ABSTRACT
Cotton is the most important global cash crop which controls economy of many nations. Global sustainability of cotton yield is one of the major challenges for meeting impending threats under climate change. Though India is one among the leading countries in cotton production, the supply is not enough considering the increasing demand. Scientists across the Globe are indulged in developing new lines and cultures with capacity to produce more yields. In this context, here, we have made an attempt to study the growth, physiology, and yield traits of cotton culture - TCH 1819 before its release (now released in the name of CO 17) by different chemical treatments. Observation on the leaf gas exchange traits, leaf parenchymal cells distinguished the source sink relationship of the culture. Chemical manipulation by growth retardants reduced the gibberellins content and modified the foliage structure. By characterizing the physiological potential through manipulation by growth retardant (Mepiquat chloride (0.015 %)) increased the yield by 30%. The traits identified in this study are potential indicators in breeding programme before releasing the variety.
ABSTRACT
The rapeseed mustard is one of the most important sources of edible oil in India and contributes 28.6% in total oilseed production. The mustard growing areas in India are experiencing the vast diversity in the agro climatic conditions. Here, we studied forty-nine advanced breeding lines of Brassica juncea L. for two consecutive years (2016-18) to examine the variations in the remobilization of assimilates from flowering to maturity stage and their contribution to seed filling under stressed environment. Further, we investigated the impact of high temperature on dry matter accumulation and partitioning from source to sink in Brassica germplasm. The synchronization between the seed filling stage and the onset of heat spell is critical event that determines the overall yield. Imbalances caused due to miss-matching of above events created hindrance in source-sink translocation, thus resulted in yield losses. Amount of remobilized dry matter, remobilization efficiency and remobilization percentage increased significantly, while the dry matter accumulation, total carbohydrates content and seed yield per plant declined in the late sown genotypes during both crop seasons. Reduced accumulation of photo assimilates under stress and higher sink demand resulted in more number of shriveled seeds leading to yield depression. The higher remobilization efficiency in late sown genotypes was strongly associated with dry matter at flowering that consequently tended to affect the final seed weight. This study will provide insights for better understanding of source-sink relationships in Indian mustard under heat stress and the differential remobilization efficiencies in the advanced breeding lines.
ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se determinar o efeito do período de formação do cacho e dos biorreguladores na produção e qualidade da banana 'Grande Naine'. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, com seis repetições. Consideram-se, nas parcelas, os períodos de formação do cacho, verão e outono, e nas subparcelas, os biorreguladores: duas aplicações com água, giberelina (AG3, 200mg L-1), auxina (2,4 D; 10mg L-1), citocinina (TDZ, 150mg L-1) e a mistura de giberelina, auxina e citocinina (AG3, 56,3mg L-1; AIB, 56,3mg L-1 e ZEA, 101,3mg L-1). Os períodos de formação do cacho influenciam o número de pencas, o tamanho, a vida pós-colheita, o pH, a acidez titulável, a razão sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável e a firmeza do fruto. A mistura de biorreguladores eleva o peso do cacho e da 4ª penca em cachos formados no verão.
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of climatic conditions during the period of bunch formation and growth regulators on yield and quality of banana 'Grande Naine'. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized split plot with six replications. It was considered the plots, and the periods of bunch formation, summer and autumn. In the subplots it was considered the growth regulators: two applications were made with water, gibberellin (GA3, 200mg L-1), auxin (2.4-D, 10mg L-1), cytokinin (TDZ, 150mg L-1) and a mixture of gibberellin, auxin and cytokinin (AG3, 56.3mg L-1; AIB, 56.3mg L-1 and ZEA, 101.3mg L-1). Periods of bunch formation influence the number of hands, the size, shelf life, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids and titratable acidity ratio and the firmness of the fruit. The mixture of growth regulators increase the weight of the bunch and the 4th hand bunches formed in the summer.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The effects of the reproductive growth on the source-sink relationship and source-sink characteristic indexes of Alisma plantago-aquatica were studied in order to provide a potential reference for the cultural techniques of high yield and quality and breeding. Methods: The dry weight in each part and the content of non-structure carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds in the leaves and tubers from the wiping off bolting and bolting plant were tested; The accumulative process of physiological indexes was compared. Results: Reproductive growth could benefit the accumulation of reproductive sink, go against the increase of source of leaves and vegetative sink, and obviously increase the plant total storage capacity and the total biomass. Wiping off the reproductive growth could increase the C/N ratio in the leaves at the later stages of plant growth and the tubers during the yield formative period, and promote the production of the leaves and tubers. Conclusion: During the process of cultivation, it is supposed to promptly adjust the plant C/N ratio by artificial measures for increasing the tuber production. The strains with suitable amounts and high C/N ratio in the leaves and high nitrogen content in the tubers at the later stages of the plant growth should be chosen for breeding.
ABSTRACT
This paper investigated changes in growth and carbohydrate content of shoots and root systems in response to source-sink manipulation in field-grown coffee trees. The source-sink manipulations were carried out using manual de-fruiting. Two plots of trees were established: in one group, the fruit was left on the tree, while in the second group all fruits were removed manually. Similar results were obtained for coffee trees with and without fruit in terms of height, stem and skirt diameter and branch lengths. A biochemical evaluation of the roots showed that no differences were found between the levels of carbohydrates. In the leaves, levels of soluble sugars and reducing sugars were higher in plants with fruit. The starch concentration in leaves and roots did not vary between the plots. Root length density did not vary between plants with and without fruit in the 0 - 0.4 m soil layer. However, plants without fruit had a higher root length density than plants with a full fruit load. These results contrast with results published by others on source-sink relationships of coffee plants. The joint data analysis shows that young trees, with a moderate fruit load, and with good nutritional and health status, produce carbohydrates in sufficient quantities to maintain vegetative and reproductive growth, without harming root system growth.
Foram investigadas as alterações no crescimento e nos teores de carboidratos da parte aérea e sistema radicular em resposta à manipulação fonte-dreno em cafeeiros cultivados em condições de campo. Essas manipulações foram realizadas mediante desfrutificação manual. Dois grupos de plantas foram estabelecidos: em um grupo, a produção de frutos foi mantida, enquanto no segundo grupo, todos os frutos foram retirados manualmente. Cafeeiros, com e sem frutos apresentaram resultados semelhantes em termos de altura, diâmetro do caule e saia e comprimentos de ramos. Nas avaliações bioquímicas nas raízes não foram verificadas diferenças entre os níveis de carboidratos. Nas folhas, os teores de açúcares solúveis e açúcares redutores foram maiores nas plantas com frutos. As concentrações de amido nas raízes e folhas não variaram entre os tratamentos. A densidade de comprimento de raízes na camada de solo de 0-0,4 m.não se diferenciou entre plantas com e sem frutos. Entretanto, as plantas sem frutos apresentaram maior densidade de comprimento radicular que aquelas plantas com carga completa. Esses resultados contrastam com os resultados publicados por outros autores considerando-se as relações fonte-dreno do cafeeiro. A análise conjunta dos dados mostra que os cafeeiros jovens, com carga moderada e com bom estado nutricional produzem carboidratos em quantidades suficientes para manter o crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo, sem prejudicar o crescimento do sistema radicular.