ABSTRACT
A indústria de alimentos, buscando atender à crescente demanda dos consumidores, vem desenvolvendo embalagens ativas para proporcionar qualidade e segurança aos produtos acondicionados. Este trabalho objetivou desenvolver e avaliar a aplicação de filmes ativos aromatizados em contato com a massa de pastel. Os filmes foram preparados pelo método casting, adicionados de ácido sórbico e aroma de pizza e avaliados in vitro frente ao microrganismo Penicillium sp. Também foram estudadas suas propriedades mecânicas, migração de ácido sórbico, avaliação sensorial do produto e análise microbiológica in vivo. Os filmes ativos apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana tanto in vitro como no alimento. A caracterização mecânica mostrou que os filmes ativos aromatizados apresentaram valores de carga máxima na ruptura, inferiores ao filme controle e, durante a migração, a adição de aroma contribuiu para uma maior liberação do ácido sórbico. Além disso, as massas de pastel em contato com os filmes ativos aromatizados apresentaram melhores resultados sensoriais.
The food industry, trying to meet growing consumer demand, is developing active packaging to provide quality and safety for packed food. This research aimed to develop and evaluate the implementation of active flavored films in contact with pastry dough. The active films were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Penicillium sp. The mechanical properties of the films, the sorbic acid migration, sensory and in vivo microbiological analyses were also tested. The active films showed better results for in vitro and in vivo microbiological analyses when compared with the film with the sorbic acid incorporated directly on the pastry dough. The incorporation of sorbic acid and flavor affected the mechanical properties of the active films compared to the control film. The flavor addition provided a larger migration of sorbic acid from the film to the pastry dough. Besides the pastry dough packed in the active films showed better sensory results.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: All-trans-retinoic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 is one of the major mechanisms that can regulate the level of retinoids in cells. Therefore, enhanced metabolism of all-trans retinoic acid by all-trans retinoic acid induced cytochrome P450 would probably decrease the therapeutic effects of active retinoids. We previously reported that the tail of all-trans retinoic acid (the carboxyl-terminus) may bind to a binding site of cytochrome P450 in part by electrostatic forces, and the head of RA (the beta-cyclogeranylidene ring) may bind to an active site of cytochrome P450 in part by hydrophobic forces. It is very interesting to study the interactions between the RA binding site of cytochrome P450 induced by all-trans retinoic acid and the structural analogs of all-trans retinoic acid and its effects of RA metabolism. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of sorbic acid, that has a similar structure with the tail of all-trans retinoic acid, on RA metabolism in head-neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line AMC-HN-6 which showed a much increased induction of cytochrome P450 by all-trans retinoic acid. METHODS: We examined the effects of sorbic acid on RA metabolism in all-trans retinoic acid specific cytochrome P450-inducible AMC-HN-6 cell line using cytochrome P450 enzyme assay with total cell lysates and microsomal proteins. Radioisotope-labeled polar metabolites of all-trans retinoic acid were separated by thin layer chromatography and the radioactivity was measured by beta-counter. Metabolic activity was expressed as the percentage of total radioactivity of polar metabolites. RESULTS: The results are summurized as follows: 1. RA metabolism of AMC-HN-6 cell line was inhibited by actinomycin D and cyclohexamide and was also inhibited by ketoconazole, the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, in a concentration-dependent manner. 2. Cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation was induced by all-trans retinoic acid, 13-cis-RA, 9-cis-RA, and retinal, but not by retinol in AMC-HN-6 cell line.3. Sorbic acid inhibited RA metabolism of AMC-HN-6 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner when the enzyme assay was performed on microsomal protein but could not inhibit RA metabolism in total cell lysate enzyme assay. CONCLUSION: The conversion of all-trans retinoic acid to polar metabolites is inhibited by sorbic acid in microsomal enzyme assay of AMC-HN-6 cell line, but not in total cell assay. These results suggest that sorbic acid can bind to the active binding site of cytochrome P450 but binding affinity of sorbic acid to RA binding molecules such as CRABP-I,-II, RARs, RXRs may be stronger than that of sorbic acid to cytochrome P450.
Subject(s)
Binding Sites , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Catalytic Domain , Cell Line , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System , Cytochromes , Dactinomycin , Enzyme Assays , Head , Ketoconazole , Metabolism , Radioactivity , Retinaldehyde , Retinoids , Sorbic Acid , Tretinoin , Vitamin AABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to investigate to compare the ratio of positive reactions to benzoic acid(BA), sorbic acid(SA) and cinnamic acid(CA) which are well known materials producing non-immunologic contact urticaria. Various concentrations(0.l% to 5%) and different vehicles(petrolatum, water, hydrophilic ointment base) were used in open and 20 minutes closed test using Finn chamber on Scanpor tape. One hundred total subjects were consisted of nonallergic patients and normal persons. The results were as follows ; 1. Total numbers of positive reactions were 69 in closed test(CT) and 60 in open test(OT), regardless of the materials and vehicles. 2. Total riumbers of positive reactions in BA, SA and CA were 68, 31, 35 in CT and 59, 20, 14 in OT respectably. 3. CT showed much more positive reactions than OT with all materials tested except 0.l% SA in water. 4. Hydrophilic ointment base showed a better reactivity than any other vehicles in CT. But in OT, petrolatum, water, hydrophilic ointment base showed better reactivity in BA, SA, CA respectably. 5. Almost all the reactions appeared within 45 minutes and disappeared within 3 hours. Erythema preceded edema and persisted 30 minutes to 1 hour after dissappearance of edema. 6 Itching, burning and tingling sensation were the only symptoms observed except. localized erythema and edema.