ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify and compare the health service-related factors associated with male involvement in family planning services among the rural and urban areas in Abia State, Nigeria. Design: A community-based cross-sectional study. Setting: Twelve communities (six urban and six rural) in Abia State, Nigeria Participants: Five hundred and eighty-eight (588) men aged 15-59 years and resident in the study area 6 months before the study were recruited. Main outcome measure: Male involvement in family planning services Results: The mean ages of the respondents were 41.8±8.0 years and 43.1±8.0 years in the urban and rural areas, respectively. Active male involvement in family planning services was significantly higher in urban areas (62.6%, 95%CI: 56.8%-68.1%) compared to the rural areas (47.6%, 95%CI: 41.5%-53.2%. p<0.001). The predictors of male involvement included gender preference of healthcare workers (aOR=1.75, 95%CI:1.01-3.03) and attitude of the healthcare workers (aOR=2.07, 95%CI:1.17-3.67) among the urban participants, compared to occupational status of the respondents (aOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.16-5.56) and the availability of male-friendly clinics (aOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.25-4.15) among the rural participants. Conclusion: Health service-related factors associated with male involvement varied between the urban and rural settings. Stakeholders should target addressing health service-related factors by types of settlement while designing family planning programs targeting men
Subject(s)
Patient Participation , Family Planning Services , Health Services , Urban HealthABSTRACT
Background: Infertility is a phenomenon which influences all lifestyle aspects of a couple and has cultural, social, legal and especially psychological consequences. Depression is a common consequence of infertility and its impact can be devastating to the infertile persons and to their partners. Aim: To determine the prevalence of depression and its indicators among infertile women in Awka, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey on consecutive attendees at the Fertility Clinic of Anambra State University Teaching Hospital, Awka, southeast, Nigeria, over a three month period. Data on socio-demographic variables were extracted using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS 10 (SPSS Inc, Chicago IL) was used for analysis. A value of P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 96(100%) respondents, 37(38.5%) had depressive disorder while 59(61.5%) were normal (P=0.001). Thirty (21.3%) respondents had primary infertility while 66(68.7%) had secondary infertility. Of those with primary infertility 22(77.3%) had depression compared to 15(22.7%) with secondary infertility (P=0.001). Depression was also significantly associated with duration of infertility (P=0.001), verbal abuse (P=0.001), willingness to adopt (p=0.009) and increasing maternal age (p=0.001). The associations between husband being supportive (P=0.140), social status (P=0.652), family setting (P=0.106), place of residence (P=0.134), employment (0.652), educational level (P=0.444) and depression were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among infertile women in Awka is significant. This should be taken into account in the treatment of infertile women in view of the adverse effects of depression in the aetiology and outcome of management of the infertile women.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study was designed to determine the frequency and causative agent(s) of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in individuals with symptoms of urinary tract infections in Enugu State of Southeast Nigeria, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of microbial agents isolated from urine culture. Methods: The study involved 211 individuals (149 females and 62 males) clinically suspected for UTI. Urine samples were collected by the mid-stream ‘clean catch' method and tested using standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated pathogens was tested using the Kirby-Bauer technique according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Microscopy of centrifuged urine samples showed 16 patients had pyuria while 54 had pus cells. Calcium oxalate crystals were found in 14 samples. Urinalysis performed with urine samples showed 17 had protein; seven were nitrite positive and three had moderate to high glucose concentration. Fifty-four urine samples (36.2%) from females and 12 (19.4%) from males showed significant growth upon culture. Gram stain and biochemical tests identified nine different organisms with Escherichia coli as the most common isolated species. Forty three randomly selected strains were further tested for their susceptibility against a panel of antibiotics. Thirty isolates (81.08%) were resistant to four or more antibiotics with the highest resistance shown by E. coli (76.67%). All the Gram- negative isolates were resistant to Ampicilox, Cefuroxime and Amoxicillin. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections were found more in females in the area under study. As found in other studies, E. coli was the most predominant isolate, although other organisms seem to be on the increase.
Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência e agentes causadores das infecções do trato urinário (UTIs) em indivíduos com sintomas desta infecção no estado de Enugu, Sudeste da Nigéria e determinar a suscetibilidade antibiótica dos agentes microbianos isolados de cultura da urina. Métodos: O estudo envolveu 211 indivíduos (149 mulheres e 62 homens) clinicamente suspeitos para UTI. Amostras urinárias foram coletadas pelo método de meia corrente “clean catch” e testados por procedimentos standards. Suscetibilidade aos antibióticos dos patógenos isolados foi testada usando a técnica de Kirby-Bauer e de acordo com as diretrizes do “Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute” (CLSI). Resultados: Microscopia das amostras de urina centrifugadas mostraram que 16 pacientes tinham piúria enquanto que 54 tinham células do pus. Cristais de oxalato de cálcio foram encontrados em 14 amostras. Análise de amostras da urina mostraram que 17 tinham proteína; sete eram positivas para nitrito e três tinham concentração de glicose de moderada para alta. Cinquenta e quatro amostras de urina (36.2% de mulheres) e 12 (19.45% de homens) mostraram crescimento significante após cultura. Coloração pelo Gram e testes bioquímicos identificaram nove organismos diferentes com a Escherichia coli sendo a mais comum das espécies isoladas. Quarenta e três espécies selecionadas ao acaso foram testadas posteriormente para sua suscetibilidade contra um painel de antibióticos. Trinta amostras isoladas (81.08%) foram resistentes a quatro ou mais antibióticos sendo que a maior resistência foi da E. coli (76.67%). Todas as amostras Gram negativas isoladas foram resistentes a Ampicilox, Cefuroxime e Amoxicilina.