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Objective To investigate the normal reference values of abdominal aorta and its branches in Southwest China, so as to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods The length, diameter and angle of the abdominal aorta and its branches were measured in 20 cadavers. At the same time, 300 cases without obvious pathological changes in four urban populations were selected for abdominal CT angiography (CTA) to measure the length, diameter and angle of abdominal aorta and its branches. Results Display rate of abdominal aorta was 100%,the average length of abdominal aorta was (12.96±0.81) cm, the diameter of abdominal aorta was (1.93±0.28) cm, (1.55±0.23) cm, (1.61±0.19) cm in renal artery plane (Ⅰ), inferior mesenteric artery plane (Ⅱ) and lower edge plane of lumbar vertebrae (Ⅲ), and the average value on image was (2.17 ± 0.42) cm, (1.81 ± 0.40) cm, (1.99 ± 0.53) cm; Display rate of common iliac artery was 100%, the angle between left and right common iliac artery was (59.80± 4.66) ° and the diameter of the end was (1.16±0.33) cm and (1.12±0.11) cm; Display rate of celiac trunk on cadaver was 100%, the average length was (1.61±0.27) cm, the average diameter on cadaver was (0.78±0.71) cm, the image was (0.88± 0.31) cm; Display rate of renal artery was 100%, the average length of the left renal artery was (2.58 ± 0.50) cm, that of the right was (4.26±0.65) cm, the initial average diameter of the left renal artery was (0.55±0.24) cm, and the right renal artery was (0.62±0.20) cm; Display rate of the superior mesenteric artery was (100%), that of the on cadaver was (4.56 ± 0.29) cm, that of the image was (4.93 ± 0.84) cm, and that of the angle between the abdominal aorta was (38.05±5.99)°; Display rate of the inferior mesenteric artery was (100%),the average length of the inferior mesenteric artery was (6.57±0.79) cm on the cadaver, the image was (6.70±0.76) cm, and that of the angle between the abdominal aorta was (73.79 ± 9.62) ° and the initial diameter was (0.48 ± 0.29) cm. Conclusion The normal reference values of abdominal aorta and its visceral branches in Southwest China population were measured. CTA has a special advantage in showing the lesions of abdominal aorta and its branches in lumen, extraluminal and vascular wall, which can provide anatomical data of patients before operation.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics and patterns of factors such as victims' information, injury tools and time of occurrence of intentional injury cases in southwest China. Methods One thousand three hundred and forty intentional injury cases from several places in southwest China from 2014 to 2016 assessed as minor injury level Ⅱ and above had been randomly selected. Data on victims' information, motives, injury tools, sites of occurrence, time of occurrence, injured parts and degrees of injury were classified and gathered, and then association analyses of motives and types of injury tools as well as degrees of injury and injury tools were made. Results Most of the victims were young adults between 20-50 years （65.2%）, male （82.3%）, rural household registration （62.8%）; the motives were mainly dispute （45.8%）. Injury tools were mostly blunt （54.6%） or sharp （36.0%）. Specifically, injuries were mostly made bare-handed （36.9%） and by cutting tools （33.2%）; the cases mainly occurred in public areas （59.0%）. Cases occurred more frequently in January （11.3%）, February （13.1%）, March （11.6%） and from 22：00 to 01：00 every night. Injuries mainly involved the craniofacial region. The wounds were mainly assessed as minor injury level Ⅱ （61.6%）. There was statistical significance in the difference of types of injury tools among cases with different motives （P<0.05）. There was statistical significance in the difference of the distribution of injury tools among cases with different degrees of injury （P<0.05）. Conclusion The occurrence of intentional injury cases in southwest China has potential patterns and relevant influencing factors. Prevention and analysis of such cases need to be comprehensively considered from the aspects such as victims' information, injury tools and time of occurrence.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Age Distribution , China , Motivation , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Violence , Wounds and Injuries/etiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for pharmaceutical enterprises to enhance the R&D capability and improve the R&D investment strategy. METHODS： The annual report data of 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China were collcted. Taking fixed assets， operating costs， the number of employees in service and the amount of R&D investment as input indicators， net profit， operating income and earnings per share as output indicators， the efficiency values were calculated by using MyDEA 1.0 software based on super-efficiency DEA model. The operating efficiency of enterprises with or without R&D input were compared； the contribution rate of R&D investment to enterprises were calculated. Finally， Wilcoxon symbolic rank test was carried out by using SPSS 20.0 software to compare the difference. RESULTS： From 2013 to 2015， 10 of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises had increased their R&D investment， which indicated that listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China paid more attention to R&D investment. For three consecutive years， the efficiency value of R&D investment of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises was significantly higher than that of the enterprises without R&D investment， and the number of the former reaching DEA efficiency was more， indicating that R&D investment was positively correlated with the operational efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises. The Wilcoxon symbol rank test also confirmed that R&D investment was an effect input. After three enterprises joined the R&D input index， their operational efficiency was improved， and their R&D contribution was greater. Five enterprises had zero R&D contribution， their efficiency value remained unchanged whether or not they joined R&D input. The R&D contribution of other listed pharmaceutical enterprises varied greatly in each year. CONCLUSIONS： At the overall level of the industry， enterprises should increase their R&D investment and pay attention to improving R&D efficiency， establish a sound R&D innovation system and R&D personnel training mechanism， establish an integrated training mode of production， learning and research； the government should create an environment to support R&D activities of pharmaceutical enterprises. For individual enterprises， different strategies should be adopted based on practical situation in order to improve the pulling effect of R&D input on the operational efficiency of enterprises.
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Objective To compare and principal component analyze the main chemical composition contents in three variants of Gastrodia elata from southwest of China in order to provide reference for further researches and evaluations on the quality of G. elata. Method Sulfuric acid-phenol method was used to measure the contents of polysaccharides of three variants of G. elata, the contents of free amino acid of three variants of G. elata were estimated by ninhydrin colorimetric method, and the total phenol content of three variants of G. elata were measured by Folin-Ciocaileu colorimetry. HPLC method was applied to determine the contents of gastrodin and hydroxyphenyl methanol of three variants of G. elata from southwest China, and the data was analyzed by principal component analysis. Results The results indicated that the contents of main chemical composition had great difference in different variants of G. elata from southwest China, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of polysaccharide contents was the smallest with 18.025%, and CV of hydroxyphenyl methanol was the biggest with 48.978%. Among the components in this study, the contents of free amino acid, total polyphenol, and gastrodine of G. elata f. glauca from Beichuan in Sichuan province were 2.873%, 0.805%, and 0.862%, respectively, which were all extremely different from the other materials. G. elata f. viridis from Dafang in Guizhou province had the highest content of polysaccharide with the value of 29.225%, which had significantly higher content of polysaccharide than that of G. elata f. glauca from Beichuan and had extremely significantly higher content of polysaccharides than that of the rest. G. elata f. glauca from Zhaotong in Yunnan province had the highest content of hydroxyphenyl methanol, then G. elata f. elata from Guangyuan in Sichaun province, with no significant difference between them. Conclusion There was no significant difference among the regions or variants in main chemical composition contents. The quality of G. elata f. glauca from Beichuan in Sichuan province was the best from the perspective of main chemical composition.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and neutralizing activity of anti-human adenovirus type 55 (anti-HAdV55) among the soldiers in Southwest China, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of HAdV55. Methods The sera of 325 soldiers in Southwest China were collected, and the anti-HAdV55 in serum was detected by ELISA. The neutralization activity of antibody positive serum was detected by neutralization test in vitro. Results The positive rate of anti-HAdV55 was low (5.85%, 19/325) among the soldiers in Southwest China. Of the 19 cases of positive serum, 14 cases were able to neutralize HAdV55 infection in human laryngeal epithelial carcinoma cell line (Hep-2 cells) with the highest titer being 1∶64. Conclusion The positive rate of anti-HAdV55 is low among the soldiers in Southwest China, which suggests the soldiers in Southwest China have a low resistance to HAdV55 infection. Once the individual infection is found, the troops should strengthen the prevention and control of HAdV55 infection to prevent the spreading of infection.
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Objective To investigate the nurses′tasks in community hospitals in southwest China, so as to provide references for building nursing profession advanced examination system matching with the clinical requirements of community. Methods Different Professional Titles Nurses′ Tasks Questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Health was used to investigate 201 nurses in 10 community hospitals that were randomly selected in southwest China. Results Nurse professional title with primary title mainly accounted for 59.20% (119/201),and the nurses who had received secondary and college degree accounted for 43.28%(87/201), 38.81%(78/201). 120 items of nursing tasks were divided into 8 dimensions, the highest of implementation frequency score was the dimension related with drug treatment which scored 3.05±1.18, while the lowest was related with meeting the patients′basic needs which scored 1.40 ± 1.05; the highest of tasks′ importance assess score was the task dimension related with drug treatment which scored 3.36 ± 0.56, while the lowest was the dimension of communications which scored 2.74 ± 0.81. The correlation analysis of execution frequency and importance assess of each dimension showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.161-0.397,P0.05). Score difference of tasks’execution frequency and importance evaluation for different Professional titles nurses had no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions The reform of the nurses′career advanced examination should be combined with development status and nurses′tasks in community, in addition, both raising the nurses′ comprehensive quality and improving job responsibilities and functions division of community is the basis of the reform.
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OBJECTIVE:To survey and evaluate the present situation and trends of antidiabetic agents used in hospitals of southwest China so as to provide information for the production,sale and consumption units.METHODS:To investigate the antidiabetic agents used in60hospitals of southwest China during the period2000～2002in respect to the sum of money of consumption,Kinds of drugs,DDDs and DDC.RESULTS:In recent3years,the annual increasing rates of consumption of oral antidiabetic agents and insulin injection were14.12%and42.09%,the proportions of costs for the oral antidiabetic agents and insulin injections in total consumption of antidiabetic agents were67.20%and32.78%respectively.CONCLUSION:The use of insulin is increasing quickly and the new dosage has developmental future.The Metformin and Glipizide are the important oral antidiabetic agents.