ABSTRACT
La sintomatología depresiva es frecuente en el embarazo y repercute en el posparto y en el vínculo madre-bebé. Se reportan los resultados de una intervención grupal de 5 sesiones para reducir la sintomatología depresiva y promover una adecuada sensibilidad materna. Participaron 134 embarazadas con antecedentes de depresión (grupo experimental = 88 y grupo control = 46). Se evaluó sintomatología depresiva (Inventario para la Depresión de Beck), resolución de problemas sociales (Inventario de Resolución de Problemas Sociales Abreviado), sensibilidad materna, cooperatividad infantil y riesgo vincular (Índice Experimental de Relación Niño-Adulto) en ambos grupos. Se observó una reducción significativa de la sintomatología depresiva, así como un incremento de las habilidades para la resolución de problemas sociales en el grupo intervenido. Este grupo muestra también puntajes significativamente mayores en sensibilidad materna y cooperatividad infantil, así como menores frecuencias de riesgo vincular en la evaluación postintervención. Se discute la relevancia de desarrollar estrategias de intervención durante el embarazo, considerando su impacto en la sensibilidad materna, en la calidad de las interacciones madre-bebé y en las habilidades de las madres para resolver problemas.
Depressive symptoms are frequently observed during pregnancy, and these affect the mother and her relationship with her baby during the post-partum period. Results are reported on a 5-session group intervention for reducing depressive symptoms and promoting maternal sensitivity. The participants included 134 pregnant women with a history of depression (experimental group = 46 and control group = 88). Depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), social problem-solving strategies (Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised), maternal sensitivity, infant cooperativeness and bonding risk (Child-Adult Relatinoship Experimental Index) were assessed in both groups. The group intervened showed a significant reduction of depressive symptoms and an improvement of social problem-solving strategies. This group also shows significantly higher scores in maternal sensitivity, and infant cooperativeness, as well as lower frequencies of bonding risk in the post-intervention assessment. The importance of considering intervention strategies during pregnancy, including its impact on maternal sensitivity, the quality of mother-baby interactions and the problem-solving abilities of the mothers, is discussed.
ABSTRACT
Purpose： The aim of this study was to create a list of psycho-social problems and solutions for patients with pancreatic cancer by applying the social problem-solving process. Methods： A semi-structured interview of approximately 1 hour was conducted on two occasions. The participants were 17 patients with pancreatic cancer. Results： Psycho-social problems were divided into two themes: “facing the future uncertainty” and “facing the effects of treatment received”. A list of problems and solutions was created for each problem theme. Realistic goals for “facing the future uncertainty” were ‘maintaining this living condition （n=7）’, ‘preparing for changes to the environment （n=5）’, ‘keeping a sense of control over my own life （n=5）’ and ‘dealing with anxiety （n=3）’. Realistic goals for “facing the effects of treatment received” were ‘restoring the self of pre-illness（n=2）’. Conclusion： For seemingly unsolvable problems, patients can formulate realistic goals that they want to have clarified, and then the problems can be recaptured as solvable problems.
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the moderating effect of social problem-solving (SPS) in the association between risk factors and peer victimization in a sample of Colombian adolescents. Using structural equation modeling techniques, this study assessed the extent to which changes in victimization varied as a function of the interaction between risk factors and social problem-solving. Results showed that both aggression and avoidance were predictive of initial scores on victimization, but only avoidance was found to predict its change over time. Only a main effect of SPS was found at the beginning of the year; no moderating effects were found. Results are consistent with previous findings by confirming that avoidance and aggression are risk factors for peer victimization.
Este estudio examinó el rol moderador de la habilidad para resolver problemas sociales (SPS) en la asociación entre factores de riesgo y la victimización, en una muestra de adolescentes colombianos. Mediante el uso de técnicas de ecuaciones estructurales se evaluó qué tanto cambió la victimización a lo largo del tiempo, en función de la interacción entre factores de riesgo y la SPS. Los resultados mostraron que la agresión y la evitación son factores de riesgo y predicen puntajes iniciales en la victimización. Sin embargo, únicamente la evitación predijo los cambios de dicha variable en el tiempo. Adicionalmente, se encontró un efecto de la SPS en la victimización al inicio del año escolar, pero no se encontraron efectos moderadores. Los resultados son consistentes con estudios previos en los que se observa que la evitación y la agresión son factores de riesgo en la victimización.
Este estudo examinou o papel moderador da habilidade para resolver problemas sociais (SPS) na associação entre fatores de risco e a vitimização, em uma amostra de adolescentes colombianos. Mediante o uso de técnicas de equações estruturais, avaliou-se quanto a vitimização ao longo do tempo mudou, em função da interação entre fatores de risco e a SPS. Os resultados mostraram que a agressão e a evitação são fatores de risco e predizem pontuações iniciais na vitimização. Contudo, unicamente a evitação prediz as mudanças de dita variável no tempo. Adicionalmente, constatou-se um efeito da SPS na vitimização ao início do ano escolar, mas não se encontraram efeitos moderadores. Os resultados são consistentes com estudos prévios nos quais se observa que a evitação e a agressão são fatores de risco na vitimização.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between depression and cognitive-behavioral characteristics of caregivers using social problem solving inventory (SPSI), social support or conflict scale (SSS or SCS) and somatic symptoms (SS). METHOD: Fifty five couples of brain-injured patients and caregivers participated in this study. We conducted a questionnaire survey of caregivers with Beck depression index (BDI), SPSI, SSS, SCS and SS for cognitive-behavioral characteristics. And also we studied demographic factors of patients and caregivers, clinical features of brain-injured patients, care- giving duration and time per day through interview and review of medical records. The statistical analyses were performed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis-stepwise method. RESULTS: BDI of the caregivers showed a negative correlation with SPSI, SSS, patients' MMSE and caregivers' education level, also a positive correlation with SCS, SS and patients' GDS (p<0.05). And married caregivers showed more depressive mood (p<0.05). Of these factors, the most influencing factors on BDI were GDS and SCS through linear regression analysis (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: MMSE, GDS and education level as cognitive- mental factors rather than physical and economic strain had a statistical correlation with depression of caregivers. Especially, SPSI, SSS and SCS as cognitive-behavioral characteristics should be considered on evaluation of depression of caregivers and will be helpful for successful rehabilitation for patients and caregivers.