Reporte preliminar de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con hemopatías malignas: experiencia de un hospital universitario

Introducción: debido a su amplia diversidad clínica y biológica, es de gran importancia para el médico conocer cómo se presentan los pacientes diagnosticados con una hemopatía maligna. Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de una hemopatía maligna que consultaron en un Hospital Universitario de Paraguay. Metodología: estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico, de casos consecutivos. Se incluyó a pacientes adultos, de ambos sexos, registrados en el archivo de Hematología del Hospital de Clínicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (Paraguay), con diagnóstico confirmado por anatomía patológica de una neoplasia hematológica, según la clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, durante el periodo comprendido entre enero 2019 y agosto de 2021. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Resultados: se estudió a 129 pacientes. El 58 % correspondía al sexo masculino. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 50,3±17,38. La mayoría de los pacientes procedía del Departamento Central de Paraguay (56,58 %). La mayoría de los pacientes (n=37) fue diagnosticado con un linfoma de tipo no Hodgkin o con una neoplasia con origen en células plasmáticas (n=32). El tiempo promedio de aparición de los síntomas hasta la consulta fue de 3,5 meses. El síntoma más reportado fue la astenia (35 %). La palidez fue el hallazgo positivo más frecuente al examen físico. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial (39,44 %) y la diabetes mellitus (15,59 %). Discusión: el paciente típico con una hemopatía que consulta en el Hospital de Clínicas es hombre, mayor de 50 años, proveniente del Departamento Central, consulta por astenia, presenta palidez al examen físico y ha tardado más de 3 meses en consultar. Se le ha diagnosticado un linfoma no Hodgkin y tiene comorbilidades cardiovasculares o metabólicas.

Introduction: due to their wide clinical and biological diversity, it is of great importance for the physician to know how patients diagnosed with a hematological malignancy present. Objective: to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with a hematological malignancy who consulted at a University Hospital in Paraguay. Methods: observational, retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases. We included adult patients, of both sexes, registered in the Hematology file of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Asunción (Paraguay), with diagnosis confirmed by pathological anatomy of a hematological neoplasm, according to the classification of the World Health Organization, during the period from January 2019 to August 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were studied. Results: 129 patients were studied. Fifty-eight percent were male. The mean age of the patients was 50.3±17.38. Most of the patients were from the Central Department of Paraguay (56.58 %). Most of the patients (n=37) were diagnosed with a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or a neoplasm with plasma cell origin (n=32). The average time from symptom onset to consultation was 3.5 months. The most reported symptom was asthenia (35%). Pallor was the most frequent positive finding on physical examination. The most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension (39.44%) and diabetes mellitus (15.59%). Discussion: the typical patient with a hemopathy who consults at the Hospital de Clínicas is male, over 50 years of age, from the Central Department, consults for asthenia, presents pallor on physical examination and has taken more than 3 months to consult. He has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and has cardiovascular or metabolic comorbidities.

Organizational support perceived in Mexican workers in the service sector / Apoyo organizacional percibido en trabajadores mexicanos del sector de servicios

Abstract Perceived Organizational Support refers to workers evaluating their workplaces and creating a general perception on whether their contributions are considered worthy by the organization. Employees who consider that the organization values what they contribute and ideas exchanging, also showing concern for their well-being, are people with better job performance, less absenteeism and higher expectations about rewards for their work. Perceived Organizational Support is increasingly recognized as an important factor in worker's performance and research has shown that it could be related to various sociodemographic and economic variables. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between Perceived Organizational Support with sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, educational level, suffering from chronic illness and paternity / maternity; and also economic variables such as years of work, salary, type of economic activity, organization size and hierarchical level in Mexican workers of the service sector. Sample included 294 workers from 27 different organizations, who answered Perceived Organizational Support and sociodemographic and economic characteristics surveys. Results show that only organization size obtained significant differences, being organizations with many employees where more support is perceived compared to small companies or institutions. The rest of the variables did not show significant differences, which represents that Perceived Organizational Support is not related to age, gender, educational level, suffering from chronic illness and paternity / maternity, years of work, salary, economic activity or the hierarchical level. Obtained evidence is discussed and recommendations for future research are proposed.

Resumen El Apoyo Organizacional Percibido refiere a la percepción general que los trabajadores crean sobre el aprecio a sus contribuciones en la organización en la que se encuentran. Los empleados que consideran que en su trabajo valoran sus aportaciones, sus ideas y su bienestar son personas con un mejor rendimiento laboral, menor ausentismo y mayores expectativas sobre la recompensa de su desempeño. Los estudios han mostrado que podría estar relacionado con diversas variables sociodemográficas y económicas de una población, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación de los diferentes niveles de apoyo organizacional percibido con las variables sociodemográficas -edad, género, nivel educativo, padecer enfermedad crónica y paternidad / maternidad- y con las variables económicas -años de trabajo, salario, tipo de actividad económica, tamaño de la organización y nivel jerárquico- de trabajadores mexicanos del sector de servicios. Estudiar esta variable con este tipo de organizaciones (actividades asociadas a la venta y entrega de servicios) es relevante, puesto que es un área económica importante y que, además, contiene a la mayor fuerza de trabajo en el mundo, y en México estos datos no son la excepción. Esta investigación tiene un diseño transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. El estudio se llevó a cabo con 294 trabajadores de 27 organizaciones de la ciudad de Colima, México. La clasificación de los lugares de trabajo se realizó acorde a las actividades económicas establecidas en el Directorio Estadístico Nacional de Unidades Económicas (DENUE), las cuales quedaron conformadas por ventas, educación, salud, alojamiento temporal, no gubernamentales y organizaciones de gobierno. Los trabajadores respondieron el cuestionario de apoyo organizacional percibido, conformado por dos dimensiones: (1) satisfacción de necesidades socioafectivas; y (2) sensación de reconocimiento. Además, contestaron otro instrumento para medir las características sociodemográficas y económicas elaborado por los autores de este estudio basados en la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE). El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo mediante descriptivos y pruebas no paramétricas (Spearman, U de Mann-Whitney y H de Kruskal-Wallis). Los resultados de las puntuaciones del cuestionario señalaron que existe una distribución asimétrica en la dimensión de satisfacción de necesidades socioafectivas, con un sesgo positivo, mientras que la dimensión de sensación de reconocimiento mostró simetría en la distribución de las respuestas. Respecto al análisis de las correlaciones realizadas sobre las variables de edad, antigüedad y salario respecto al apoyo organizacional percibido y sus dimensiones, no mostraron ser significativos. En cuanto a los análisis de diferencias muestrales, solo el tamaño de la organización obtuvo diferencias significativas, e indicó que es en los grandes lugares de trabajo en los que se percibe más apoyo de la organización en comparación con las empresas o instituciones pequeñas. El resto de las características no mostraron diferencias significativas, lo que representa que el apoyo organizacional percibido no está relacionado con la edad, el género, el nivel educativo, el padecer enfermedad crónica, la paternidad / maternidad, los años de trabajo, el salario, el tipo de actividad económica ni el nivel jerárquico. Algunos sesgos presentes en esta investigación están relacionados con la representatividad de la muestra puesto que los grupos no fueron homogéneos, ya que había un mayor número de trabajadores pertenecientes a las organizaciones de salud y educación. Futuras investigaciones podrían explorar en mayor medida la interacción de las variables de estudios con otras para una mejor comprensión. Además, sería interesante analizar las políticas y los aspectos sociales entre los tamaños de las organizaciones para establecer conclusiones más profundas respecto a las diferencias encontradas en este estudio.

Depression, somatization, and sleep disorders as risk factors for temporomandibular disorders development: a population-based case-control study / Depressão, somatização e distúrbios do sono como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de disfunções temporomandibulares: um estudo de controle de casos baseado na população / Depresión, somatización y trastornos del sueño como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos temporomandibulares: un estudio de casos y controles de base poblacional

The objective of this study was to determine the association between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with depression, somatization and sleep disorders in the city of Maringá, Brazil. A total of 1,643 participants were selected from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Of these, the test group consisted of 84 participants who had moderate or severe limitations due to TMD pain and the control group consisted of 1,048 participants with no pain. There was a highly statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between cases and controls regarding depression (82.1 versus 37.4%), somatization (84.5 versus 31.4%), and sleep disorders (84.6 versus 36.4%), in moderate to severe levels. The levels of moderate to severe depression, somatization and sleep disorders were significantly higher in TMD subjects with high TMD pain disability. The risk of developing TMD increased 4 to 5 times when the individual has moderate to severe levels of depression, somatization, and sleep disorders.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a associação entre disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) com depressão, somatização e distúrbios do sono na cidade de Maringá, Brasil. Foram selecionados 1.643 participantes atendidos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Desses, o grupo caso foi formado por 84 participantes que apresentaram limitações moderada ou grave devido à dor na DTM e o grupo controle foi formado por 1.048 participantes com ausência de dor. Verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) entre casos e controles em relação à depressão (82,1 versus 37,4%), somatização (84,5 versus 31,4%) e distúrbios do sono (84,6 versus 36,4%), em níveis moderados a graves. Os níveis de depressão moderada a grave, somatização e distúrbios do sono foram significativamente mais altos em indivíduos com DTM com alta incapacidade devido à dor por DTM. O risco de desenvolver DTM aumentou quatro a cinco vezes quando o indivíduo apresenta níveis moderados a graves de depressão, somatização e distúrbios do sono.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre los trastornos temporomandibulares (TMD) con la depresión, la somatización y los trastornos del sueño en la ciudad de Maringá, Brasil. Un total de 1.643 participantes fueron seleccionados del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) de Brasil. (SUS). De estos, el grupo de casos fue formado por 84 participantes que presentaban limitaciones moderadas o graves debido al dolor TMD y el grupo de control estaba formado por 1.048 participantes sin dolor. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p <0,001) entre casos y controles con respecto a depresión (82,1 frente a 37,4%), somatización (84,5 frente a 31,4%) y trastornos del sueño (84,6 frente a 36,4%), en niveles moderados a severos. Los niveles de depresión moderada a grave, somatización y trastornos del sueño fueron significativamente más altos en personas con TMD con alta discapacidad por dolor en TMD. El riesgo de desarrollar TMD aumenta de 4 a 5 veces cuando el individuo tiene niveles moderados a severos de depresión, somatización y trastornos del sueño.

Difference of sociodemographic characteristics among the disabled population in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study of the demographic and health survey data / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: There is an urgent need to raise awareness of the significance of the social security system for vulnerable populations in developing countries and identify the widening disparities among people with disabilities. This study determined the sociodemographic characteristics of people with disabilities in Cambodia.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey were used to determine the association between disability and sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, number of family members, residence (rural/urban), and economic status.Results: The results showed that the proportion of people with disabilities greatly increased with age. The rural-urban residence difference affected the disability proportion in univariate analysis; however, the effect was not significant after adjusting for covariables in multivariate analysis. The odds of having a disability were 0.85 times lower for the high economic status group than for the low economic status group.Conclusion: Raising awareness to expand the capacity of social support for older adults with disabilities, especially those who do not receive care from their families, may be an urgent issue in Cambodia. Therefore, a well-designed and disease-specific study is required. This study was the first to determine the sociodemographic disparities among people with disabilities in Cambodia.

Caracterização da clientela da clínica-escola de um instituto de terapia relacional sistêmica / Characterization of the clinic-school clientele of a system of relational systemic therapy

Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico da clientela de uma clínica-escola de um instituto de Terapia Relacional Sistêmica, localizado na região Sul do Brasil. Foram analisadas 315 fichas de triagem dos atendimentos que ocorreram entre janeiro de 2016 e dezembro de 2017. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva por meio do programa SPSS. Os resultados mostraram que houve predomínio de atendimentos individuais, pessoas do gênero feminino, com ensino superior completo, solteiros e com idade entre 20-29 anos. As famílias que procuraram psicoterapia estavam na fase do ciclo de vida denominada família com filhos pequenos e os casais encontravam-se na faixa etária entre 30-39 anos. As principais queixas foram: dificuldades nas relações familiares, sintomas depressivos e ansiedade, as quais somaram 44,4% do total. Este estudo permitiu refletir sobre o planejamento dos serviços de psicologia e a adequação das ações voltadas às especificidades da clientela.

This study aimed to characterize clinical and demographic profile of clients of a Psychology Clinic School of an institute of Relational Systemic Therapy, located in the South region of Brazil. A number of 315 files was analyzed from the screening process occurred between January 2016 and December 2017. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics through the SPSS program. The results showed that there was a predominance of individual patients, female, with higher education, single and age 20-29 years old. The families that searched for psychotherapy were in the stage of family with children in life cycle and couples were in the age group between 30-39 years old. The main complaints were: difficulties in family relationships, depressive and anxiety symptoms, which accounted for 44.4% of the total. This study allows reflecting about the planning of the Psychology Services and the adequacy of actions to the specifics of the clients.

Factores asociados a caídas en el servicio ambulatorio de geriatría de un hospital universitario en Bogotá (Colombia) / Factors Associated with Falls in the Outpatient Geriatric Service of a University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia / Fatores associados a quedas no serviço ambulatorial de geriatria de um hospital universitário em Bogotá, Colômbia

Resumen Introducción: las caídas en el adulto mayor influyen de manera negativa en su estado funcional y el riesgo de caídas se eleva progresivamente con la edad, por lo que es importante objetivar todos los factores de riesgo de cada paciente. El objetivo fue describir la prevalencia y los factores asociados con caídas en los pacientes del servicio ambulatorio de geriatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en Bogotá (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con pacientes valorados en la consulta externa de geriatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio desde enero de 2017 hasta diciembre de 2018. Resultados: se incluyeron 233 pacientes, en quienes se documentó una prevalencia de caídas del 44.5 %. En el análisis bivariado, las variables con asociación estadísticamente significativa fueron: la presencia de trastorno neurocognitivo mayor (TNCM) (OR: 2.31; IC 95 %: 1.28-4.18; p: 0.005), el miedo a caer (OR: 2.27; IC 95 %: 1.24-4.18; p: 0.008), un grado de dependencia moderado a total (OR: 1.93; IC 95 %: 1.11-3.35; p: 0.019) y un mal estado nutricional (OR: 1.18; IC 95 %: 1.099-3.18; p: 0.02). No obstante, en el análisis multivariado, las variables que mantuvieron la asociación fueron el TNCM (OR: 2.09; IC 95 %: 1.14-3.86; p: 0.001) y el miedo a caer (OR: 2.27; IC 95 %: 1.19-4.32; p: 0.001). Conclusión: las variables asociadas con caídas en nuestra población se relacionan con lo descrito en la literatura mundial; son necesarias intervenciones para corregir estos factores y evitar caídas, así como diseñar más estudios para detectar otros factores asociados.

Abstract Introduction: Falls in the elderly have a negative impact on functional status and the risk of falls increases progressively with age, so it is important to objectify all the risk factors of each patient. Our objective was to describe the prevalence and factors associated with falls in patients from the geriatric outpatient service of the San Ignacio University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was carried out with patients assessed in the geriatric outpatient clinic of the San Ignacio University Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. Results: 233 patients were included, documenting a prevalence of falls of 44.5%. In the bivariate analysis, the variables with a statistically significant association were: the presence of major neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) (OR: 2.31; 95 %> CI: 1.284.18; p: 0.005), fear of falling (OR: 2.27; 95 %> CI: 1.24-4.18; p: 0.008), a moderate to total degree of dependence (OR: 1.93; 95 %> ci 1.11-3.35; p: 0.019) and a poor nutritional status (OR: 1.18; 95 °/o CI: 1.099-3.18; p: 0.02). However, in the multivariate analysis, the variables that maintained the association were MNCD (OR: 2.09; 95 %> CI: 1.14-3.86; p: 0.001) and fear of falling (OR: 2.27; 95 %> CI: 1.19-4.32; p: 0.001). Discussion: The variables associated with falls in our population are related to what is described in the world literature; Interventions are necessary to correct these factors and avoid falls in our population, as well as to design more studies to detect other associated factors.

Resumo Introdução: as quedas em idosos impactam negativamente o estado funcional e o risco de quedas aumentam progressivamente com a idade, por isso é importante objetivar todos os fatores de risco de cada paciente. Nosso objetivo foi descrever a prevalência e os fatores associados às quedas em pacientes do ambulatório de geriatria do Hospital Universitário San Ignacio em Bogotá, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo descritivo com pacientes avaliados no ambulatório de geriatria do Hospital Universitário San Ignacio no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Resultados: foram incluídos 233 pacientes, documentando uma prevalência de quedas de 44,5%. Na análise bivariada, as variáveis com associação estatisticamente significativa foram: presença de trastorno neurocognitivo maior (TNCM) (OR: 2.31; IC 95%: 1,28-4,18; p: 0,005), medo de cair (OR: 2,27; IC 95%: 1,24-4,18; p: 0,008), grau de dependência moderado a total (OR: 1,93; IC 95%: 1,11-3,35; p: 0,019) e estado nutricional ruim (OR: 1,18; IC 95%: 1,099-3,18; p: 0,02); porém, na análise multivariada, as variáveis que mantiveram a associação foram TNCM (OR: 2,09; IC 95%: 1,14-3,86; p: 0,001) e medo de cair (OR: 2,27; IC 95%: 1,19-4,32; p: 0,001). Conclusão: as variáveis associadas às quedas em nossa população estão relacionadas ao que é descrito na literatura mundial; são necessárias intervenções para corrigir esses fatores e evitar quedas em nossa população, bem como desenhar mais estudos para detectar outros fatores associados.

Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de la sífilis congénita en neonatos: Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga / Clinical and epidemiological features of congenital syphilis in neonatos: Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediatrico Dr. Agustin Zubillaga

Se realizó una estudio descriptivo transversal de recolección retrospectiva de datos de 102 historias clinicas con el objetivo de describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la sífilis congénita en neonatos registrados en el Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga durante el período enero 2014 a junio 2017. Los resultados evidencian que el 52% de los neonatos eran del sexo masculino, el peso y longitud del neonato osciló entre 2501 a 4000 gramos y 46 a 55 cms, respectivamente; los neonatos pretérmino y a término tenían un tamaño adecuado; el APGAR fue normal al minuto, cinco y diez minutos. Las manifestaciones clínicas y paraclínicas más frecuentes fueron ictericia (41,2%), leucocitosis (16,7%) y periostitis (12,8%). El 78,4% de los casos presentaron VDRL no reactivo en LCR mientras que 72,5% mostraron VDRL reactivo en sangre. En conclusión, es importante aumentar el control prenatal e indicar de forma rutinaria el VDRL en sangre con la finalidad de detectar tempranamente los casos de sífilis materna y de esta manera prevenir la sífilis congénita(AU)

A descriptive, cross-sectional study, of retrospective review of data from 102 medical charts was carried out in order to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of congenital syphilis in neonates registered at the Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga during the period January 2014 to June 2017. Male sex was predominant 52%, weight and height of newborns were between 2.501 to 4.000 grams and 46 to 55 cms, respectively; preterm and term neonates were of adequate size; APGAR score was normal at one, five and ten minutes. Most common clinical and paraclinical manifestations of congenital syphilis of the neonate at birth were jaundice (41,2%), leucocitosis (16,7%) and periostitis (12,8%). 78,4% had non-reactive VDRL in cerebrospinal fluid while 72,5% had reactive VDRL in blood. In conclusion, it is important to increase prenatal control and screen for maternal syphilis in order to detect early cases and prevent congenital syphilis(AU)

The Sociodemographic Characteristics of Nonpalpable Testes in Children Undergo Laparoscopy Surgery in Bangladesh

Objectives: In this study our main aim is to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of non-palpable testes in childrenundergo laparoscopy surgery in Bangladesh.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was donein the department Pediatric Surgery, Dhaka Shisu (Children)Hospital (DSH), Dhaka, from March 2010 to September 2011.The study included 30 children with nonpalpable testis eitherunilateral or bilateral.Result: During the study, 37% patients belong to 2-5-year agegroup. Followed by 26% in 5-10 years age group, 20% 1-2years age group. (50%) cases, diagnosed by laparoscopy asvas and vessel entered into deep ring underwent plannedinguinal exploration. 40% belong to full term whereas 60%belong to pre-term.Conclusion: From our study we can conclude that,Laparoscopic orchiopexy were done by either single stage ortwo staged Fowler - Stephens method, needs to be evaluatedon large group of patients with longer follow- up.

The Sociodemographic Characteristics of Migraine Patients in Bangladesh

Objective: In this study our main goal is to assess thesociodemographic characteristics of migraine patients inBangladesh.Methods: This randomized single blind cross over clinical trialwas conducted at Department of Pharmacology, Dhakamedical college, Dhaka from July 2017 to June 2018. Duringthe study, adult 64 migraine sufferers (without aura) attendingin the Out Patient Department of neurology (Headache clinic),Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. One half of thesamples were randomly allocated for group A and the otherhalf to group B. Group A: 32 patients will be allocated for theprophylaxis of propranolol. Group B: 32 patients will beallocated for the prophylaxis of flunarizine.Results: During the study, mean age of the group A and groupB was 29.28 and 28.22 years respectively also, group A37.50% were male and 62.50% were female (male: female=1:1.66) and in group B were 34.37% were male and 65.62%were female. After receiving prophylaxis at the end of 1st and2nd phase of trial. Significant improvement was observed ingroup A when they were under trial of propranolol. Similarobservation was also elucidated in group B during 2nd phase oftreatment when drug was crossed over.Conclusion: From our study we can say that, preventivetreatment often makes migraine attacks more responsive toacute migraine therapies, reduces migraine associateddisability, improves the patient’s abilities to function, anddecreases healthcare costs and use of healthcare resource.Further study is needed for better outcome.

Detección del virus Epstein Barr en escolares adolescentes en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia / Detection of epstein barr virus in adolescent students in the city of cali, colombia

Objetivo: Detectar el virus Epstein-Barr en estudiantes de secundaria entre los 14 y 17 años de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia y su posible asociación con la edad, sexo y grado escolar. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal en donde se analizaron 374 muestras de saliva, tomadas entre el año 2015 y 2016, mediante PCR convencional y PCR en Tiempo real. Se evalúo la asociación entre la detección del ADN viral y las características demográficas, además de un análisis de razón de oportunidades para evaluar la medida de la asociación. Resultados: El ADN viral fue detectado en el 45% (167/374) de las muestras orales, encontrándose una presencia viral mayor en los escolares de los grados octavo y noveno (p=0,004); en donde los estudiantes de 14 años presentaron un riesgo de 2,4 veces mayor para la detección del virus (IC 95%:1,12-4,9) en comparación con los estudias de más edad. Conclusión: En el presente estudio se evidencio la exposición del VEB en la cavidad oral de estudiantes de secundaria, lo cual hace necesario que se tomen acciones de vigilancia que permitan monitorear las implicaciones de estos hallazgos en la salud de los escolares.

Objective: To detect the Epstein Barr virus in adolescent students between 14 and 17 years old in the city of Cali, Colombia and its possible association with age, gender and school grade. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study where 374 mouthwash samples collected between the years 2015 and 2016 was analyzed through conventional and real-time PCR. Association between viral DNA detection and sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated. The odds ratio analysis was used to assess the extent of this association. Results: The viral DNA was present in 45% (167/374) of the samples, with a higher DNA detection in the students of eighth and ninth grades (p=0.004); where the 14 years old students present a 2.4 times higher risk of detecting the virus (IC 95%: 1,12-4.9) in comparison with older students. Conclusion: In the present study, the Epstein Barr virus exposition in the oral cavity was evidenced, which make necessary to take actions on surveillance that allow monitoring the implications of these fndings in the teenage student's health.

Related factors of sociodemographic characteristics and systemic family dynamics of different self-esteem groups of junior middle school students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objectives: To explore related factors of sociodemographic characteristics and family dynamics of different self-esteem groups of junior middle school students. Methods: A total of 1059 junior middle school students were recruited. The Self-designed sociodemographic characteristic questionnaire, the Self-Esteem Scale and the Selfrating scale of systemic family dynamic were applied. According to SES scores, the high self-esteem group, the middle group and the low group were constructed. The differences of sociodemographic characteristics and systemic family dynamics were compared between these groups by χ2-test and ANCOVA. Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to determine the relation between self-esteem and sociodemographic characteristics and family dynamic factors. Results:The higher self-esteem group had the better of parental education attainment, family life quality, parent relationship, and the more subjects born in Shanghai (Ps ＜ 0. 05). After controlling the above sociodemographic characteristics, family atmosphere scores and individuality scores in the high self-esteem group were the lowest and these in the low group were highest (Ps ＜ 0. 05). Not being born in Shanghai (OR = 1. 57, 95％ CI: 1. 15-2. 14) was a risk factor for low self-esteem, while the lower scores of family atmosphere (OR = 0. 48, 95％ CI: 0. 36-0. 65) and the lower scores of individuality (OR = 0. 66, 95％ CI: 0. 52-0. 83) were protective factors for low self-esteem. Conclusion:It suggests that there are significant different sociodemographic characteristics and family dynamic factors among different self-esteem junior middle school students. Self-esteem may be related to whether being born natively, family atmosphere, and individuality in junior middle school students.

Características individuais e comportamentos de autocuidado de graduandos de enfermagem: experiência em oficina sociopoética / Nursing undergraduates' individual characteristics and self-care behavior: experience in a sociopoetic workshop / Características individuales y comportamientos de autocuidado de los estudiantes de enfermería: experiencia en taller sociopoético

Objetivo: identificar as características individuais e comportamentais de enfermagem, em oficinas sociopoéticas. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, sociopoético e estatístico, desenvolvido após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, com graduandos de enfermagem em Curso de Autocuidado, aplicando formulário em entrevista coletiva. Participaram 20 acadêmicos de enfermagem de universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre abril e maio de 2015. Resultados: a maioria é do sexo feminino, na faixa etária dos 20 aos 25 anos, de etnia branca, protestante e com renda familiar de quatro salários mínimos e residem com os pais; são solteiros e sem filhos; apenas um declarou ter comportamentos integrados de autocuidado. Conclusão: a maioria não aplica a concepção de integralidade no autocuidado, privilegiando a higiene corporal.

Objective: ito identify the individual characteristics and self-care behavior of nursing undergraduates in sociopoetic workshops. Methodology: this statistical, descriptive, sociopoetic study was conducted, after approval by the research ethics committee, by applying a form at a group meeting of twenty nursing students from a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between April and May 2015. Results: most were female, single and childless, aged 20-25 years, white, Protestant, with family income of four minimum wages and lived with their parents, and only one reported integrated self-care behavior. Conclusion: most did not apply the concept of comprehensiveness to self-care, but favored body hygiene.

Objetivo: identificar las características individuales y comportamientos de enfermería, en oficinas sociopoéticas. Método: estudio descriptivo, sociopoético y estadístico, desarrollado después de la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación, con estudiantes de enfermería en Curso de Autocuidado, aplicando formulario en entrevista colectiva. Participaron 20 estudiantes de enfermería de universidad pública en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, entre abril y mayo de 2015. Resultados: la mayoría es de sexo femenino, entre 20 y 25 años, de etnia blanca, protestante y con ingresos familiares de cuatro salarios mínimos y que viven con sus padres; son solteros sin hijos; solo uno declaró que tiene comportamientos integrados de autocuidado. Conclusión: la mayoría no aplica la concepción de integralidad en el autocuidado y privilegia la higiene corporal.

Suporte Social e HIV: Relações Entre Características Clínicas, Sociodemográficas e Adesão ao Tratamento / Social support and HIV: Relationship between Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics and Treatment Adherence

RESUMO Este estudo investigou a relação entre suporte social, características sociodemográficas, clínicas e adesão ao Tratamento Antirretroviral (TARV) utilizando o questionário Social Support Inventory for People who are HIV Positive or Have AIDS. Para isso, foram avaliados 119 usuários HIV-positivos - dos quais 53,8% eram homens. Em relação à disponibilidade e satisfação, os valores médios foram de 3,37 (DP=1,00) para o suporte instrumental e 3,48 (DP=1,06) para o suporte emocional. Observaram-se diferenças significativas na disponibilidade e satisfação do suporte social com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Verificou-se que, quanto maior a disponibilidade e a satisfação com o suporte social, maior o OR para a adesão ao tratamento. O desenvolvimento de estratégias de apoio social pode contribuir positivamente para o controle da doença e melhor qualidade de vida dos usuários.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the relationship between social support, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and treatment adherence using the Social Support Inventory for People who are HIV Positive or Have AIDS. Thus, it were evaluated 119 HIV-positive patients, of which 53.8% were men. Regarding the availability and satisfaction mean values were 3.37 (DP=1.00) for the instrumental support and 3.48 (DP=1.06) for emotional support. Significant differences were found in the availability and satisfaction of social support with clinical and sociodemographic variables. It was found that the greater the availability and satisfaction with social support, the greater the OR for adherence to treatment. The development of social support strategies can positively contribute to disease control and better quality of life of HIV-positive patients.

Estado nutricional de adultos mayores activos y su relación con algunos factores sociodemográficos / Nutritional status of active older adults and its relationship with some sociodemographic factors

Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional y su relación con algunas características sociodemográficas de adultos mayores activos de la ciudad de Chillán, Chile. Método: Estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal en 118 adultos mayores. Se aplicó un cuestionario para obtener los datos sociodemográficos. El estado nutricional se evaluó mediante antropometría. La actividad física según los criterios propuestos por la OPS-OMS y el nivel socioeconómico mediante los quintiles de ingreso per cápita para la población chilena. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva univariada, bivariada y multivariada. Se usó la prueba Ji-Cuadrada y análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Resultados: El estado nutricional normal fue predominante en más del 50 por ciento de los adultos mayores y se relacionó con ser profesional, tener estudios superiores y pertenecer al quintil V de ingreso. La obesidad se vinculó con ser hombre, tener pareja y hacer actividad física vigorosa. Las mujeres no tuvieron asociación con ninguna categoría de estado nutricional, pero sí con los niveles de actividad física ligera y sedentaria, además de pertenecer al quintil IV y no tener pareja. El sobrepeso se relacionó con el nivel de escolaridad media y el quintil III y las personas de nivel básico con el quintil II y con no ser profesional (p<0,001). El estado nutricional normal. Conclusiones: La alta calidad de vida, dada por el alto nivel de escolaridad y la capacidad económica permite tener mayor conocimiento para seleccionar y adquirir alimentos saludables, lo que se refleja en el estado nutricional normal predominante en el grupo. estudiado(AU)

Introduction: Individual nutritional status is influenced by different factors. Objective: To determine the nutritional status and its relationship with some sociodemographic characteristics of active older adults in the city of Chillán in Chile. Methods: Quantitative and cross-sectional study of 118 older adults. Sociodemographic data were collected through a specifically designed questionnaire. The nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric and body mass indexes. Physical activity was evaluated according to the criteria proposed by the PAHO - WHO whereas socioeconomic level was defined by per capita income quintiles for the Chilean population. Data were analyzed with univariate, bivariate, and multivariate summary statistics. The Chi-square test and correspondence multiple analysis in STATA 12.0 were used. Results: The normal nutritional status was predominant in over 50 percent of the older adults and was associated with being a professional, having higher education, and belonging to income quintile V. Obesity was related to being male, having a partner, and doing intensive physical activity. Women were not associated with any of the nutritional status categories, but rather with light or sedentary physical activity levels in addition to be included in income quintile IV, and not having a partner. Overweight was related to a high school education and income quintile III whereas people with an elementary school education related to the quintile II and being not professionals (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The high quality of life given by a high level of education and financial capacity allows acquiring greater knowledge to select and to purchase healthy food, which is seen in the predominant normal nutritional status of this group(AU)

The Clinical Association between the Prevalence of Insomnia and Physical and Psychiatric Disorders in Two Areas of Gyeonggi Province of South Korea / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study are to examine the sociodemographic factors that increase the prevalence of insomnia, as well as to identify the relationship between the prevalence of insomnia and health conditions by navigating through the prevalence rates of insomnia in two different geographical regions with different socioeconomic structures. METHODS: A survey was conducted targeting 937 residents of Guri-si and Yangpyeong-gun in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The Insomnia Severity Index was used to verify whether a respondent was experiencing insomnia. The Abbreviated Self-Rated Korean version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used in diagnosis of mental diseases. Chi-square test was performed to determine the unique relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of insomnia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of prevalence of insomnia with categorized relevant factors. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of insomnia for all respondents was 9.26%. The prevalence rate for Yangpyeong-gun was 11.75%, marking a significantly higher figure compared with the prevalence rate for Guri-si, which was 6.87%. Advanced age, female, other marital statuses than married, lower education, lower income, non-existence of private health insurance, and unemployment were risk factors for insomnia. The prevalence of insomnia showed strong association with physical and mental conditions, particularly with mental disorders, urologic diseases, and risk of injury from fall. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates of insomnia in those two surveyed regions showed a meaningful difference even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. These findings suggest that such regional differences merits further attention and additional nationwide epidemiologic studies are needed.

Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH): prevalencia y características sociodemográficas en población reclusa / Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): prevalence and sociodemographic features in imprisoned population

ResumenDiversos estudios coinciden en señalar que la prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en internos penitenciarios es significativamente mayor que en la población general. En este contexto, la literatura muestra que existe una importante presencia de síntomas del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) en esta población. Sin embargo, la investigación al respecto es escasa. En este estudio se estimó la prevalencia con cribado positivo para TDAH en la población penitenciaria, y se establecieron las características sociodemográficas asociadas al trastorno. Se administraron dos escalas de evaluación del TDAH ampliamente empleadas y validadas en población adulta - ASRS y WURS. Los participantes fueron 143 presos del Establecimiento Penitenciario de Villabona (Asturias, España), con un rango de edad entre 18 y 69 años. Los resultados obtenidos indican una prevalencia aparente del TDAH en torno al 25% utilizando ambas escalas y con resultados coincidentes entre ellas. Además se encontraron diferencias significativas por sexo, por nivel de escolaridad y situación laboral, con diferentes perfiles según la presencia de los síntomas del TDAH. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de estudiar las consecuencias de este trastorno en la población penitenciaria, con el objeto de mejorar el manejo terapéutico en este contexto, atendiendo a sus características. (AU)

AbstractThere is a good deal of evidence suggesting that the prevalence of mental disorders among imprisoned people is significantly higher that in general population. In this context, literature shows that there is an important presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) within this population. However, research on this topic is lacking. This study estimated the prevalence of ADHD in a penitentiary population by means of positive screening and established the sociodemographic characteristics related to the presence of the disorder. Two different scales of ADHD, widely applied and validated for adult population, were used for this purpose - ASRS and WURS. One-hundred and forty three prisoners between 18 and 69 years old from Villabona's Penitentiary Establishment (Asturias, Spain) took part in this study. Results showed 25% of apparent prevalence of ADHD, using both scales. Statistically significant differences were found in sex, educational level and employment situation, showing different profiles as a function of the presence of ADHD symptoms. These results highlight the need to study the consequences of this disorder within imprisoned populations in order to improve therapeutic management, paying attention to their characteristics. (AU)

Relación entre burnout y engagement académicos con variables sociodemográficas y académicas / Relationship between burnout and academic engagement with sociodemographic variables and academic

Este estudio buscó esclarecer la interdependencia entre burnout académico (BA) y engagement académico (EA) en estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud, y profundizar en la caracterización de esta relación a partir de sus asociaciones con variables sociodemográficas y académicas (desempeño académico, DA). Se utilizó un diseño observacional y correlacional de tipo multivariado con una muestra, constituida aleatoria y estratificadamente por 802 estudiantes de los programas de medicina, enfermería, fisioterapia y psicología de universidades privadas de Barranquilla, Colombia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el MBI-SS, el UWES-S y un cuestionario sobre condiciones socioeconómicas y académicas. El análisis de las relaciones halladas entre BA y EA permitió considerarlos articulados como extremos de un mismo continuo fenoménico o factor, compuesto por las dimensiones de vigor, dedicación, ineficacia académica y cinismo, con valores opuestos en los extremos o polos del factor. Se identificaron variables sociodemográficas y académicas asociadas con los polos del BA y del EA del factor reconocido, donde el BA resultó un buen predictor de mal DA, y el EA un buen predictor de buen DA.

This study aims to clarify the interdependence between Academic Burnout (ab) and Academic Engagement (ae) in undergraduate students, and to describe this relationship based on their associations with demographic and academic variables (Academic Achievement - aa). A multivariate, correlational observational design was used, with a stratified random sample of 802 students from the programs of medicine, nursing, physiotherapy and psychology of private universities of Barranquilla, Colombia. The instruments used were the mbi-ss, the uwess and a questionnaire about academic and socioeconomic variables. The analysis of the relationship between ab and ae, suggests considering each of these syndromes as extremes of the same phenomenic continuum or factor, composed by the dimensions of Vigor, Dedication, Academic Inefficacy and Cynicism , with opposite values at the extremes or poles of the factor. Demographic and academic variables were associated with the poles of the ab and the ae of the acknowledged factor, where the ab was a good predictor of poor aa, and the ae a good predictor of good aa.

Cardiac misconceptions among healthy adults: implications for the promotion of health in the community / Crenças erróneas sobre as doenças cardíacas em adultos saudáveis: implicações para a promoção da saúde na comunidade

This study sought to confirm the structure and to investigate the psychometric properties of an experimental Portuguese version of the York Cardiac Beliefs Questionnaire (YCBQ) in a general population sample. It also set out to identify the prevalent misconceptions in the community and to assess the differences according to socio-demographic characteristics. It involved a cross-sectional survey in which both test and validation samples were collected (n = 476), including participants aged between 18 and 40, recruited via e-mail and social networks. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis on both samples suggested a shorter, three factor version of the YCBQ. Also, misconceptions differed significantly according to sociodemographic variables. The validation of the YCBQ for samples in the community constitutes an important starting point to promote research on misconceptions held in the community by specific groups, as well as to provide key points for health promotion.

Este estudo teve como objetivo confirmar a estrutura e investigar as propriedades psicométricas de uma versão experimental portuguesa do York Cardiac Beliefs Questionnaire numa amostra da população geral; identificar as crenças erróneas mais fortes na comunidade; e avaliar as diferenças de acordo com características sociodemográficas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com uma amostra de teste e outra de validação, incluindo um total de 476 participantes, com idade entre 18 e 40 anos, recrutados via e-mail e nas redes sociais. A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória em ambas as amostras indicou uma versão reduzida do YCBQ de três factores. As crenças erróneas diferiram significativamente de acordo com as variáveis sociodemográficas. A validação do YCBQ para amostras da comunidade constitui um importante ponto de partida para promover a investigação sobre crenças erróneas em grupos específicos da comunidade, assim como fornecer indicadores relevantes para a promoção da saúde.

Prevalência do consumo moderado e excessivo de álcool e fatores associados entre residentes de Comunidades Quilombolas de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil / Prevalence of moderate and excessive alcohol consumption and associated factors among residents of Quilombo Communities (hinterland settlements founded by people of African origin) of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o consumo, seja moderado ou excessivo, de álcool entre residentes de comunidades quilombolas de Vitória da Conquista (BA), bem como os fatores associados. Estudo transversal envolvendo 750 indivíduos com idade ≥ 18 anos, entrevistados em 2011, utilizando uma versão adaptada do questionário da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas foi classificado em abstenção, uso moderado ou excessivo, e analisado por meio do modelo de regressão multinomial. Observou-se o consumo entre 41,5% dos participantes (IC95%%: [37,8; 44,98]); sendo identificados na categoria consumo excessivo e, na categoria consumo moderado, 10,7% e 30,8%, respectivamente. O consumo moderado estava relacionado inversamente com a idade, sendo mais frequente entre indivíduos brancos ou pardos, os mais escolarizados, aqueles em atividade laborativa e entre fumantes. O consumo excessivo aumentou com o grau de escolaridade, sendo mais prevalente entre os que tinham pelo menos 8 anos de estudo, os fumantes e os que exerciam atividade laborativa. O estudo mostra que nessas comunidades existem diferenças segundo as características sociodemográficas dos diversos perfis de consumidores de álcool, e que estas diferenças devem ser consideradas na elaboração de propostas para promoção de hábitos saudáveis.

The scope of the study was to assess moderate and excessive alcohol consumption and associated factors among residents of Quilombola Communities in Vitória da Conquista in the State of Bahia. It involved a cross-sectional study among 750 individuals aged ≥ 18 years interviewed in 2011 using an adapted version of the National Survey of Health Questionnaire. Alcohol consumption was classified into abstemious, moderate and heavy drinking categories and was analyzed using the multinomial regression model. Consumption was observed among 41.5% of participants (95% CI [37.8, 44.98]); 10.7% being identified in the excessive consumption category and 30.8% in the moderate consumption category. Moderate consumption was inversely associated with age and is more common among whites and mulattoes, the better educated, the gainfully employed and among smokers. Heavy consumption increased with level of education, being more prevalent among those who had at least 8 years of schooling, smokers and the gainfully employed. The study shows that in these communities there are differences in the sociodemographic characteristics among the profiles of alcohol drinkers and these differences should be taken into account when drawing up proposals for the promotion of healthy habits.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Suicides Committed in Medellin, Colombia / Características clínicas y epidemiológicas del suicidio consumado en Medellín, Colombia

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of individuals who committed suicide in Medellín between 2008 and 2010, and to identify variables related to the type of events. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive analysis was conducted on data provided by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. In addition, a univariate and bivariate analysis was used to identify the sociodemographic and medical-legal characteristics of the deceased. Multiple correspondence analysis was also used in order to establish typologies. The information was analyzed using STATA 11.0. Results: Of the 389 cases occurring between 2008 and 2010, 84.6% (n = 329) were men. The male to female ratio was 5:1; 64% of the cases occurred in people aged 18-45 years; 6.7% occurred in children under 18, with hanging being the method most chosen by the victims (48.3%). Exploratory analysis was used to identify a possible association between the use of violent methods and events occurring in the housing and social strata 1, 2 and 3. Conclusions: Some factors could be associated with suicide, providing data that could consolidate health intervention strategies in our population.

Antecedentes: El propósito del estudio es identificar las características de los individuos que cometieron suicidio en la ciudad de Medellín entre 2008 y 2010, además de identificar variables relacionadas con la tipología de los eventos. Métodos: Análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de los datos suministrados por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. Además, análisis univariable y bivariable para identificar las características sociodemográficas y médico-legales de los fallecidos. Para establecer posibles tipologías, se utilizó el análisis de correspondencias múltiples. La información se analizó utilizando el programa STATA 11.0. Resultados: De los 389 casos ocurridos entre 2008 y 2010, el 84,6% (n = 329) correspondió a varones. La razón varones:mujeres es 5:1. El 64% de los casos ocurrió en personas de 18-45 anños y el 6,7%, en menores de 18 años. El ahorcamiento fue el método más elegido por las víctimas (48,3%). El análisis exploratorio permitió identificar una posible asociación entre el uso de métodos violentos con los eventos que ocurren en la vivienda y los estratos sociales 1, 2 y 3. Conclusiones: Se pudo delinear algunos factores asociados al suicidio consumado, aportando elementos que pueden consolidar estrategias de intervención en la salud de nuestra población.