A simple and straightforward synthesis of antihistaminic drug cetirizine.

The anti-histaminc drug cetirizine was synthesized in five linear steps with an overall yield of 50%. All the reactions were very clean and the isolation of products also very easy. Our synthetic strategy was applicable to large scale preparation of cetirizine.

Utilization of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in kraft pulping process.

Aim of this study is to investigate the effect of adding sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in kraft pulping. First of all, six kraft cooks were carried out for varying active alkali and sulfidity. Then, kraft methods for K1 and K6 cooks were modified by adding 1, 2 and 3 % NaBH4. The results indicated that modifying kraft method (K1) by adding 3% NaBH4 (KB13) resulted in 9.97% (relative percentage) yield increase and 10.1% (relative percentage) kappa reduction. Although the mechanical properties of NaBH4 modified pulps were lower compared to the kraft pulps, NaBH4 modified pulps were much brighter.

Analysis of Mercury-Rich plants and mine tailings using the Hydride-Generation AAS method

A hydride-generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method was developed for the analysis of total Hg in liquid matrices of mercury-rich plants and mine tailings samples. The detection limit for this method was as low as 11.4 ng/mL. The reproducibility of the mercury signals (in terms of relative standard deviation) was 4.6 percent. Accuracy of the method was verified by analyses of deionised water samples spiked with HgCl2 and HgNO3. Recovery values for total mercury ranged from 88.5 to 94.3 percent for both mercury species added. An external certified laboratory validated the analytical method with a maximum discrepancy of 15 percent. Optimal analytical response of the equipment for Hg analysis of plant samples was achieved when the sample volume added to the reaction vessel was 0.25 mL.

Um protocolo para análise do mercúrio (Hg) em amostras líquidas de solo e tecidos vegetais enriquecidos com Hg foi desenvolvido com base na técnica de geração de hidretos. O limite de detecção para este método foi de 11.4 ng/mL. A reproducibilidade do método (calculado com base no desvio padrão relativo) foi de 4.6 por cento. A precisão do método foi verificada pela análise de amostras de água deionizada contendo HgCl2 and HgNO3. Os valores de mercúrio total recuperados variaram de 88.5 a 94.3 por cento para ambas as espécies testadas. O método analítico foi validado por um laboratório externo certificado com discrepância máxima de 15 por cento. O desempenho analítico do equipamento para análise do mercúrio em tecidos vegetais foi considerado ótimo para volumes de amostra de até 0.25 mL.