT
@#Aims and Design: Individuals’ food intake may vary depending on their situation and with whom they are having their meal. Thus this systematic review aimed to compare the effect of social facilitation between eating alone and eating with others, and evaluate the social modeling effect when eating with familiar or unfamiliar others, on food intake. Data Sources: Articles were screened and reviewed based on titles, abstracts and keywords. Inclusion criteria included experimental design, English language, open-accessed, and published from 1980 until the review was conducted in 2018. Review Methods: Using the PRISMA method, potential studies were identified on Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and BASE databases using two different keywords combinations. Results: Seventeen studies were included. For social facilitation, seven studies found that food intake increases when eating alone while five others stated it would increase when eating with others. One study suggested that it increases in both situations. For social modeling of food intake, two studies found that it commonly occurs when an individual eats in the presence of unfamiliar others, while one study reported that it happens more often with familiar others. Two other studies observed that social modeling occurs in both situations. Conclusion and Impact: Food intake tends to increase when eating alone than eating with others while the presence of familiar or unfamiliar others may either increase or limit an individual’s food consumption to socially match their co-eaters’ intake. Thus, good self-control is crucial for setting a dietary limit regardless of whether ones are eating alone or with familiar or unfamiliar others.
ABSTRACT
Este estudo investigou o efeito que a disponibilização de práticas conciliadoras do trabalho e da família por parte das organizações tem na satisfação que os trabalhadores experienciam com o seu trabalho; também analisou o papel que a facilitação do trabalho na família desempenha enquanto mediadora da relação entre estas variáveis. Os dados foram obtidos mediante a participação de 342 sujeitos, 171 casais, casados ou vivendo maritalmente, os quais responderam a um questionário. Os participantes estavam empregados em uma grande variedade de profissões e organizações. Os resultados suportam a hipótese de que a facilitação do trabalho na família medeia a relação entre as práticas de conciliação e a satisfação com o trabalho. Deste modo, os resultados salientam o papel importante que esta facilitação desempenha nas atitudes dos empregados perante as práticas organizacionais conciliadoras do trabalho e da família, apresentando, assim, uma explicação sobre o mecanismo por meio do qual as práticas de conciliação têm impacto positivo na satisfação dos empregados.
The present study explored the effect that the availability of conciliatory work and family practices on the part of organizations, has on the job satisfaction experienced by the workers. Moreover, this study examined the role that work-family facilitation plays as a mediator in the relationship between these variables. The data was gathered from 342 subjects, 171 couples, married or cohabiting, who responded to a survey. The respondents were employed in a wide variety of occupations and organizations. The results demonstrated that work-to-family facilitation explains a significant amount of unique variance associated with job satisfaction, over and above the variance explained by the practice of conciliation. The results support the hypothesis that work-to-family facilitation mediates the relationship between the practices of conciliation and job satisfaction. In this way, the results underscore the important role that work-to-family facilitation plays in determining employees' reactions, in terms of job satisfaction, to the practice offered by organizations of reconciling the work and family domains, thereby offering an explanation of the mechanism through which these practices have a positive impact on employee satisfaction.