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RESUMEN El enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 constituye un desafío para los profesionales de la salud en Cuba esencialmente con los cuidados a la población. El trabajo tiene como objetivo describir el desempeño social del especialista en Medicina General Integral en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio que evidenció el desempeño social de este especialista en el enfrentamiento epidemiológico a la COVID-19.
ABSTRACT The confrontation with COVID-19 constitutes a challenge for health professionals in Cuba, essentially with care for the population. The objective of the work is to describe the social performance of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine in the confrontation with COVID-19. A study was carried out that showed the social performance of this specialist in the epidemiological confrontation with COVID-19.
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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la presentación de un programa de intervención en habilidades cognitivas de solución de problemas interpersonales en niños con diagnóstico de TDAH, con sus resultados preliminares. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo-explicativo con un diseño cuasiexperimental pretest-postest con grupo único. La muestra estuvo compuesta por seis niños con diagnóstico de TDAH. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas, entre el pre- y el post- test en el instrumento que evalúa habilidades cognitivas de solución de problemas interpersonales. Se concluye que el programa implementado en niños con TDAH promovió cambios positivos con un incremento en habilidades cognitivas de solución de problemas interpersonales.
The aim of this work was the presentation of a program of intervention in cognitive skills of interpersonal problem solving in children with a diagnosis of ADHD, with its preliminary results. It is a descriptive-explicative study with a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with unique group. The sample consisted of six children with a diagnosis of ADHD. The results show statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test in the instrument that evaluates cognitive abilities to solve interpersonal problems. It is concluded that the program implemented in children with ADHD promoted positive changes with an increase in cognitive interpersonal problem-solving skills.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Problem Solving , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Cognition , Interpersonal Relations , Early Intervention, EducationalABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy of family therapy in the treatment of adolescent depression and improvement of social performance.Methods 86 adolescent depressive patients were divided into drug therapy group(group A,n =43) and drug combined with family therapy group (group B,n =43) according to the order of inclusion.They were all treated for 12 weeks.Before and after the treatment,they were all evaluated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-24),Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) and Youth Self-Report scale(YSR).The changes of scores were compared with each other.Results The average scores of HAMD,PSP and YSR in group B before and after treatment was (27.30 ± 4.60) (81.47 ± 1.87) (73.28 ± 1.30) and (15.36 ±3.60) (12.61 ± 2.10) (9.46 ±2.80) (6.30 ± 2.20),(82.76 ± 1.09) (84.51 ± 1.32) (86.51 ±1.32) (92.05 ± 1.72),(71.42 ± 1.45) (69.09 ± 1.33) (67.47 ± 1.47) (64.23 ± 1.90) respectively.The average scores of HAMD,PSP and YSR in group A before and after treatment was (26.90 ± 5.10) (81.45 ± 1.85)(73.26 ± 1.28)and (19.42 ±2.90)(16.43 ±2.60)(13.50 ±3.80)(7.60±2.80),(82.00 ±1.14) (83.67 ±1.23) (85.88 ± 1.27) (87.98 ± 1.35),(72.84 ± 1.29) (70.07 ± 1.26) (68.84 ± 1.54) (66.02 ± 1.55) respectively.The difference of the scores after two-week treatment was significant statistically (P＜ 0.05).The difference of the deduction rate of the scores after four-week treatment was significant statistically (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Family therapy has better and faster efficacy in the treatment of adolescent depression,and it can significantly improve their social performance.
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El objetivo de este trabajo fue construir y presentar evidencia preliminar sobre la validez y confiabilidad de una escala para medir la disposición al conocimiento y al cambio emocional (EACCE), en estudiantes universitarios. A partir de una muestra de 91 participantes, se validó una escala de 33 ítems con formato Likert, con una consistencia interna evidenciada a partir de un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,899 y 3 factores que explican un 41 por ciento de la varianza total. Adicionalmente, el instrumento mostró que las mujeres obtienen una mejor disposición al conocimiento y al cambio emocional que los hombres, y que los estudiantes de psicología tienen mejor disposición que los estudiantes de ingeniería. Los resultados muestran que el instrumento propuesto tiene características psicométricas suficientes como para continuar con el estudio de su validación.
The aim of this study was to construct and present preliminary evidence on the validity and reliability of a scale to measure willingness for knowledge and emotional change (EACC) in university students. From a sample of 91 participants, validated a scale of 33 items with Likert format, with an Cronbach's alpha of 0.899 and 3 factors that explaining 41 percent of the total variance. In addition, the method showed that women express a greater openness towards learning and emotional change than men while psychology students showed more willingness than engineering students. The results show that the proposed instrument has sufficient psychometric properties to continue the study of validation.
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Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Social Adjustment , Knowledge , Emotions , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Students/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Chile , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
A dificuldade no desempenho social de adolescentes com Síndrome de Down (SD) geralmente está associada com déficits em habilidades sociais que prejudicam o estabelecimento e a manutenção de relações com outras pessoas, podendo desencadear processos de frustração e isolamento. Diante desse problema, neste estudo se teve como objetivo apresentar uma alternativa de trabalho que pudesse evidenciar o valor da dança educacional para a interação social de adolescentes com SD. Para alcançar esse objetivo, desenvolveu-se estudo exploratório utilizando a estratégia metodológica da redução eidética, ou das essências, como princípio básico do método fenomenológico, o que resultou em embasamento teórico capaz de sustentar a percepção de distinções e contrastes entre os indivíduos, apontando para uma forma especial de inteligência a ser utilizada como uma maneira de entender e orientar o próprio comportamento, a partir da teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas (IM) de Howard Gardner, pressupondo-se que podem criar espaços de interações multiculturais e facilitar o desempenho social de indivíduos com SD em diferentes aspectos de suas vidas.
The difficulty of social development of adolescents with Down Syndrome (DS) is generally associated with deficits in social ability prejudicing the establishment and maintenance of relations with other persons, and can lead to processes of frustration and isolation. Considering this problem, this study aims at presenting an alternative work that could show the value of educational dance in the social interaction of adolescents with DS. To reach this objective an exploratory study was developed, using the strategic methodology of eidetic reduction or of the essentials as the basis of phenomenological method, which results in a theoretic basis able to sustain the perception of distinctions and contrastsamong individuals, indicating a special form of intelligence to be utilized as a way of understanding and orientating behavior itself, considering the theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) of Howard Gardner, presupposing that it could create spaces of multicultural interaction, and facilitate the social behavior of individuals with DS in different aspects of their lives.
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Humans , Adolescent , Dancing/education , Social Planning , Down SyndromeABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP-CHN) in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 165 out-patients and in-patients meeting the DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia were entered in the study.Ten of subjects was included the intra-rater reliability training.The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) was regarded as the' gold standard' to investigate the validity of PSP-CHN,and the Positive and Negative Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of disease to explore the correlative validity,in the other 155 subjects.Five to seven days after the first PSP-CHN interview,the second PSP-CHN was evaluated by another investigator to assess the test-retest reliability among 66 subjects.Twenty-seven subjects with the score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) more than 60 were followed up for 8 weeks of standardized pharmacotherapy.By the end of 8 week of treatment,the PANSS and PSP-CHN were assessed again to explore the sensitivity of PSP-CHN.Results:The internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.84) and the inter-rater reliability (κ value=0.56,ICC=0.94 for PSP-CHN total score) were good.The test-retest reliability was high [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95].The scale showed good construct validity with statistically significant correlations with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) (ICC of 0.95).The PSP-CHN score had a good negative correlation with the PANSS total score(r=-0.79,-0.57,-0.63 and -0.71,respectively,P<0.01).After 8 week treatment,PSP-CHN total score was increased with the improvement of PANSS,and the responder showed higher increasing of PSP-CHN total score (21.2) than those partial responder(10.2),significantly.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the PSP-CHN is a convenient and valid instrument to assess the personal and social functions of stabilized and acute patients with schizophrenia.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to validate the Clinical Global Impression 5-factor (CGI-5 factor) scale and Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP), which are brief clinical global scales to assess the psychological symptoms and psychosocial functioning in patients with psychosis. METHODS: The CGI-5 factor scale is composed of 5 items: CGI-Positive, Negative, Depressive, Excitement, and Cognitive. Concurrent validity and sensitivity to change were evaluated by comparing the CGI-5 factor scale with Positive and Negative syndrome Scale (PANSS) 5-dimension. Concurrent validity of PSP was compared with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score and Psychosocial functioning (PSF) scales composed of selected items from Quality of Life Scale (QLS), Functional Analysis of Care Environments (FACE), and Social-Adaptive Functioning Evaluation (SAFE). A total of 63 inpatients were enrolled in this study. To evaluate inter-rater reliability, 20 patients were assessed by two investigators. RESULTS: The correlations between the CGI-5 factor scale and PANSS were significant on admission (0.5070.86) were in moderate to substantial range. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the validity and reliability of the CGI-5 factor scale and PSP. Given its simplicity and brevity, these can be used to evaluate global symptoms and psychosocial functioning of psychotic patients in routine clinical practice.
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Humans , Inpatients , Psychotic Disorders , Quality of Life , Reproducibility of Results , Research Personnel , Weights and MeasuresABSTRACT
CONTEXTO: A necessidade de avaliar o comprometimento de aspectos funcionais em transtornos psiquiátricos tem assumido crescente importância, particularmente no que se refere ao estudo da esquizofrenia. O funcionamento social deficiente é considerado na atualidade um importante sintoma da esquizofrenia. Vários instrumentos de mensuração para o acompanhamento da reabilitação desses pacientes foram desenvolvidos até o momento. OBJETIVO: Este artigo discute a avaliação do comprometimento do funcionamento social na esquizofrenia. MÉTODO: Resultados de recentes revisões da literatura são resumidos e discutidos. RESULTADOS: Vários estudos têm abordado a importância da análise da performance social e pessoal na esquizofrenia. Essa avaliação tem se mostrado uma medida de desfecho confiável em estudos clínicos e programas de reabilitação. CONCLUSÃO: O DSM-III apresentou uma proposta inovadora com a divisão diagnóstica multiaxial, onde foi incluído o eixo V com o objetivo de avaliar o funcionamento global de pacientes com transtorno mental. Atualmente, encontramos esse eixo atualizado no DSM IV com a proposta do uso de escalas mais precisas para a prática clínica. A escala de Performance Social e Pessoal (PSP) desenvolvida por Morosini et al. (2000) é considerada útil e prática e tem servido como instrumento de mensuração no processo de reabilitação e os resultados das intervenções farmacológicas de pacientes com esquizofrenia.
BACKGROUND: The assessment of functioning disability in patients with mental disorders and mainly in schizophrenia has increased in the last years. The social function impairment is nowadays recognized as an important symptom of schizophrenia. Many tools to measure social function impairment have been developed. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the assessment of functioning disability in schizophrenic patients. METHOD: The results of recently reported reviews of the literature are summarized and commented. RESULTS: Several studies have evaluated the importance of Personal and Social Performance assessments in schizophrenia. These assessments have been shown as a reliable outcome measure in clinical trials and rehabilitation programs. CONCLUSION: Axis V has been inserted to the multiaxial system in DSM-III for assessing global function in mental disorders. DSM-IV has brought axis V up to date with improvements of accurate scales for clinical practice. Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) was developed by Morosini et al. (2000). PSP is a useful and practical scale for assessing rehabilitation and pharmacology interventions in schizophrenic patients.
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Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Schizophrenia/rehabilitationABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the degree of stress state and the risk factors related to in 967 white collar workers and 275 blue collar workers buy using Psycosocial Well-being Index. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the white collar workers and blue collar workers, young age, low education and low income groups had high scores of stress, while in white collar workers, female had high scores of stress but in blue collar workers male had high scores of stress. 2. According to psychosocial well-being index, mild stress state were 73.9% and 53.1%, high risk stress state were 8.9% and 44.4%, and healthy state were 17.2 and 2.6% in white collar and blue collar workers respectively. 3. The total stress score was highly associated with the factors of depression, social performance and self-confidence, general well-being and vitality, and sleeping disturbance and anxiety in order. 4. In reliability test of stress factors, Cronbach's coefficients of depression, social performance and self-confidence, general well-being and vitality, and sleeping disturbance and anxiety were 0.89, 0.81, 0.79, and 0.74 respectively. In conclusion, it suggested that age, sex, marital status, income, education, sleeping time, smoking and exercise habit were associated with stress score, all of above factors should considered to occupational health.