Analysis on cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers of 15 provinces in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers aged ≥18 years in China,to explore the influence of population economic factors on them.Methods A total of 3 367 farmers,including fishermen or hunters,aged ≥ 18 years were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015.Basic information (age,gender),data on anthropometric (body height,weight and waist size),blood biochemical and socioeconomic (occupation,income,education level and living area) were included.According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005,five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity,increased triglycerides,decreased HDL-C,increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose.Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors.Results In 3 367 framers of 15 provinces (autonomous region and municipality),the prevalence rates of central obesity,increased blood pressure,increased plasma glucose,increased triglycerides and decreased HDL-C were 51.8％,59.0％,17.0％,25.5％ and 38.7％ respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks for central obesity (OR=3.69,95％CI:3.17-4.28) and decreased HDL-C (OR=3.28,95％CI:2.81-3.82) were higher in women than in men,and the risks for increased blood pressure (OR=0.73,95％ CI:0.63-0.84),increased blood glucose (OR=0.80,95％ CI:0.67-0.97) were lower in women than in men.Age was positively correlated with the prevalence or co-prevalence of metabolic risk factors (trend P＜0.05).Framers in western China had obviously lower risk for central obesity compared with farmers in central China.No significant correlation was found between farmers' income level,education level or the prevalence of metabolic risk factors.Conclusion In 15 provinces of China,the prevalence of at least 1 kind of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 85.5％ of the farmers,and the co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 60％ of farmers.The prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with age and gender.It is suggested to take targeted nutritional intervention and health education according to the distribution characteristics of prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic factors and strengthen the early prevention and control programs of the diseases.

Analysis on cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers of 15 provinces in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers aged ≥18 years in China,to explore the influence of population economic factors on them.Methods A total of 3 367 farmers,including fishermen or hunters,aged ≥ 18 years were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015.Basic information (age,gender),data on anthropometric (body height,weight and waist size),blood biochemical and socioeconomic (occupation,income,education level and living area) were included.According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005,five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity,increased triglycerides,decreased HDL-C,increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose.Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors.Results In 3 367 framers of 15 provinces (autonomous region and municipality),the prevalence rates of central obesity,increased blood pressure,increased plasma glucose,increased triglycerides and decreased HDL-C were 51.8％,59.0％,17.0％,25.5％ and 38.7％ respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks for central obesity (OR=3.69,95％CI:3.17-4.28) and decreased HDL-C (OR=3.28,95％CI:2.81-3.82) were higher in women than in men,and the risks for increased blood pressure (OR=0.73,95％ CI:0.63-0.84),increased blood glucose (OR=0.80,95％ CI:0.67-0.97) were lower in women than in men.Age was positively correlated with the prevalence or co-prevalence of metabolic risk factors (trend P＜0.05).Framers in western China had obviously lower risk for central obesity compared with farmers in central China.No significant correlation was found between farmers' income level,education level or the prevalence of metabolic risk factors.Conclusion In 15 provinces of China,the prevalence of at least 1 kind of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 85.5％ of the farmers,and the co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 60％ of farmers.The prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with age and gender.It is suggested to take targeted nutritional intervention and health education according to the distribution characteristics of prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic factors and strengthen the early prevention and control programs of the diseases.

The Effect of Socio-Economic Factors on Occupational Injuries in Korea: A Time Series Analysis / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: We performed a time series analysis in order to identify the relationship between the occupational injury rate and socio-economic factors, and through this predict the occupational injury occurrence rate. METHODS: We reviewed 168 sets of monthly data. For the statistical analysis, we used the economic index data provided by Statics Korea and the occupational injury index provided by the Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service gathered from 1994 to 2007. We performed a correlation analysis to find relationship between the occupation injury rate and economic factors. Using the correlation analysis result, we used time series analysis for the data in order to find out the association between occupational injuries and socio-economic indicators. We performed time series analysis to find out association occupation injury rate with socio-economic factors. In addition we ran a prediction occupational injury rate for 2008 and compared the result to the actual value. RESULTS: The factors associated with occupational injuries were the daily worker index (b=0.394, p<0.0001), the mechanical index (b=-0.023, p=0.0043), the manufacturing operation index (b=0.152, p<0.0001), the workers compensation coverage expansion (b=1.189, p=0.015), the IMF index (b=-2.05, p<0.0001), and the after IMF index (b=-1.565, p=0.01). The daily worker index, manufacturing operation index, and workers compensation coverage expansion had an effect that increased the occupational injury rate. Conversely, the mechanical index and IMF variable tended to decrease the occupational injury rate. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the daily worker index, manufacturing operation index, workers compensation coverage expansion, and IMF variables are related factors in regards to occupational injury.

Influência de fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos no padrão de respiração: um estudo piloto / Influence of socio-economic and demographic factors in determining breathing patterns: a pilot study

A respiração representa uma das funções vitais do organismo cujo desequilíbrio causa uma série de alterações em vários órgãos e sistemas. OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência de fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos na determinação do padrão de respiração. Forma de Estudo: transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Amostra de 143 crianças de 9 a 10 anos, de duas escolas da cidade do Recife-PE, uma particular e a outra pública. O diagnóstico da respiração foi feito pelos testes placa de Glatzel e tempo de água na boca. Avaliaram-se os fatores socioeconômicos mediante entrevista com formulário contendo 9 perguntas. A análise estatística envolveu os testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fischer; o nível de significância foi de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de respiração oral foi de 55.2 por cento, mais elevada no sexo feminino (57,7 por cento) e na escola pública (67,2 por cento). A falta de assistência médica (62 por cento), o menor uso de medicamentos (56,6 por cento), pais com escolaridade até 1º grau incompleto, pais separados (66 por cento), escolares que não moravam com os pais (68,7 por cento) e nas residências de um quarto (72 por cento), o percentual da respiração oral foi mais elevado. Apenas o tipo de escola apresentou associação significativa com o padrão de respiração. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de respiração oral foi elevada, sem diferenças entre os sexos e faixa etária. Com exceção do tipo de escola, não houve associação significativa entre as variáveis socioeconômicas e o padrão de respiração.

Breathing represents one of the vital functions of the organism, and its unbalance causes some series of alterations in several organs and systems. AIM: Verify the influence of socio-economic and demographic factors in determining breathing patterns. Study design: cross-sectional. MATERIALS AND METHODS: there were 143 students in the sample, with ages ranging from 9 and 10 years, from two schools, public and private, in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. Breathing patterns were established through two tests: Glatzel Plate (Steam) and water time in the mouth. Socio-economic factors were evaluated through questionnaires with nine questions each. Statistics were carried out by means of the Chi-Squared test or Fisher’s Exact test and the significance level used was of 5 percent. RESULTS: Oral breathing prevalence was of 55.2 percent, higher among females (57.7 percent) and in public schools (67.2 percent).Lack of medical care (62 percent), less use of medications (56.6 percent), parents with educational levels lower than high school, divorced parents (66 percent), students that do not live with their parents (68.7 percent) and homes with only one room (72 percent), in all of those situations, oral breathing signs were more prevalent. Only school type had significant association with the breathing pattern. CONCLUSION: High levels of oral breathing without differences concerning gender and age. With the exception of school type, there was no association between breathing pattern and socio-economic factors.

Escenario de desarrollo eléctrico en Cuba considerando la opción nuclear / Scenario of electricity development in Cuba including nuclear power

El uso de electricidad en el país ha mantenido un crecimiento sostenido en los últimos años. Con los programas de la revolución energética que se realizan con vistas a elevar el nivel de vida de la población, se espera un crecimiento más acelerado en el uso de la electricidad, aun cuando se introduzca equipamiento más eficiente que el explotado actualmente. En este trabajo se analizó el incremento que tendrá el uso de la electricidad teniendo en cuenta estos programas de desarrollo y la introducción de la energía nuclear como una opción para el suministro de la misma. A partir de las opciones de desarrollo previstas en el tema energía, se estudiaron dos posibles escenarios de cubrimiento de la demanda de electricidad. El primero basa el suministro de electricidad en tecnologías fósiles y el segundo estudia la posibilidad de utilizar en el futuro reactores nucleares modulares de lecho de bolas de nueva generación. Además se incluyeron en el segundo escenario tecnologías renovables y ciclos combinados de gas. Se realizó el análisis de los resultados y se emitieron conclusiones.

The electricity use in the country has maintained a sustained growth in the last years. Due to the programs to enhance the population life being, within the energy revolution program carrying out in the country, a faster growth in the electricity use is expected; even with the introduction of more efficiency equipment. In this paper the increment in the electricity usage taking into account theses programs and the introduction of nuclear power, as an option to meet the electricity demand, were analyzed. Two supply scenarios to meet the electricity demand, which include the energy development options foreseen, were studied. In the first one the electricity supply is based on fossil fuel technologies and the second one the introduction of the new generation of Pebble Bed Modular Reactor is analized. Moreover, in the second scenario, renewable technologies and combined cycles of gas were considered. The results are analyzed, and conclusions were drawn.