Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Solanum surattense Burm. f.–A review

Medicinal plants are unique in having the ability to produce diverse chemical compounds with remarkable biologicalactivities. Investigations of medicinal plants resulted in the discovery of a large number of bioactive compoundswith excellent therapeutic properties. Solanum surattense, a perennial wild growing medicinal herb, is widely usedin the traditional medicine. Exhaustive literature availability reveals the presence of phytochemical compounds fromdifferent plant parts like roots, stem, leaves, fruits, and seeds reported to possess a wide range of pharmacologicalactivities like hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiasthmatic and mosquito repellents properties. Intensiveinvestigation on phytochemical constituents resulted in isolation of alkaloid and steroidal compounds solasonoine,solamargine, campesterol, and diosgenin. Evaluation of therapeutic activity of isolated compounds proved as potentones with reference to the standard. Current literature on the pharmacological activity of S. surattense confirms thescientific validation of folklore claims and its traditional use to cure various ailments. Present review is undertaken tosummarize all the available information on pharmacological activities, which provide a baseline support for furtherexploration of its unexplored therapeutic effects like immunomodulation, antipiles activity, antianaphylactic activity,and sexual behavior claimed by folklore.

Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Solanum surattense Burm. f.–A review

Medicinal plants are unique in having the ability to produce diverse chemical compounds with remarkable biologicalactivities. Investigations of medicinal plants resulted in the discovery of a large number of bioactive compoundswith excellent therapeutic properties. Solanum surattense, a perennial wild growing medicinal herb, is widely usedin the traditional medicine. Exhaustive literature availability reveals the presence of phytochemical compounds fromdifferent plant parts like roots, stem, leaves, fruits, and seeds reported to possess a wide range of pharmacologicalactivities like hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiasthmatic and mosquito repellents properties. Intensiveinvestigation on phytochemical constituents resulted in isolation of alkaloid and steroidal compounds solasonoine,solamargine, campesterol, and diosgenin. Evaluation of therapeutic activity of isolated compounds proved as potentones with reference to the standard. Current literature on the pharmacological activity of S. surattense confirms thescientific validation of folklore claims and its traditional use to cure various ailments. Present review is undertaken tosummarize all the available information on pharmacological activities, which provide a baseline support for furtherexploration of its unexplored therapeutic effects like immunomodulation, antipiles activity, antianaphylactic activity,and sexual behavior claimed by folklore.

Effect of Solanum surattense on mitochondrial enzymes in diabetic rats and in vitro glucose uptake activity in L6 myotubes.

Background: S. surattense is widely used in Siddha medicine for various ailments. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the impact of alcoholic leaf‑extract of S. surattense on mitochondrial enzymes in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats and to study the in vitro muscle glucose uptake activity on L6 myotubes. Materials and Methods: The male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight). After being confirmed the diabetic rats were treated with alcoholic leaf‑extract of S. surattense (100 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days. The biochemical estimations (liver mitochondrial enzymes, antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and histopathological studies were performed. Further, the in vitro muscle glucose uptake activity in L6 myotubes and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of glucose transporter‑4 (GLUT‑4) was performed. Results: In diabetic rats, the activities of liver mitochondrial enzymes were found to be significantly lowered. The mitochondrial TBARS level increased, whereas the activities/level of enzymatic and non‑enzymatic antioxidants decreased in diabetic rats. Administration of S. surattense to diabetic rats significantly reversed the above parameters toward normalcy. Furthermore in diabetic rats, the histopathological studies showed growth of adipose tissue and shrinkage of islets in the pancreas, liver showed fatty change with mild inflammation of portal triad, and kidney showed messangial capillary proliferation of glomeruli and fatty infiltration of tubules. Treatment with S. surattense brought back these changes to near normalcy. The extract was analyzed for in vitro muscle glucose uptake activity in L6 myotubes and mRNA expression of GLUT‑4 by semi‑quantitative reverse transcriptase‑polymerase chain reaction. One nano gram per millilitre of S. surattense leaf‑extract gave 115% glucose uptake on L6 myotubes. It also showed elevated levels of GLUT‑4 mRNA transcripts, when compared with control cells. Conclusion: These studies strongly support the anti‑diabetic nature of S. surattense.

In vitro antioxidant activities of Solanum surattense leaf extract

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the antioxidant activity of alcoholic leaf-extract of Solanum surattense (Solanaceae) (S. surattense).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Leaf extract were tested for in vitro free radical scavenging assays, such as hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, inhibition of superoxide anion radical and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), total antioxidant activity and reducing ability. Further, total phenolic content of S. surattense was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>S. surattense extract effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed its potent antioxidant activity. Further, these effects were in a dose dependent manner. Results were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>S. surattense have strong antioxidant potential. Further the study validates the therapeutic benefits of the Indian system of medicine.</p>

In vitro antioxidant activities of Solanum surattense leaf extract

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of alcoholic leaf-extract of Solanum surattense (Solanaceae) (S. surattense). Methods: Leaf extract were tested for in vitro free radical scavenging assays, such as hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, inhibition of superoxide anion radical and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), total antioxidant activity and reducing ability. Further, total phenolic content of S. surattense was analyzed. Results: S. surattense extract effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed its potent antioxidant activity. Further, these effects were in a dose dependent manner. Results were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid andα-tocopherol. Conclusions: S. surattense have strong antioxidant potential. Further the study validates the therapeutic benefits of the Indian system of medicine.