ABSTRACT
Resumo: Este artigo se propõe a examinar, na oportunidade do centenário de nascimento (1920) e de 45 anos de publicação de A revolução burguesa no Brasil (1975), a originalidade da interpretação de Brasil esboçada por Florestan Fernandes, especialmente em categorias como "ordem social", essencial para compreender nosso passado e para esboçar novos grandes painéis interpretativos de processo e de história. Para entender essa complexa trama, é fundamental mergulhar no particularíssimo método de investigação e exposição do autor, bem como confrontá-lo com sua vivência e formação na época do Brasil pós-1930 até a conjuntura de publicação do livro.
Abstract: This article aims to examine, in the 25 years anniversary of the release of The bourgeois revolution in Brazil (1975) and the centenary of Florestan Fernandes (1920), the originality of his interpretation of Brazil, especially the definition of "social order", essential to understand our past and to outline new great interpretative panels of process and history. To comprehend this complex plot, it is crucial to immerse in the author's very particular method of investigation and exposure and also correlate with his experience living in 1930 until the release of the book.
ABSTRACT
The Sao Paulo Declaration (1998) committed leisure professionals to extending Rights, Inclusion and Social Order in leisure customs and practice. The engine for this intervention consisted of the twin processes of globalization and cosmopolitanism. Both were seen as dissolving economic and political barriers. The Declaration did not make use of the term 'world society'. On the other hand it clearly defined itself to be part of a global movement that addressed leisure for all. In the last 20 years, the progress made n fulfilling the terms of the Declaration has been disappointing. Economic barriers of wealth inequality and uneven development in globalization and cosmopolitanism have blocked many aspects of the Rights, Inclusion and Order articulated in the Declaration. This paper examines how far globalization and cosmopolitanism have progressed in achieving the principle that 'all persons have the right to leisure.' It examines data on wealth inequality, debt and unemployment rates to consider some of the concrete impediments. It concludes by maintaining that there is a need to go beyond the Sao Paulo Declaration by addressing the economic and political barriers that currently prevent leisure from being a right for all.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Statements , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Leisure ActivitiesABSTRACT
Los estudios desarrollados sobre la cuestión del súperyo en el momento adolescente, reconocen la posibilidad y la necesidad de distanciamiento del sujeto frente a esta figura, dejando no obstante abiertas las preguntas por los mecanismos de esta operación. En este artículo, se propone una lectura de esta problemática, mediante el análisis del vínculo entre el trabajo de posicionamiento adolescente frente al orden social instituyente y el trabajo de la sublimación en el sujeto. Con este propósito se propondrá comprender las posibilidades del sujeto de posicionarse éticamente frente a lo real, a partir de la construcción de un espacio subjetivo de transición, traducción y narración.
Os estudos desenvolvidos sobre a questão do supereu na adolescência reconhecem a possibilidade e a necessidade de distanciamento do indivíduo frente a esta aparência, deixando, ainda assim, abertas as perguntas sobre os mecanismos desta operação. Neste artigo, é proposta uma leitura dessa problemática, mediante a análise do vínculo entre o trabalho do posicionamento adolescente em relação à ordem social instituída e o trabalho da sublimação no indivíduo. Com esse propósito, a proposta será compreender as possibilidades de a pessoa posicionar-se eticamente frente à realidade, a partir da construção de um espaço subjetivo de transição, interpretação e narração.
Studies about the superego in adolescence acknowledge the possibility and need to distance individuals from this appearance; nevertheless, they leave certain questions unanswered regarding the mechanisms inherent to this behavior. This paper proposes a review of this issue through analysis of the bond between the process of teenage positioning regarding established social order and the process of sublimation in individuals. To this end, we suggest understanding individuals' ability to position themselves ethically facing reality, based on the establishment of a subjective place of transition, interpretation and narration.
Les études menées autour de la question du surmoi lors de l'adolescence reconnaissent la possibilité et le besoin d'établir une distance entre le sujet et ce concept, laissant néanmoins ouvertes les questions relatives aux mécanismes régissant cette manœuvre. Cet article propose une lecture de cette problématique par l'analyse du lien entre le travail de positionnement de l'adolescent face à l'ordre social instituant et le travail de la sublimation chez le sujet. C'est dans ce but que notre propos vise à comprendre les possibilités du sujet de se positionner de manière éthique face au réel à partir de la construction d'un espace subjectif de transition, de traduction et de narration.
Die Studien, die sich mit dem Über-Ich in der Adoleszenz befassen, bestätigen die Möglichkeit und Notwendigkeit der Distanzierung des Individuums vom Über-Ich, lassen jedoch Fragen zu den Mechanismen dieses Vorgangs offen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt einen Ansatz zu diesem Problem, wobei der Zusammenhang zwischen der Positionierung des Jugendlichen innerhalb der bestehenden gesellschaftlichen Ordnung und der Sublimierung des Subjekts analysiert wird. Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht es uns, die allfälligen ethischen Stellungnahmen des Individuums zur Realität zu verstehen, wobei zu diesem Zweck ein subjektiver Raum für den Übergang, die Auslegung und die Narration geschaffen wird.