ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation in certain biochemical parameters of the earthworms, Drawida willsi (Sp1), Glyphidrilus tuberosus (Sp2), Lampito mauritii (Sp3) and Perionyx excavates (Sp4) in response to seasonal soil moisture and temperature alterations.Methodology: Soil moisture and temperatures were measured by digital moisture meter and thermometers, respectively. The sampling of earthworms was done following quadrat method during dry and wet seasons from three agro-climatic zones (Balasore (Z1), Sambalpur (Z2) and Nayagarh (Z3) of Odisha, India. Tissue protein, LPX level, catalase, acetylcholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were estimated spectrophotometrically. Results: Significant variation (P< 0.05) in soil moisture and temperature were noticed between dry and wet seasons in all the agro-climatic zones. All the earthworm species indicated lower protein level, acetylcholinesterase activity, higher lipid peroxidation, LDH and catalase activity in dry season relative to wet seasons. Soil moisture indicated significant positive correlation (P< 0.05) with tissue protein of Sp1 (r=0.59), Sp2 (r=0.64), and Sp4 (r=0.55) of Z1, Sp2 (r=0.63) and Sp4 (r=0.67) of Z2 and Sp2 (r=0.58) and Sp3 (r=0.65) of Z3. Soil temperature showed significant negative correlation (P< 0.05) with tissue protein of Sp3 (r= -0.51) of Z1, Sp2 (r= -0.56) and Sp4 (r= -0.69) of Z2 and Sp1(r= -0.54) of Z 3. Interpretation: Enhanced physiological stress level caused due to moisture deprivation could influence synthesis and storage of protein with enzyme activities.
ABSTRACT
A adubação verde consiste na prática de uso de espécies vegetais em rotação, sucessão ou consorciação com outras culturas comerciais, objetivando melhoria, manutenção e recuperação das propriedades físicas, química se biológicas do solo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes adubos verdes nas características do solo e na produtividade da cultura de soja. O experimento foi realizado em Maringá (PR), em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições: T1: aveia branca (Avena Sativa); T2: aveia preta (Avena strigosa), T3: guandu anão (Cajanus cajan), T4: nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.), T5: tremoço branco (Lupinus albus) e T6: testemunha (pousio). Ao final do experimento foram estabelecidas relações entre o adubo verde utilizado, à produção de soja, à produção de fitomassa, ao desenvolvimento de microrganismos e densidade aparente do solo. Os dados foram analisados em programa estatístico e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As coberturas que propiciaram maior teor de fitomassa foram o tremoço, a aveia preta e feijão guandu. Os tratamentos que mais influenciaram o aumento de microrganismos do solo foram o tremoço, nabo forrageiro e feijão guandu. Em relação à produtividade,maiores valores encontrados foram obtidos nos tratamentos com feijão guandu, tremoço e aveia branca.Quanto à densidade aparente do solo, o tratamento com nabo forrageiro apresentou melhor resultado.
Green manuring is the practice of using plant species in rotation, succession or intercropped with other crops, aiming improvement, maintenance and recovery of physical, chemical and biological soil properties. The objective was to evaluate the influence of different green manures on soil characteristics and productivity of soybean. The experiment was conducted in Maringá (PR) in a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications: T1: oat (Avena Sativa), T2: black oat (Avena strigosa), T3: dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan), T4: radish (Raphanus sativus L.), T5: white lupine (Lupinus albus) and T6: control (fallow). At the end of the experiment, relations were established between the green manure used for soybean production, the production of biomass, the development of microorganisms and soil bulk density. The data were analyzed with statistical software and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The coverages provided higher content of dry matter were lupine, black oat and faba bean. Treatments that most influenced the increase of soil microorganisms were lupine, radish and pigeonpea. Regarding productivity, higher values were obtained in treatments with pigeon pea, lupine and oat. The apparent density of the soil, treatment with turnip showed better results.