Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with depressive tendencies in general Japanese men and women: NIPPON DATA2010

BACKGROUND@#The gender-specific characteristics of individuals at an increased risk of developing depression currently remain unclear despite a higher prevalence of depression in women than in men. This study clarified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of subclinical depression in general Japanese men and women.@*METHODS@#Study participants were residents not receiving psychiatric treatments in 300 sites throughout Japan in 2010 (1152 men, 1529 women). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for socioeconomic factors and lifestyle factors were calculated using a logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#Risk of depressive tendencies was significantly higher in men who were single and living alone (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.56-6.88) than those married. The risk was significantly lower in women who were not working and aged ≥ 60 years (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22-0.68) and higher in men who were not working and aged < 60 years (OR, 3.57; 95%CI, 1.31-9.72) compared with those who were working. Current smoking was also associated with a significantly increased risk of depressive tendencies in women (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.68-5.22) but not in men.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were associated with an increased risk of depressive tendencies in general Japanese. Related factors were different by sex.

Between Don Quixote and Hamlet: vicissitudes of contemporary Cultural Psychiatry / Entre Don Quijote y Hamlet: vicisitudes de la Psiquiatría Cultural contemporánea

Abstract: Background: Although Cultural Psychiatry (CP) has emerged as a significant discipline and body of knowledge in recent decades, it finds itself in a current intense debate about its identity, its contributions, and its future. Objective: To examine conflictive areas of historical, epistemological, clinical, educational, and research interest in the present and future development of CP. Method: A narrative review of outstanding sources, articles, and textbooks on CP that reflect its current vicissitudes; for each area, adequate quotations of Cervantes' Don Quixote and Shakespeare's Hamlet are used. Results: In addition to updating definitions and content, discussions about whether CP is a psychiatric subspecialty, the scope of its diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic applications, evaluation of criticisms and strengths, interactions with other disciplines, as well as reflective speculations about its future, are outlined. Discussion and conclusion: CP is considered the receptacle of many disciplines, the last bastion of humanistic medicine in a globalized world, although its development will always be marked by scholarly debates about contexts, meanings, identities, and competencies regarding its ontological and epistemological components.

Resumen: Antecedentes: La Psiquiatría Cultural (PC) es una disciplina y cuerpo de conocimiento de creciente significación en décadas recientes que, sin embargo, es actualmente materia de un debate intenso acerca de su identidad, sus contribuciones y su futuro. Objetivo: Se examinan áreas de conflicto en aspectos históricos, epistemológicos, clínicos, educacionales y de investigación. Método: Revisión narrativa de fuentes relevantes, artículos y textos que reflejan las actuales vicisitudes de la PC; se utilizan citas referenciales apropiadas de Don Quijote, de Cervantes, y Hamlet, de Shakespeare, en tanto que perspectivas opuestas y/o complementarias. Resultados: Además de actualizaciones de definición y contenidos, se discute si la PC es una subespecialidad psiquiátrica, y se revisan sus aplicaciones diagnósticas, clínicas y terapéuticas; sus críticas y méritos; su interacción con otras disciplinas y reflexiones en torno a su futuro. Discusión y conclusión: La PC es el receptáculo de muchas disciplinas, el último bastión de una medicina humanística en un mundo globalizado, pero su futuro estará marcado siempre por debates académicos acerca del contexto, los significados, las identidades y las competencias respecto a sus componentes ontológicos y epistemológicos.

Hollingshead e Redlich: a pesquisa sobre classe social e doença mental cinquenta anos depois / Hollingshead and Redlich: research on social class and mental illness fifty years after

O artigo analisa o livro Social class and mental illness: a community study, de A.B. Hollingshead e F.C. Redlich, na marca dos cinquenta anos de sua publicação. Destaca o papel desses pesquisadores que, de formações distintas (sociologia e psiquiatria), fizeram parte do grupo pioneiro que nos anos 1950 iniciou a construção da sociologia médica. O cuidadoso trabalho metodológico e o fato de abordarem tema inédito garantiram a originalidade de seu projeto. Aborda a pesquisa e sua importância para a sociologia e a psiquiatria, com ênfase nos estudos sobre classe social, utilizando como principais fontes as bibliográficas, análises críticas feitas à obra e estudos afins.

O pioneirismo de Louis Le Guillant na reforma psiquiátrica e psicoterapia institucional na França: a importância do trabalho dos pacientes para a abertura dos hospícios / The pioneering spirit of Louis Le Guillant on Psychiatric Reform and Institutional Psychotherapy in France: the importance of the work of patients for the opening of the hospices

O artigo apresenta elementos da vida e da obra do psiquiatra francês Louis Le Guillant relativos às suas contribuições no campo da nascente Psicoterapia Institucional / Reforma Psiquiátrica na França, em particular nas décadas de 1940 e 1950. O método baseou-se em busca exaustiva da produção escrita de Le Guillant, de seus críticos, de psiquiatras próximos a ele e da geração seguinte, analisando cada um dos textos referidos, cruzando as informações entre si e, sempre que necessário, com a história da França e internacional no século XX. Demonstra que ele exerceu uma prática e levantou questões teóricas que podem ajudar a compreender problemas que se enfrentam hoje na Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, no que diz respeito a temas como saúde, trabalho, moradia, organização, entre outros. Deste modo, este artigo busca colaborar para conhecer parte da riqueza da obra deste autor, insuficientemente conhecido

This article presents elements of life and work of French psychiatrist Louis Le Guillant for their contributions in the field of young institutional psychotherapy / Psychiatric Reform in France, particularly in the 1940s and 1950s. The method was based on exhaustive search of the written production of Le Guillant, its critics, of psychiatrists coming to him and the next generation, examining each of these texts, crossing the information among themselves and, where necessary, with the history of the France and the international in the twentieth century. Shows that he had a practical and theoretical issues raised that can help understand on problems that are facing today in the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, regarding issues such as health, work, housing, organization, among others. Thus, this paper works to know that wealth of works by this author are insufficiently known

Estimation of the Size of the Severe and Persistent Mentally Ill in Korea: Through Two Community Surveys / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the number of serious and persistent mentally ill patients in Korea. METHODS: Study populations were recruited from medical insurance data of two district areas one rural and the other urban areas. Subjects were all mentally ill who had ever visited any hospital in 1993 and were diagnosed as having psychosis, personality disorder and drug abuse. We conducted a home visiting survey applying semi-structured diagnostic interview, assessing the level of social adjustment with Strauss-Carpenter Scale, and past psychiatric history by the trained researchers, in October and November, 1994. RESULTS: According to diagnostic assessment, schizophrenic patients constituted the major portion(61.1%) of study subjects. The distribution of occupational functions and social contacts was variable according to diagnosis. Most schizophrenic patients were unemployed or worked less than 6 months in the previous year(67.2%), and showed poor social contact(72.3%). But affective disorder patients were relatively independent in job maintenance and social relationship. Alcoholic patients lay between those of schizophrenic and affective disorder groups. It was estimated that about 87,000 adult Koreans were suffering from chronic mental disorders which seriously interfere with their daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Serious and persistent mentally ill patients were common in Korea. Community support program should be provided for them.