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The whole herb of Solanum nigrum L. can be used as the herbal drug. In this study, UHPLC-Q Exactive high resolution mass combined with GNPS molecular network was used for the rapid characterization of the components in the leaves of S. nigrum L. A total of 157 compounds were identified, including 30 steroid alkaloids, 61 steroid saponins, 35 flavonoids, and 31 other compounds (amino acids and organic acids), by comparison with the data reported in the literature, and mass fragmentation characteristics analysis, as well as the correlation of known and unknown nodes in the GNPS molecular network. Compared with the fruits and stems, the leaves of S. nigrum L was rich in a variety of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, and flavonoids, and the results lay the foundation for the precise resources utilization of S. nigrum L.
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Objective: The potential biological targets for anti-lung adenocarcinoma of Solanum nigrum were scored using the weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method. Methods: A database of chemical components of S. nigrum was established through oral bioavailability (OB), drug-likeness (DL) based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and literature retrieval. The targets of active ingredients of S. nigrum were predicted based on reverse docking with DRAR-CPI server, and combined with WGCNA to mine GSE10072 dataset in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain coexpression gene module. Furthermore, the potential anti-lung adenocarcinoma targets of S. nigrum were confirmed under intersected with predicted targets and coexpression genes. The GO terms of biological processes and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of predicted targets and anti-lung adenocarcinoma targets were performed by Metascape database, respectively. Using the targets-pathways networks to study the mechanisms of S. nigrum in the fight against cancer. The transcriptional level expression of key String database combined with Cytoscape software to draw the proteins-proteins interactions (PPI), and active ingredients-targets-pathways networks to study the mechanisms of S. nigrum in the fight against cancer. The transcriptional level expression of key genes in lung adenocarcinoma cancer tissues and normal lung tissues was assessed based on UALCAN dataset. And the correlation between key genes and prognosis of lung cancer patients was calculated by KM plotter analysis. Results: This study collected nine active components of S. nigrum, including medioresinol, sitosterol, diosgenin, solanocapsine, quercetin, α-chaconine, solasonin, solamargine, and solasodine. Totally 271 targets were predicted, and 41 potential anticancer targets were confirmed. The potential regulatory pathways included pathway in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, chemical carcinogenesis, central carbon metabolism in cancer and so on. From the PPI network, we found that hub genes EGFR, CASP8, HPGDS, FYN, and high expression of EGFR and CASP8 were related to the poor overall survival in patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Oncontrary, lower expression of HPGDS and FYN were also associated with poor overall survival. Conclusion: This study reflects the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway features of S. nigrum, and provides a scientific basis for anticancer substance and elucidating the mechanisms of action of S. nigrum, as well as a reference for the study of mechanisms.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common gastrointestinal disease in which the etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Generally speaking, it is caused by environment, inheritance, and immune. The related factors include immune system, oxidative stress, microflora in gastrointestinal tract, NF-κB, NO, COX-2, LB4, and the correlation factors. There are many plants that are effective to inflammatory bowel disease in traditional Uygur medicine, such as Solanum nigrum, Quercus infectoria, and Punica granatum. For some of these plants, only one or two mechanisms of action have been found. Besides, some constituents of them are effective to anti-inflammatory bowel disease. This article reviewed the role of factors in IBD and the mechanism of anti-inflammatory bowel disease of traditional Uygur medicine.
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Objective: In this study, phylogenetic analysis was used to compare the ITSs and trnH-psbA sequences of 17 Solanum nigrum samples, providing the theoretic foundation to utilize their resources and evaluate their genuineness. Methods: PCR method was used to amplify the region of ITS and trnH-psbA, and the seqeucens of ITS1 + ITS2 and trnH-psbA were obtained after the amplified fragment sequences were blasted in NCBI database. The Neighbor joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) method were used to construct phylogenetic trees and Kimura two-parameter (K2-P) model was used to calculate the genetic distance of different samples. Clustal X and DNAman softwares were applied for multi-alignment of ITS1, ITS2, and trnH-psbA sequences from different samples. Results: The lengths of ITS1 and ITS2 sequences from 17 samples were 230 and 206 bp, respectively, and trnH-psbA sequences were 446 or 447 bp. ITS1, ITS2, and trnH-psbA had seven, two, and three mutation points, respectively. These 17 samples were clustered to three latitude-dependent groups based on both ITS1 + ITS2 and trnH-psbA sequences. Conclusion: Phylogenetic and mutation point analysis will provide the theoretic foundation to utilize the resources of Chinese S. nigrum, investigate their evolution, and evaluate their genuineness. The results of mutation point will also be used in the identification of related S. nigrum resources.
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Introducción: Solanum nigrum L. se emplea como antiséptico, expectorante, cardiotónico, digestivo diaforético y sedativo. Las hojas son usadas como emplastos para el reumatismo, enfermedades de la piel, y para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis. Se considera un potente antiinflamatorio. Objetivos: determinar la composición fitoquímica de los extractos etéreo, alcohólico y acuoso de tallos y hojas de la especie Solanum nigrum L. Métodos: se recolectaron tallos y hojas de Solanum nigrum L., se lavaron, desinfectaron, secaron, pulverizaron y les fueron realizadas extracciones sucesivas con solventes de polaridad creciente. Los extractos se filtraron y se les practicó ensayos fitoquímicos de identificación de metabolitos secundarios. Resultados: los resultados de la determinación de la composición fitoquímica de los extractos etéreo, alcohólico y acuoso de las hojas y tallos, indican la existencia de varias familias de metabolitos secundarios como alcaloides, flavonoides, cumarinas, taninos y saponinas. Conclusiones: se destacan, por su significativa presencia, flavonoides, alcaloides, taninos y cumarinas, que resultan de interés biológico y farmacológico por sus posibles aplicaciones terapéuticas
Introduction: Solanum nigrum L. is used as antiseptic, expectorant, digestive,cardotonic diaphoretic and sedative agent. The leaves are used as poultice for rheumatism, skin diseases, and for the treatment of tuberculosis. It is considered a potent antiinflammatory. Objectives: to determine the phytochemical screening of ethereal, alcoholic and watery extracts from the Solanum nigrum L leaves and stems. Methods: steams and leaves were harvested, washed, disinfected, dried off, pulverized, and finally underwent consecutive extraction processes with growing polarity solvents. The extracts were filtered and subjected to phytochemical tests to identify the secondary metabolites. Results: the results of the phytochemical study performed to ethereal, alcoholic, and watery extracts of leaves and stems, showed the existence of several families of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins tannins, and saponins. Conclusions: alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins and tannins are significantly present; they arouse the pharmacological and biological interest because of their possible therapeutic applications
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Straining of Liquids , Solanum nigrum/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective: To study the material basis of cytotoxicity in polysaccharide from Solanum nigrum. Methods: Crude products of polysaccharide were isolated from S. nigrum fruit with free protein being removed by Sevage method. The crude products were decolored by 10% H2O2 and precipitated by 95% ethanol treatment. Polysaccharide-protein complex was isolated by DEAE-52 fiber column and the relative molecular weight was detected by SDS-PAGE. MTT assay was used in detecting the cytotoxicity of polysaccharide-protein complex for MCF-7 cells in vitro. Then polysaccharide-protein complex was separated by SephadexG-200 gel column and the cytotoxicity was detected by MTT method. Results: Polysaccharide-protein complex was isolated by DEAE-52 fiber column and the relative molecular wight was detected by SDS-PAGE as 3.0×10 4 and 2.5×104 for the two polysaccharide-protein complexes, It suggested that IC50 was 804.51 μg/mL by MTT. Glycoproteins A andd B were gained by Sephadex G-200 gel column from polysaccharide-protein complex. The IC50 of glycoproteins A and B were 532.96 and 613.91 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Material basis of cytotoxicity in polysaccharide from S. nigrum is two kinds of glycoproteins whose relative molecular weight are 3.0×104 and 2.5×104.
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Objective: To study cytotoxicity and antineoplastic effect in vitro Solanum nigrum L extract on U266. Methods: U266 cells were cultured together with the extract of Solanum nigrum L. Cytotoxicity assay was tested by CCK-8. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Results: Extract of Solanum nigrum L showed strong cytotoxicity against U266 cells. The IC_ 50 was about 117 mg/L. After exposure of U266 cells to the drug for 48 hours, the cell cycle distribution was changed compared with the controls. There was decrease of cells in the G_0/G_1 phase with increase of cells in the S phase and G_2/M phase. Apoptosis of U266 cells could be shown with staining of Annexin V FITC/PI or TFAR19 testing through FCM. The proportion of apoptotic cells increased in parallel with the increase of the drug dosage. Conclusion: Solanum nigrum L extract showed strong cytotoxicity effect on U266 cells. The antineoplastic effect of the drug can partly be ascribed to its apoptotic inducing effect.
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Objective To study the effect of Solanum nigrum total alkaloid(SNTA) on sialic acid(SA) and blocking degree of erythrocyte membrane in S_(180) tumor-bearing mice.Methods Using chromatometry to determine the erythrocyte membrane sialic acid and erythrocyte membrane blocking degree.Results SNTA could increase erythrocyte membrane sialic acid level and heighten erythrocyte membrane blocking degree in S_(180) tumor-bearing mice significantly(P
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The endophytic microorganisms found widely in many kinds of plants mediate various effects to theirs hosts. In this study, seven different dominant endophytes (SDE01 to 07) isolated from a Hy-peraccumulator-Solanum nigrum L. were resistant to Cd2+, and the strain SDE06 survived even in the medium containing 80 mg/L of Cd2+. Bacteria strain SDE06 was identified as Bacillus sp.. The removal of Cd2+ of SDE06 in different conditions were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the incubating time was 36 h, the solution pH 6.0, the temperature was 37?C and the Cd2+ concentration of medium was 20 mg/L, the highest removal rate was up to 80.2% at this condition.