High-throughput sequencing reveals the molecular mechanisms determining the stay-green characteristic in soybeans

Senescence is an internally systematized degeneration process leading to death in plants. Leaf yellowing, oneof the most prominent features of plant aging may lead to reduced crop yields. The molecular mechanism ofresponses to senescence in soybean leaves is not completely clear. In our research, two soybean varieties wereselected with different stay-green traits: stay-green variety (BN106) and non-stay-green variety (KF14). RNAsamples extracted from the leaves of two varieties were sequenced and compared using high-throughputsequencing. Six key enzyme genes in chlorophyll degradation pathways were studied to analyze the changes intheir expression at seedling, flowering and maturation stage. Meanwhile, the construction of the genetictransformation process had been constructed to identify the function of putative gene by RNA-interference. Atotal of 4329 DEGs were involved in 52 functional groups and 254 KEGG pathways. Twelve genes encodingsenescence-associated and inducible chloroplast stay-green protein showed significant differential expression.MDCase and PAO have a significant expression in BN106 that may be the key factors affecting the maintenance of green characteristics. In addition, the function of GmSGRs has been identified by genetic transformation. The loss of GmSGRs may cause soybean seeds to change from yellow to green. In summary, ourresults revealed fundamental information about the molecular mechanism of aging in soybeans with differentstay-green characteristics. The work of genetic transformation lays a foundation for putative gene functionstudies that could contribute to postpone aging in soybeans

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE miARNs CONSERVADOS EN YUCA (Manihot esculenta) / Indentification of Conserved miRNAs in Cassava (Manihot esculenta).

Los microARNs (miARNs) son moléculas pequeñas de ARN utilizadas por los eucariotas como un mecanismo de control de la expresión génica. En plantas los miRNAs están implicados en la regulación de distintos aspectos del crecimiento y desarrollo, así como en la tolerancia a estrés biótico y abiótico. Muchos miARNs de plantas se encuentran conservados en todos los grupos de embriófitos, sin embargo aún existen muchas plantas para las que no se conoce el reportorio de miARNs. Asimismo se desconoce el papel que algunos miARNs pueden tener en procesos como defensa contra patógenos. En este trabajo se construyó una librería de ARNs pequeños a partir de muestras de tejidos de Manihot esculenta (yuca) inoculados con la bacteria fitopatógena Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), y se secuenciaron utilizando técnicas de secuenciación de nueva generación (Solexa/Illumina). Se identificaron en la librería 47 familias de miARNs de yuca conservados en otras plantas. Se cuantificó la expresión de estos miARNs, encontrándose similitudes con perfiles de expresión en otras plantas. Se encontró la secuencia de los precursores para algunos miARNs en secuencias de ESTs y GSSs de yuca. Asimismo se predijeron los blancos de estos miARNs en el set de ESTs encontrándose que muchos miARNs están dirigidos contra factores de transcripción, y que existe un gran porcentaje de posibles blancos con función desconocida. Este trabajo es el primer paso hacia entender cómo la vía de miARNs puede estar implicada en la interacción planta-patógeno en el sistema M. esculenta-Xam.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules used by eukaryotes as a control mechanism for gene expression. In plants, miRNAs play a regulatory role in the expression of various genes involved in growth and development, as well in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Many plant miRNAs are conserved in all land plants; however the repertoire of miRNAs is still unknown for many plant species. Likewise, the role for some plant miRNAs in pathogen defense is also unknown. In this work we constructed a library of small RNA from tissues of Manihot esculenta (Cassava) infected with the pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). The small RNAs were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (Solexa/Illumina). We identified 47 conserved miRNAs families in Cassava and quantified their expression, finding similarities with expression profiles from other plants. We found sequences for the precursors of some of these families in sets of ESTs and GSSs. We also predicted targets for these miRNAs in a set of ESTs, finding many miRNAs targeting transcription factors, and regions with unknown function. This work constitutes a first step towards understanding the role of the miRNA pathway in plant-pathogen interaction in the M. esculenta-Xam pathosystem.