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Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) se ha extendido entre la población de todo el país y ha tenido un gran impacto a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, existen diferencias geográficas importantes en la mortalidad de COVID-19 entre las diferentes regiones del mundo y en Costa Rica. Objetivo: Explorar el efecto de algunos de los factores sociodemográficos en la mortalidad de COVID-19 en pequeñas divisiones geográficas o cantones de Costa Rica. Métodos: Usamos registros oficiales y aplicamos un modelo de regresión clásica de Poisson y un modelo de regresión ponderada geográficamente. Resultados: Obtuvimos un criterio de información de Akaike (AIC) más bajo con la regresión ponderada (927.1 en la regresión de Poison versus 358.4 en la regresión ponderada). Los cantones con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad por COVID-19 tuvo una población más densa; bienestar material más alto; menor proporción de cobertura de salud y están ubicadas en el área del Pacífico de Costa Rica. Conclusiones: Una estrategia de intervención de COVID-19 específica debería concentrarse en áreas de la costa pacífica con poblaciones más densas, mayor bienestar material y menor población por unidad de salud.
Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread among the population of Costa Rica and has had a great global impact. However, there are important geographic differences in mortality from COVID-19 among world regions and within Costa Rica. Objective: To explore the effect of some sociodemographic factors on COVID-19 mortality in the small geographic divisions or cantons of Costa Rica. Methods: We used official records and applied a classical epidemiological Poisson regression model and a geographically weighted regression model. Results: We obtained a lower Akaike Information Criterion with the weighted regression (927.1 in Poisson regression versus 358.4 in weighted regression). The cantons with higher risk of mortality from COVID-19 had a denser population; higher material well-being; less population by health service units and are located near the Pacific coast. Conclusions: A specific COVID-19 intervention strategy should concentrate on Pacific coast areas with denser population, higher material well-being and less population by health service units.
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Background: Foot ulcers are considered as a serious complication, especially for patients with diabetes. People with diabetes and people with peripheral vascular disease are more likely to develop foot ulcers. If an infection occurs in an ulcer and is not treated in the proper way, it can develop into cellulitis, osteomyelitis, or gangrene that may require some part of the toe, foot, or lower leg to be amputated. The aim of this study was to find the socio-demographic, clinical, and diabetes status of foot ulcer patients. Material & Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, during the period from March 2012 to August 2012. In total 100 patients with foot ulcers in the different surgical units of the mentioned hospital were enrolled in this study as study subjects. Data from the study regarding age, sex, occupation, smoking habit, and socio-demographic condition were recorded in the prescribed questionnaire. The purposive sampling technique was used for this study. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated using MS Excel and SPSS version 23 programs as necessary. Results: In this study, the male-female ratio of the participants was 2:1. The maximum number of patients (42%) were from the age of 51-60 years and the highest number of patients were housewives (28%), followed by farmers (22%). Among the total male patients, 87.88% were smokers. Low HDL was found in 51% of patients and 68% of patients had been suffering from diabetes mellitus,18% from Buerger’s disease and 6% from atherosclerosis, and 8% from malignant foot ulcer. Most of the diabetic patients (95.59%) were hyperglycemic on admission and 55.88% had diabetes for 6-10 years. On admission, 3 patients (4.41%) had controlled blood sugar and 65 patients (95.59%) had uncontrolled blood sugar. Conclusion: The frequency of foot ulcers among the male population was higher than that in females. Concerning occupation of the patients, housewives and farmers were the most prevalent. Smokers were most affected groups among the study population. Pre-diagnosed diabetes mellitus for a long period was one of the major clinical issues in most of the patients. Uncontrolled blood sugar was also seen in majority of the patients regarding clinical background.
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Backgrounds: Gynecological cancers are significant and probable life-threatening diseases that harm patients' physical and psychological health. The leading cause of death in female抯 psychological problems like depression endure and can cause an extra burden during their treatment. Therefore, this study helps evaluate depression and well-being among gynaecological malignancies. Methods: Women's depression was evaluated by a standardized CES-D Scale and QOL by WHOQOL Bref scale, a sample of 100 women with cancers admitted at HSK and Kerudi cancer hospital, Bagalkot was selected using a purposive sampling technique, descriptive survey design was adopted. Statistical data were tested and scrutinized using descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: 100% of women had moderate depression. The mean percentage of depression score was 61.45% with mean and SD (37�9). Of the women, 71 % had moderate, 21%had poor, and 8% had good QOL. The mean percentage of QOL of women was 48.1% with mean and SD (62.5�.1). A Strong relation was found between depression scores with your family members known to you (?=4.52, p<0.05), Area of residence (?=3.88, p<0.05), and whether you have undergone previously any surgery for the treatment of cancer (?=8.93, p<0.05). No association was found between QOL scores with study variables. A Negative correlation (r=-0.27, p<.05) was found between depression and Total QOL scores. Conclusion: Most patients have moderate depression and moderate QOL. This study is effective in identifying depression and QOL
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Background: One of the utmost prominent illnesses in India is thyroid disease, and it has a significant impact on women of childbearing age. Various metabolic processes are regulated by the thyroid gland. Therefore, any abnormalities in this organ may cause those physiological functions to become dysfunctional. The postpartum period and pregnancy both frequently include thyroid problems. Method: Total 50 women are included as the sample. A convenient sampling method was used. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to gather information, and Chi-square analysis was used to uncover the relationship between knowledge about thyroid disorders with socio-demographic factors. Result: The post-test results show that 50% of women were having good knowledge and 42% of women were having average knowledge. According to the pre-test, (68%) of women had inadequate knowledge and (32%) average knowledge. The computed knowledge 憈�-value (14.05) for the degree of freedom 49 and 0.05% level of significance was considerably greater than the table value (1.96). As a result, the planned teaching method worked. Conclusion: After evaluation of knowledge on the subject of thyroid disorders, it was found that most women had average knowledge regarding thyroid disorders. As a result, research has shown that STP was quite helpful in raising women's awareness of thyroid issues.
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Background: RTA are the sixth leading cause of death in India with a greater share of hospitalization, disabili-ties, deaths and socio-economic losses. The study was conducted to assess the socio-demographic determi-nants associated with households’ economic burden among RTA victims. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted for 2 years in Puducherry employing simple random sampling to include 169 accident victims. Baseline data was collected with a semi-structured questionnaire on socio-demographic details, direct and indirect costs towards road traffic injuries. Follow up was at 6th and 12thmonth from the day of accident. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi-data. Written informed consent from each participant was sought. Ethical clearance received. Results: Mean age of the accident victims was 36.2 (11.4) years. The median (IQR) for direct, indirect and to-tal expenses were INR 1500 (1000-22100), 18000 (2400-46500) and 3000 (1037-47125) respectively. Asso-ciation between the median (IQR) indirect expenses and marital status as well as socio-economic status of vic-tims were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Accident victims and their family faced financial burden, as a large proportion of victims were from productive age group belonging to lower- and middle-class income group
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Background and Objective@#A positive family functionality is a significant factor to a good quality of life in the elderly. This study sought to determine the factors that contribute to family dysfunction among community-dwelling older persons.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was done among community-dwelling elderly ages 60 years old and above through the outpatient department of a tertiary government hospital. A researcher-assisted interview was done to gather socio-demographic factors such as age, sex, family type, and, GDS-S score, and family APGAR. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to determine the association of the said socio-demographic factors and likelihood of depression through GDS-S with family function through family APGAR.@*Results@#Among the 309 respondents, the average age of respondents was 69 years(SD=6.53), with female predominance of 61.8%, and a higher frequency of older persons belonging to an extended family. The mean GDS-S score is 1.69(SD=1.83), with a frequency of 13.9%. A very minimal percentage of 8.06% (25, N=309) showed to exhibit family dysfunction. Regression studies revealed association of advancing age, and female sex with family dysfunction. The type of family, and GDS-S are not significantly associated with family dysfunction.@*Conclusion@#Advancing age and female sex are associated with family dysfunction. There is no specific family type that is significantly associated with family dysfunction. Likelihood of depression does not necessarily imply family dysfunction in an elderly.
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@#Introduction: In Malaysia, the undiagnosed diabetes prevalence has increased. Socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional status play a crucial role in prediabetes development. Hence, this cross-sectional study aimed to identify the socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional status of adults at risk of T2DM in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Methods: A total of 30 participants at risk of T2DM aged 18 to 59 years old were recruited from Kuala Nerus using a convenience sampling method. Information on socio-demographic, anthropometric, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, clinical profile, Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool (FINDRISC) score, dietary intake, and physical activity level were obtained. Results: The participants (mean age: 36.1 ± 8.7 years) were mostly female (76.7%), Malay (96.7%), married (43.3%), had a tertiary degree (60.0%), and were working (83.3%) with a monthly salary of less than RM 1000. Half of the participants were from the obese class I category. Their FPG level was 5.6 ± 0.5 mmol/L and half of them were classified as having optimal blood pressure. Also, they had a mean FINDRISC score of 6.3 ± 1.8. The participants consumed 2073 ± 247 kcal/day, which was comprised of 50.8% carbohydrate, 16.1% protein, and 33.1% fat. Most of them (63.3%) were minimally active. Conclusion: The participants had moderate T2DM risk with normal FPG level, blood pressure, and heart rate. They had excessive energy and fat intake with insufficient dietary fibre intake. It is vital to examine the socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional status, which can provide important information for planning future cost-effective T2DM preventive strategies.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the dynamic response relationship between urban development and mortality rate in Shanghai， and to predict the trend of mortality rate changes. MethodsBy analyzing the total mortality rate （TMR）， gross domestic product （GDP） and socio-demographic index （SDI） in Shanghai from 1978 to 2017， a vector autoregressive （VAR） model was constructed to evaluate the impact of urban development on the mortality rate. ResultsThe fitted R2 of the VAR model was 0.92. The short-term effect of GDP on the improvement of death level was negative， while the long-term effect was positive， and the SDI was negative regardless of the short-term and long-term effects. By the tenth year， GDP and SDI contributed 10.61% and 27.25% to TMR changes， respectively. The model predicted that the mortality rate in Shanghai would be 9.17 per thousand by 2030. ConclusionLong-term economic growth can effectively promote a decline in population mortality. However， as the economy develops vigorously， the adverse effects of declining birth rates and population aging on population health during the era of high-level population development should not be ignored.
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Objective To investigate the trends in the disease burden of schistosomiasis worldwide and in China, and Zimbabwe from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide insights into the formulation of the schistosomiasis control strategy in Zimbabwe. Methods Based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) data sources, the age-standardized prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate of schistosomiasis were compared in the world, China, and Zimbabwe and the trends in the disease burden of schistosomiasis from 1990 to 2019 were investigated using Joinpoint regression analysis. In addition, the associations between the burden of schistosomiasis worldwide and in China and Zimbabwe from 1990 to 2019 and socio-demographic index (SDI) were examined using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The age-standardized prevalence, mortality, and DALY rate of schistosomiasis were 1 804.95/105, 0.14/105 and 20.92/105 in the world, 707.09/105, 0.02/105 and 5.06/105 in China, and 2 218.90/105, 2.39/105 and 90.09/105 in Zimbabwe in 2019, respectively. The global prevalence, mortality, and DALY rate of schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a decline with age in 2019, while the prevalence and DALY rate of schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a sharp rise followed by a fluctuating decline in both China and Zimbabwe, and the mortality of schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a rise. The age-standardized prevalence [average annual percent change (AAPC) = −1.31%, −2.22% and −6.12%; t = −20.07, −83.38 and −53.06; all P values < 0.05)] and DALY rate of schistosomiasis (AAPC = −1.91%,−4.17% and −2.08%; t = −31.89, −138.70 and −16.45; all P values < 0.05) appeared a tendency towards a decline in the world, China and Zimbabwe from 1990 to 2019, and the age-standardized mortality of schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in the world and China (AAPC = −3.46% and −8.10%, t = −41.03 and −61.74; both P values < 0.05), and towards a rise followed by a decline in Zimbabwe (AAPC = 1.35%, t = 4.88, P < 0.05). In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that the age-standardized prevalence (r = −0.75, P < 0.05), mortality (r = −0.73, P < 0.05), and DALY rate of schistosomiasis (r = −0.77, P < 0.05) correlated negatively with SDI in the world, China and Zimbabwe from 1990 to 2019. Conclusions The disease burden of schistosomiasis appeared a remarkable decline in China from 1990 to 2019, and the prevalence of schistosomiasis showed a tendency towards a decline in Zimbabwe from 1990 to 2019; however, the mortality and DALY rate of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe topped in the world. A schistosomiasis control strategy with adaptations to local epidemiology and control needs of schistosomiasis is needed to facilitate the elimination of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe.
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El riesgo de abuso sexual contra niños, niñas y adolescentes es un problema generalizado de salud pública y de derechos humanos que enfrentan todos los países. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar si las características sociodemográficas, el riesgo de violencia y los patrones de personalidad del perpetrador podrían predecir futuros episodios de abuso sexual infantil. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal-correlacional en 32 personas privadas de la libertad (PPL) en un establecimiento penitenciario en Lima, Perú. Se utilizó la Ficha Sociodemográfica, el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II y la Guía de Valoración del Riesgo de Violencia. Los participantes tenían una edad promedio de 41,5 ± 8,50 años; la mayoría mantenía una relación: convivientes (31,3%) y casados (21,9%); y tiene secundaria completa (56,3%). Los trastornos de personalidad predominantes fue-ron el dependiente (56,3%) y el compulsivo (84,4%). El 79% presentó riesgo moderado de violencia futura. Existen correlaciones modera-das y fuertes entre las variables de estudio; y la regresión logística multivariada reveló que la edad y algunos trastornos de personalidad podrían ser predictores del riesgo de abuso sexual infantil. Estos hallazgos son de utilidad para realizar perfiles delictivos de futuros agresores o reincidentes; y contribuyen al diseño de programas de prevención y tratamiento.
The risk of sexual abuse against children and adolescents is a widespread public health and human rights problem facing all countries. This study aims to determine whether socio-demographic characteristics, risk of violence and personality patterns of the perpetrator could predict future episodes of child sexual abuse. A descriptive cross-sectional-correlational study was conducted in 32 persons deprived of liberty (PPL) in a penitentiary establishment in Lima, Peru. The Sociodemographic Form, the Millon's Multiaxial Clinical Inventory II and the Violence Risk Assessment Guide were used. Participants had an average age of 41.5 ± 8.50 years; most were in a relationship: cohabiting (31.3%) and married (21.9%); and had completed secondary school (56.3%). The predominant personality disorders were dependent (56.3%) and compulsive (84.4%). Seventy-nine per cent were at moderate risk of future violence. There are moderate and strong correlations between the study variables; and multivariate logistic regression revealed that age and some personality disorders could be predictors of child sexual abuse risk. These findings are useful for criminal profiling of future offenders or repeat offenders; and contribute to the design of prevention and treatment programmes.
O risco de abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes é um problema generalizado de saúde pública e de direitos humanos enfrentado por todos os países. Este estudo visa determinar se as características sociodemográficas, o risco de violência e os padrões de personalidade do perpe-trador poderiam prever futuros episódios de abuso sexual infantil. Um estudo descritivo de corte transversal foi realizado em 32 pessoas privadas de liberdade (PPL) em um estabelecimento pe-nitenciário em Lima, Peru. Foram utilizados o Formulário Sociodemográfico, o Inventário Clínico Multiaxial II da Millon e o Guia de Avaliação de Risco de Violência. Os participantes tinham uma idade média de 41,5 ± 8,50 anos; a maioria estava em uma relação: coabitada (31,3%) e casada (21,9%); e tinha concluído o ensino médio (56,3%). Os distúrbios de personalidade predominantes eram dependentes (56,3%) e compulsivos (84,4%). Setenta e nove por cento estavam em risco moderado de violência futura. Há correlações moderadas e fortes entre as variáveis do estudo; e a regressão logística multivariada revelou que a idade e alguns distúrbios de personalidade poderiam ser preditores do risco de abuso sexual infantil. Estas descobertas são úteis para a caracterização criminal de futuros infratores ou reincidentes; e contribuem para a concepção de programas de prevenção e tratamento.
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Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Personality , Sex Offenses , Violence , Child Abuse, Sexual , Peru , CriminalsABSTRACT
Introduction :Birth weight is one of the most important criteria for determining neonatal and infant survival and is considered a sensitive index of the nation's health and development. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines low birth weight (LBW) as “Birth weight less than 2500 grams” regardless of gestational age, the measurement being taken preferably within the first hour of life. 1)ToObjectives : estimate the prevalence of LBW among sample population at tertiary care hospital. 2)To study the distribution of newborns, according to socio-demographic characteristics of the mother and its association with LBW. A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 newborns betweenMethod: December 2020 and November 2021. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. The data were collected from the case file and face-to-face interview. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. Prevalence of low birth weight was 29.2%. Majority 271Results: (54.2%) of newborn mothers' age group was between 21 to 25 years. More than half 272 (54.4%) newborns were from mothers who studied up to primary level education and more than three forth 389 (77.8%) were from mothers who were housewives. Majority 293 (58.6%) of newborns were from the urban area, around three forth 382 (76.4%) newborns were Hindu and nearly two fifth 194 (38.8%) newborns belonged to lower middle class. Prevalence of low birth weight was significantly higher in mothers aged >35 andyears ?20 , who were illiterate, doing labour work and belonging to lower socio-economic class.years Conclusion: The prevalence of Low Birth Weight was 29.2% among sample population. Socio-demographic variables like maternal age >35 years 20 years, illiteracy, labour work and lower socio-economic class, ? had shown significant risk for delivering Low Birth Weight babies.
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Background: Suicide is the self-inflicted human act of intentional cessation of one’s own life. Different psychological attributes like anxiety disorder, major depression, adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder, alcohol use disorder, and even schizophrenia are considered some major risk factors for suicide. It is said that previous history of suicidal attempts is associated with an increased risk for future suicide. Prior concepts regarding the psychological attributes and socio-demographic characteristics of completely suicidal victims may be helpful in preventing suicidal occurrences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological attributes and socio-demographic characteristics of completely suicidal victims.Material & Methods:This observational study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barisal, Bangladesh during the period from July 2017 to June 2019. A total 87 completed suicidal cases were included as study subjects. Besides forensic investigation report related more data were collected from the concerned police departments. As per the exclusion criteria of this study, when refusal was encountered or the family of a suicide victim could not be traced, those cases were rejected. Data were analyzed regarding suicide and its relationship with various socio?demographic variables, significant family history, and mental illness.Results:In this study, among a total of 87 victims, 45% were male and 55% were female. The mean ±SD age of the victims was 23.56±11.51 years. The majority of the victims were married which was 48%. The majority of our victims (76%) had achieved a primary or above level of education and 79% lived with someone whereas only 21% lived lonely. The majority of the victims were unemployed (51%). In this study, 48%, 36%, and 16% of victims were from lower-, middle- and upper-class families respectively. The majority of the victims were with major depression which was in 59% an7% of victims were with alcohol use disorder which was also noticeable. Besides these adjustment disorder (13%), schizophrenia (10%), anxiety disorder (9%), and bipolar disorder (6%) were found in some cases. In total 7 cases were found without any psychological attribute.Conclusion:Females are dominating in number among completed suicidal victims. As per the findings of this study we can conclude that younger people are vulnerable to the suicidal incidence in Bangladesh. The frequency of suicidal incidence among married people is alarming. Government as well as socio-economic policymakers should take necessary steps to ensure proper treatment for depressive patients as well as to control alcohol addiction among the younger population.
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Background- Antenatal depression is affecting 10% pregnant women worldwide with higher prevalence in developing countries. This causes poor maternal and foetal outcome and also affects cognitive development of the child. Aim and objective: To estimate magnitude of antenatal depression and its risk factors. Methodology- A cross-sectional survey was done at the antenatal clinic of community health department catering to an urban resettlement colony, East Delhi. Estimated sample size was 216 (including 10% non-response rate). Pregnant women attending the ANC clinic from October 2019 to February 2020 were enrolled. EPDS questionnaire was used to assess depression during pregnancy. Results-The antenatal depression was found in 11.8% subjects as per EPDS score. Working female and belonging to Muslim religion, past history of abortion, complications in previous pregnancy, financial debt, physical violence and substance use in family showed significant association with antenatal depression. Conclusion –Depression was prevalent among antenatal women and was found to be associated with various risk factors.
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Background: COVID-19 pandemic quickly became significantly major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality over the next years till date in an unforeseen manner. Aims and Objectives: Our study aims at unfolding the sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of this disease, based on a metropolitan dedicated tertiary care hospital of India. Materials and Methods: Along with patient particulars, we recorded sociodemographic data, presenting symptoms, vital parameters, and blood parameters based on a pre-designed questionnaire, followed by complication analysis for 101 patients. Written consent was taken from each of the respondent before the interview and ethical approval was taken from Institution Ethics Committee (IEC) of Medical College and Hospital. [(Ref No. MC/KOL/IEC/Non-Spon/842/11/2020), Date- 5/11/2020]. Results: This study justified the trend of already available data such as median age of presentation (40–69 years), higher urban population (85.1%), higher rate of infection in health-care professionals (12.9%), and in patients with poor socioeconomic status. It revealed increased community transmission (74.3% with no definitive exposure), higher number of symptomatic cases admission (89.1%) with most common symptoms being fever (46%), shortness of breath (45%), sore throat (32%), and cough (26%). Hypertension (48%) and diabetes (34%) were major comorbidities in patients who were also proportionally more symptomatic and experienced more adverse effects compared to non-comorbid patients. A major chunk of the patients (46.53%) required some form of oxygen support for their treatment. Most common adverse effect was disseminated intravascular coagulation (23.76%) among which 67.74% had one or more comorbidities. We also reported slightly higher number of deaths (6.9%) compared to what other similar studies found. Conclusion: History of probable exposure was not a sole risk factor of acquiring infection, that is, community transmission was evident. Healthcare professionals were at high risk of getting infected, persons with comorbidity are at the highest risk of developing symptoms as well as complications.
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Abstract Objective To determine knowledge, attitude, and preventive (KAP) practices towards the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic among women in reproductive age seeking to use copper or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUD/LNG-IUS). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we applied a questionnaire on 400 women about KAP practices on COVID-19 at the University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil, from May to August 2020. Results The mean (±SD) age of the women was 30.8±7.9 years, and 72.8% of them reported being pregnant at least once. Most women (95%) had heard or read about COVID-19, and their main sources of information were television (91%) and government websites (53%). However, 53% of the women had doubts about the veracity of the information accessed. Conclusion Women without a partner and with>12 years of schooling had more information about COVID-19 and on its impact on new pregnancy, and those from high socioeconomic status had a higher chance of maintaining physical distance. Safety, effectiveness, comfort, and absence of hormone in the contraceptive method (in the case of TCu380A IUD) were the main reasons for the participants to seek the service during the pandemic, and the possibility to stop menstrual bleeding was the main reason to choose the LNG-IUS.
Resumo Objetivo Determinar o conhecimento, atitude e práticas preventivas (CAP) em relação à pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) entre mulheres em idade reprodutiva que buscam usar dispositivo intrauterino com cobre (DIU TCu 380) ou sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel (SIU-LNG). Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal e um questionário foi aplicado a 400 mulheres para conhecer o CAP sobre o COVID-19 na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil, no período de maio a agosto de 2020. Resultados A média (±DP) de idade das mulheres foi de 30,8±7,9 anos, e 72,8% delas relataram ter engravidado pelo menos uma vez. A maioria das mulheres (95%) tinha ouvido ou lido sobre a a Covid-19, e suas principais fontes de informação foram a televisão (91%) e sites do governo (53%). Porém, 53% das mulheres tinham dúvidas a respeito da veracidade das informações acessadas. Conclusão Mulheres sem companheiro e com mais de 12 anos de escolaridade tiveram mais informações sobre a COVID-19 e sobre o seu impacto em uma nova gravidez, e aquelas de nível socioeconômico alto tiveram maior chance de manter distância física. Segurança, eficácia, conforto e ausência de hormônio no método anticoncepcional (no caso do DIU TCu380A) foram os principais motivos para as participantes procurarem o serviço durante a pandemia, e a possibilidade de controlar o sangramento menstrual abundante foi o principal motivo para a escolha do SIU-LNG.
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Humans , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Levonorgestrel , COVID-19 , Sociodemographic Factors , Intrauterine DevicesABSTRACT
The leprosy elimination at national level was achieved in India in December 2005, however, Chhattisgarh is the only State yet to achieve same at State level and reported highest ANCDR/100000 population, i.e., 29.7 as on 31st March 2020. The efforts of the National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) are admirable wherein several initiatives introduced in phased manner since 2015, but there is need to understand the local scenario for effective control of this chronic disease in Chhattisgarh. This study conducted to identify various socio- demographic, behavioural, environmental factors associated with leprosy occurrence in high endemic district named Raipur. A community-based case control study design was adopted with inclusion criteria for cases as diagnosed, confirmed, and classified leprosy patients as per the WHO recommendation and NLEP Guidelines and controls as matched with cases' sex, age, (excluding the family members) and inhabiting same local area. Total 448 cases and 439 controls were interviewed from the district, after stratification of blocks based on G2D percentage among new cases detected & distribution of the sample (meant to be drawn from district) in proportion to the new cases reported by each stratum during year 2019. Data regarding socio-demographic profile, personal practices, disease profile & case history was collected through 2 different predesigned schedules. Descriptive, stratified analysis was performed along with chi square test score calculation for each variable. Further, bivariate & multinomial logistic regression was done to calculate adjusted odds ratio (for religion, age, caste, gender, education, occupation, residential area, family income) as measure of association. Low education level, absence of windows and safe water supply in household, use of same towel by multiple family members and history of contact with leprosy patients in family/ friends were found to be significantly associated with leprosy occurrence. The interventions targeted against these factors, i.e., emancipation of education level, IEC for hygiene, ventilation etc. may help in curbing the leprosy transmission in this high endemic district and other districts facing the same menace.
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Background: Cancer is a challenge for majority of population抯 health-related quality of life (HRQoL), compromising their physical health and emotional well-being. QoL is equally distributed among different social groups. The aim of this study to analyze the impact of clinical characteristics and social determinants of health on the QoL of a cohort of persons diagnosed and/or treated for cancer. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 155 with various stages of cancer at different stages of their disease. Data were obtained using questionnaires QLQ-C30 from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), which include a set of functional and symptomatic scales. We conducted descriptive and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test, Anova Test and adjusted for relevant variables using logistic regression. The dependent variables were the functional scales of QoL and the independent variables were socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results: Among the participants, 80(51.6%) were male and 75(48.4%) were female and majority 66(42.6%) in between the age of 40-60 years. Large proportion of patients were diagnosed with Oral cancer 67(43.2%), and Breast cancer 23(14.8%), and the clinical stages during the beginning of therapy were maximum at stage II a 104(67.1%). The mean of global health status/QoL was 52.34 (SD= 23.34). Quality of life was found to be significantly associated with some functional scales as role functioning (P?0.001), social function, (P=0.00), and symptom scales as pain (P=0.00), loss of appetite (P=0.004) and financial impact (P=0.02) as well as associations were noted in relation to socio demographic characteristics. Women from the most disadvantaged class, and showed the poorest results for most of the function scales. In contrast, age, education, occupation and social status had differential effects depending on the function studied. The highest functional status was cognitive functioning (54.58�.68). Conclusions: The cancer diagnosis has become more prevalent and carries significant changes to the method of living with physical and emotional changes in term of quality of life (QoL) because of inconvenience, torment, disfigurement, reliance and loss of confidence. In addition, addressing the unmet needs of these patients and ensuring higher satisfaction rate are recommended to maintain adequate HRQoL.
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Abstract This study evaluated the influence of socio-demographic, clinical, and parental psychological factors on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and determined their predictors in preschool-aged children with traumatic dental injury (TDI). The study sample consisted of 324 dyads of children and their parents attending the Clinics of Pediatric Dentistry at Istanbul University. After clinical examination, the Sense of Coherence (SOC), Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale, and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale-MHLC questionnaires were administered to the parents. The statistical analyses included Spearman correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, multiple linear regression, and confirmatory factor analysis. Having mixed TDI, a non-nuclear family, fewer children, and weak parental SOC were important predictors of worse overall OHRQoL and its sections of child and family. Lower internal health locus of control and dental pain due to TDI were predictors of worse overall OHRQoL and child impact, respectively. Consideration of these predictors may help oral health professionals to develop prevention and treatment programs for TDI and oral health literacy programs for families.
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Aim: To study the sociodemographic factors, clinical features and treatment outcome of patients with amebic liver abscess. Methods: Prospective analysis of 163 consecutive patients with liver abscesses (mean age 39.5 years, 140 males). Amoebic aetiology was determined by various combinations of history of dysentery, radiological appearance, aspirated pus study, amebic serology, colonoscopy findingsand response to treatment. Sociodemographic factors associated with amoebic liver abscess included education, income, eating hygiene and alcohol consumption. All patients were treated with fine needle pus aspiration and intravenous metronidazole for at least 7 days. Results: 109(63.9%) abscesses were treated in the first 5 years. Antecedent diarrhoea was present in 27 (16.6%). 146 patients (89.6%) took nitroimidazoles frequently. Jaundice, mostly mild, occurred in 35%.E. histolytica was demonstrated in stool in 11 patients (6.7%) and in aspirated pus in 35 patients (21.5%). Serology was positive (>1:160) in 53(32.5%) patients and was related to abscess size > 10 cm, presence of amoeba in pus and stool and positive colonoscopy findingsbut not to the number of abscesses. Colonoscopy revealed colitis in 21(12.9%) and caecal mass in 7(4.3%). All patients had prompt symptom relief with treatment without recurrence. 80% belonged to the lower middle class hailing from rural areas. 128(78.5%), all males, consumed 60 – 80 ml indigenously brewed liquor daily and they had poor personal and eating hygiene with higher antibody levels. 32 patients (19.6%) drank potable water. Conclusion: Though decreasing, amebic liver abscess continues to afflict heavy alcohol drinkers of lower socioeconomic strata, living in unhygienic conditions. Alcohol might influence seropositivity. Aspiration irrespective of size gives a lasting cure.
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@#Introduction: Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most serious health problems in developing countries. This study aims to explore the comparative figure of vitamin A knowledge, household consumption frequency of vitamin A-rich foods, and association of socio-demographic factors with knowledge and consumption in four residential areas in Tangail district, Bangladesh. Methods: This study used a population-based cross-sectional design with 400 study participants selected using purposive sampling technique. Knowledge and consumption frequency were assessed by a structured questionnaire along with food frequency table. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Only 33.5% participants had primary vitamin A knowledge, where most from urban (48.5%) and semi-urban (30.6%) areas had comparatively higher knowledge than those from rural (11.2%) and slum (9.7%) areas. Specific knowledge level was also poorer in rural and slum areas than urban and semi-urban areas. Most of the participants received knowledge through commercial advertisements (65.7%). Household consumption frequency of vitamin A-rich foods (plant and animal) was comparatively lower in rural and slum areas than in urban and semi-urban areas. Different socio-demographic factors (place of residence, education and household income) significantly influenced participant’s vitamin A knowledge and household consumption of vitamin A-rich foods (p<0.05). Conclusion: In general, the study population lacked knowledge regarding the importance of vitamin A. Consumption frequency of vitamin A-rich foods was still poorer in slum and rural areas than in urban and semi-urban areas.