Sociotropía y autonomía: ¿evidencias para la hipótesis de especificidad de síntomas en depresión? / Sociotropy and autonomy: evidences for specificity symptoms hypothesis in depression? / Sociotropia e autonomia: evidências para a hipótese da especificidade de sintomas na depressão?

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la relación entre síntomas depresivos y personalidad cognitiva sociotrópica-autonómica según el modelo de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y la hipótesis de especificidad de síntomas, en la cual se afirma que diferencialmente en la depresión sociotrópica se presentan síntomas de elevada tristeza, soledad, deprivación, ansiedad e intentos pasivos de suicidio, mientras que en la autonómica cogniciones frecuentes de fracaso, autodesprecio, anhedonia, autocrítica, abstinencia, bajo interés, hostilidad y formas activas de suicidio (Clark, Beck & Alford, 1999). El estudio fue descriptivo, correlacional comparativo con una muestra de 399 participantes, 38.9% hombres y 61.1% mujeres, entre 18 y 40 años (M = 23.77, DE = 5.33), quienes diligenciaron Escala de Sociotropía y Autonomía y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck II. Los resultados indicaron bajas correlaciones entre depresión y vulnerabilidad cognitiva, con síntomas depresivos específicos para sociotropía como el ánimo deprimido e irritable, cambios en peso y apetito, sentimientos de inutilidad y culpa, y síntomas cognoscitivos. La agitación o enlentecimiento psicomotor correlacionó con ambas medidas de vulnerabilidad. Se encontraron además diferencias entre grupos clasificados según vulnerabilidad cognitiva en cuanto a síntomas de agitación o enlentecimiento, sentimientos de inutilidad y culpa. Se concluyó reportando evidencia parcial para la hipótesis planteada.

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between depressive symptoms and sociotropy-autonomy personality according to the cognitive vulnerability model and the symptom specificity hypothesis, in which differentially a person with sociotropic depression shows elevated symptoms of sadness, loneliness, withdrawal, anxiety and attempted suicide liabilities, an autonomic frequent cognitions of failure, worthlessness, anhedonia, self-criticism, withdrawal, low interest, hostility and active forms of suicide (Clark, Beck & Alford, 1999). The study was a descriptive, correlational and comparative with a sample of 399 participants, 38.9% men and 61.1% women, between 18 and 40 years (M = 23.77, SD = 5.33), who filled the Sociotropy Autonomy Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory II. Results showed low correlations between depression and cognitive vulnerability, with specific symptoms for sociotropy as irritable and depressive mood, change in appetite and body weight, inutility and guilty feelings, and cognitive symptoms. Agitation and psychomotor retardation correlated in both vulnerability measures. Also results showed significant differences in the cognitive vulnerability groups in Agitation and psychomotor retardation and inutility and guilty feelings. We conclude partially evidence for the stated hypothesis.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a relação entre os sintomas depressivos e a personalidade cognitiva sociotrópica-autonômica segundo o modelo da vulnerabilidade cognitiva e a hipótese da especificidade de sintomas, pela qual se afirma que, diferencialmente na depressão sociotrópica, apresentam-se sintomas de elevada tristeza, solidão, privação, ansiedade e tentativas passivas de suicídio, enquanto que na autonómica: cognições de fracasso, autodesprezo, anedonia, autocrítica, abstinência, baixo interesse, hostilidade e formas ativas de suicídio ­(Clark, Beck, & Alford, 1999). O estudo foi descritivo, correlacional e comparativo com uma amostra de 399 participantes, 38.9 % homens e 61.1 % mulheres, com uma idade entre os 18 e 40 anos (M = 23.77; DE = 5.33), que preencheram a Escala de Sociotropia-Autonomia e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck II. Os resultados indicaram baixas correlações entre a depressão e a vulnerabilidade cognitiva, com sintomas depressivos específicos para sociotropia como o humor deprimido e irritável, mudanças no peso e apetite, sentimentos de inutilidade e culpa e sintomas cognitivos. A agitação ou retardamento psicomotor correlacionou as duas medidas de vulnerabilidade. Também diferenças entre os grupos classificados segundo a vulnerabilidade cognitiva para sintomas de agitação ou retardamento, sentimentos de inutilidade e culpa. Concluiu-se informando evidência parcial para a hipótese constituída.

Personalidad cognitiva y afrontamiento / Cognitive Personality and Differential Coping in Anxiety and Depression

El objetivo fue identificar las diferencias entre estrategias de afrontamiento sociotrópicas y autonómicas en personas con síntomas ansiosos o depresivos. Según Clark, Beck y Alford (1999) la hipótesis de afrontamiento diferencial afirma que existen estrategias de afrontamiento desadaptativas diferenciales entre sociotropía y autonomía (congruencia personalidad-síntoma-afrontamiento), en ansiedad o depresión. La muestra estuvo constituida por 590 participantes entre 18 y 50 años, de todos los estratos socioeconómicos, estados civiles y niveles de escolaridad. Los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis descriptivo-correlacionales y comparativos, revelaron diferencias significativas (p = .01) en ansiedad para afrontamiento sociotrópico (búsqueda de apoyo profesional), y en depresión para afrontamiento autonómico (solución de problemas). Estas estrategias de afrontamiento apoyan la evidencia de su función mediadora del afrontamiento en cada grupo sintomático y la hipótesis de vulnerabilidad cognitiva. A su vez, se reafirma el modelo tripartito (afecto negativo-positivo) como continuo ansiedad y depresión.

The aim was to identify the differences between autonomic and sociotropic coping strategies in people with anxiety or depressive symptoms. According to Clark, Beck and Alford (1999) differential coping hypothesis states that there are differential maladaptive coping strategies between sociotropy and autonomy (congruence personality-symptom-coping) in anxiety or depression. The sample was composed of 590 participants aged 18 to 50, of all socioeconomic levels, marital status and educational levels. The results obtained by descriptive-correlational analysis and comparisons revealed significant differences (p = .01) in anxiety for coping sociotropic (search for professional support), coping and depression for autonomic strategies (problems solving). These coping strategies support the evidence of its mediating role in each symptomatic group and cognitive vulnerability hypothesis. In turn, the results obtained by this research support the tripartite model (negative-positive affect) as continuous between anxiety and depression.

Escala de sociotropía-autonomía (sas): propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación a colombia / Sociotropy-autonomy scale (sas): psychometric properties of adaptation to colombia

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue adaptar y validar la Escala de Sociotropía-Autonomía (SAS) de Clark & Beck, la cual evalúa dos dimensiones de personalidad cognitiva: la orientación interpersonal y actitudes de logro y metas personales. La muestra consistió en 460 participantes entre 15 y 71 años, escolarizados de distintos estratos socioeconómicos. Los resultados mostraron índices de consistencia interna en la Escala SAS: total (,85), SAS Sociotropía (,82) y menores para SAS autonomía (,61). Estos resultados guardan relación con investigaciones acerca de este instrumento; por lo tanto se considera confiable y válido para el contexto sociocultural; además podría apoyar la investigación en psicoterapia cognitiva y en procesos clínicos basados en el modelo diátesis estrés.

This paper presents the results of a study whose aim was adapt and validate the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS) Clark & Beck. This scale assesses two dimensions of cognitive personality: interpersonal orientation and attitudes of achievement and personal goals. The sample consisted of 460 participants between 15 and 71 years enrolled from different socioeconomic levels. The results showed internal consistency in SAS Scale: Total (.85), SAS Sociotropy (.82) and lower for SAS Autonomy (.61). These results are relevant to research on this instrument. It is considered a reliable and valid instrument for socio-cultural context; could also support research in cognitive psychotherapy and clinical processes based on the diathesis stress model.

Personality Style and Job Stress:Focusing on the Comparison between Autonomy and Sociotropy / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of present study were to compare Autonomy with Sociotropy about the job stress experience and to explore the relationship between job stress and mental health. METHODS: Three-hundred-forty-three workers participated and filled out the Personel Style Inventory(PSI), the Korean version of Occupational Stress Inventory(K-OSI), the stress appraisal scale, the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), the Spielberger State-Trait Inventory(STAI) state anxiety scale, and the SCL-90-R Somatization scale. RESULTS: Autonomy reported higher level job stress than Sociotropy. Except for the Responsibility scale, Autonomy got higher scores on the Role Overload, the Role Insufficiency, the Role Ambiguity, the Role Boundary, the Physical Environment scale. Autonomy appraised their stressor more threatening than Sociotropy. Also, according to the Personality style, a series of multiple regression analysis showed somewhat different relationship among job stress, cognitive appraisal, psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: From our results it was inferred that the contents of major job stressor could be differ according to the personality style. The job structure that are threat to the individual's autonomy and independence, could be a severe stressor to Autonomy. The interpersonal conflicts in working place that are threat to the interpersonal relatedness, could be a severe stressor to Sociotropy. So, we proposed that the individual personality style should be considered in the stress manage program.

Cognitive Processes Bias of Self-referent Encoding Task in Depressive College Students / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To test whether depressive college students had sociotropic self-schemata. Methods: A total of 500 college students were surveyed by CES-D and SAS, and 77 college students were chosen for further experiment: 24 with depressive mood, 12 with anxious mood, 17 with both depressive and anxious mood, and 24 normal ones. Sociotropic adjectives were strictly developed, and the 4 groups (depressive vs. anxious vs. depressive and anxious vs. normal) were given Self-referent Encoding Task. Results: ①The depressive group showed significantly less positive adjectives and more negative adjectives for self-descriptive than the normal group (P