Review on environmental-social factors and social driving process model construction of infectious diarrhea affected by rainstorm and flood / 环境与职业医学

Infectious diarrhea is an important public health problem, which has a significant impact on global disease burden. Under the background of climate change, rainstorms increase and floods occur frequently. Most studies show that the incidences of infectious diarrhea disease increase significantly after rainstorm and flood events. However, there is a lack of systematic summary on the path of rainstorm and flood events affecting the incidence of infectious diarrhea, including the key links and mechanisms underlying environmental-social interaction. This study comprehensively combed the literature from environmental factors, socio-economic and cultural factors, and population and individual susceptibility factors. The potential mechanisms of infectious diarrhea caused by rainstorm and flood events were discussed from the aspects of spreading of pathogens, affecting sanitation facilities and (or) drinking water treatment infrastructure, the regulatory role of individual and behavioral factors, and long-term effects. Based on the "pressure-state-response" model, a social driving process model of rainstorm and flood leading to incidence of infectious diarrhea was constructed. This model could provide reference for future quantitative modeling and other research directions. It is helpful to guide the public health departments to accurately identify factors affecting the incidence of infectious diarrhea after rainstorm and flood, so as to take targeted intervention measures.

A typology of corporate and family dairy farms in eastern Goiás, Brazil / Tipologia de sistemas produtivos leiteiros familiares e patronais na região leste de Goiás

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify a typology of corporate and family dairy farms in eastern Goiás, Brazil. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 170 farm operators in the municipalities of Cristalina, Luziânia, and Silvânia. Dairy farms were categorized into two groups, corporate and family farms. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis extraction. Four factors were identified: Milking management (F1), Production scale (F2), Productivity (F3), and Sociodemographic characteristics (F4). Corporate and family farms were then compared in terms of factor scores. Corporate farms scored higher on F1 and F2 and were characterized by larger production scale, greater adoption of milking management and hygiene practices; and consequently, greater alignment with institutional and market demands. These results indicated that corporate dairy farms in eastern Goiás have higher sustainability and are more likely to remain in business than family dairy farms.

RESUMO: Buscou-se analisar a tipologia de sistemas produtivos leiteiros familiares e patronais, localizados na região leste do estado de Goiás. Foram aplicados formulários semiestruturados em 170 sistemas produtivos leiteiros nas cidades de Cristalina, Luziânia e Silvânia. Os sistemas leiteiros foram segregados em dois grupos G1: produtores familiares e G2 produtores patronais. Para as demais variáveis foi aplicada a técnica de Análise Fatorial Exploratória - AFE com método de extração de Componentes Principais - ACP. Quatro Fatores foram obtidos: F1- manejo de ordenha, F2 - escala de produção, F3 - produtividade e, F4 - social. Os grupos G1 e G2 foram comparados frente aos Fatores. Produtores de leite patronais (G2) apresentaram maiores resultados para F1 e F2 quando comparados com produtores de leite familiares (G1). Desta forma, entre os sistemas produtivos leiteiros analisados, aqueles classificados como patronais (G2) apresentaram maior escala de produção de leite, maior frequência na adoção práticas de manejo e higiene de ordenha e portanto, estão mais adequados as demandas institucionais e de mercado atuais.

Progress in epidemiological research on relationship between psychological and social factors and stroke / 中华流行病学杂志

Stroke has caused a heavy disease burden across the world, and it has become a worldwide public health problem. Several studies have assessed the relationship between psychological and social factors and risk of stroke so far. This paper summarizes the progress in epidemiological research on the relationship between psychological and social factors (depression, psycho-social stress, anxiety, loneliness, psychological distress, social support, social isolation, and social network) and the risk for stroke, the results of these studies were inconsistent. Most studies showed an association between these factors and the incidence of stroke, but there were still some studies showing no such association.

Predictors of psychiatric readmissions in the short- and long-term: a population-based study in Taiwan

OBJECTIVES: To explore the risks and rates of readmission and their predictors 14 days, one year, and five years after discharge for the psychiatric population in Taiwan. METHODS: This was a prospective study based on claims from 44,237 first-time hospitalized psychiatric patients discharged in 2000, who were followed for up to five years after discharge. The cumulative incidence and incidence density of readmission were calculated for various follow-up periods after discharge, and Cox proportional hazard models were generated to identify the significant predictors for psychiatric readmission. RESULTS: The less than 14-day, one-year, and five-year cumulative incidences were estimated at 6.1 percent, 22.3 percent, and 37.8 percent, respectively. The corresponding figures for incidence density were 4.58, 1.04, and 0.69 per 1,000 person-days, respectively. Certain factors were significantly associated with increased risk of readmission irrespective of the length of follow-up, including male gender, length of hospital stay >15 days, economic poverty, a leading discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia/affective disorders, and residence in less-urbanized regions. Compared to children/adolescents, young adults (20-39 years) were significantly associated with increased risks of

Social Factors Analysis of the Absence of Professional Ethics among Accountants / 中国医学伦理学

As the repeated emergence of accounting communication distortion and criminal behaviors among accounts,the absence of accounts′ professional ethics is drawing increasing attention from the general public.The professional ethics absence is partially related to the imperfect self-discipline of accountants.However,self-discipline by its own can never solve the absence of accounts′ professional ethics to some extent.Certain social factors are also responsible,which are analyzed in this thesis,aiming to provide a welcoming external environment for the improvement of professional ethics among accountants.

A Discussion about Effect of Psychological Factor and Social Factor on the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumor / 中国临床心理学杂志

Modern medicine is in the new phase of transform from biomedical model to bio-psycho-social medical model. Biological factors interact with the social and psychological factors. We should think highly of not only biological factor but also social factor and psychological factor in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tumor. It is an important mission of medical workers to carry out new medical model in clinical practice.

Discussion on the Social Factors Influencing Therapeutic Effects of Drugs / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the social factors influencing therapeutic effects of drugs.METHODS:The relevant literature were reviewed and collected to analyse the causes of social factors in influencing therapeutic effects of drugs.RESUL_ TS&CONCLUSION:The efficient amse in affecting actions of drugs is abuse of drugs.In order to avoid the abuse of drugs,we should strengthen the management of drug circulation,establish mechanisms of fair competition and management of OTC,in supervising clinical physicians and guarding against the abuse of drugs.

The clinical analysis of the related index of the caesarean section and the obstetric quality / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To give clinical evaluation to the caesarean section caused by social factor and get information for raising the quality of obstetric. Methods:The retrospective analysis was practiced on the obstetric quality index of the caesarean section caused by social factor and non-social factors in our institution from 2003.01 to 2003.12. The caesarean birth rate, social factor causing caesarean birth rate and forceps birth rate in 1994, 1999 and 2003 in our institution were compared. Results:The caesarean birth rate was 54.53% and the social factor causing caesarean birth rate was16.08% in 2003. The operation duration, postoperative fever days and bowel movement recovery duration of social factor group were longer than those of non-social factor group significantly(P0.05). Comparing 2003 with 1994 and 1999, the caesarean birth rate, social factor causing caesarean birth rate and forceps birth rate were different significantly(P