ABSTRACT
The interest of the supplementation market for the soy protein consumption to optimize physical and metabolic performance after exercise is increasing. However, evidence suggests that the soy protein ingestion has lower anabolic properties when compared with whey protein. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the effects of whey protein and soy protein supplementation on the muscle functions maintenance after exercise. This review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles were searched for in the Pubmed database and included studies comparing the effects of soy protein and whey protein consumption on protein synthesis, lean mass gain and oxidative stress reduction in response to endurance or resistance training. Thirteen trials were included in this review. The results showed that the whey protein consumption is superior to that of soy protein with respect to protein synthesis and lean mass gain, but soy protein showed superior results in reducing oxidative stress. Future research comparing both soy and whey protein are needed to define protein source to be used in nutritional interventions to protein synthesis, lean mass gain and oxidative stress in different populations. (AU)
O interesse do mercado de suplementação pelo consumo de proteína de soja para otimizar o desempenho físico e metabólico após o exercício está aumentando. No entanto, evidências sugerem que a ingestão da proteína de soja tem propriedades anabólicas mais baixas quando comparada à proteína do soro do leite. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi comparar os efeitos da suplementação com whey protein e proteína de soja na manutenção das funções musculares após o exercício. Esta revisão foi realizada usando os Itens de Relatório Preferidos para Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-Análises (PRISMA). Os artigos foram pesquisados na base de dados Pubmed e incluíram estudos comparando os efeitos da proteína de soja e do consumo de proteínas do soro na síntese protéica, ganho de massa magra e redução do estresse oxidativo em resposta ao treinamento de resistência ou resistência. Treze ensaios foram incluídos nesta revisão. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de proteína de soro é superior ao da proteína de soja em relação à síntese protéica e ao ganho de massa magra, mas a proteína de soja apresentou resultados superiores na redução do estresse oxidativo. Pesquisas futuras comparando a soja e a proteína do soro do leite são necessárias para definir a fonte protéica a ser usada em intervenções nutricionais para a síntese protéica, ganho de massa magra e estresse oxidativo em diferentes populações. (AU)
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of soybean protein and animal protein on renal function of patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods In this Meta-analysis,literatures on the effects of soybean protein and animal protein on renal function of patients with diabetic nephropathy published during January 1980 and November 2011 were reviewed and analyzed quantitatively and synthetically by using Metaanalysis RevMan 5.0 software.Results Five case-control studies met the inclusive criteria and entered into random effect model.In comparison with animal protein,soybean protein significantly improved endogenous creatinine clearance rate (weight mean difference (WMD) =-11.51,95％ confidence interval (CI)-16.37 to 6.65),proteinuria (WMD =-0.96,95％ CI-1.36 to-0.58),urine creatinine (WMD =-1.11,95％ CI-1.91 to-0.30),glomerular filtration rate (WMD =0.28,95％ CI-0.12 to 0.68),serum urea nitrogen (WMD =-0.20,95％ CI-0.60 to 0.19) and serum creatinine (WMD =-0.22,95％ CI-0.54 to 0.10).Conclusions Soy protein seems to have potential to improve urine creatinine clearance,urine creatinine,proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen.However,animal protein may contribute to increased glomerular filtration rate.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da ingestão alimentar de proteína da soja e dos exercícios com pesos sobre o gasto energético de repouso (GER) de mulheres na pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico, 16 semanas, envolvendo 60 mulheres, 59 (7) anos, distribuídas em quatro grupos: G1 (proteína da soja e exercício), G2 (placebo e exercício), G3 (proteína da soja e sem exercício) e G4 (placebo e sem exercício). A proteína da soja e o placebo (maltodextrina) foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, sob a forma de pó, na porção de 25 gramas/dia. Foram 10 exercícios com pesos, realizados em três sessões semanais, com 3 séries de 8-12 repetições cada, carga de 60 por cento-80 por cento de uma repetição máxima (RM). O GER foi calculado a partir do O2 e CO2, obtidos por calorimetria indireta (Quinton-QMC®), durante 30 minutos, sob temperatura e umidade controladas. Na análise estatística foi utilizada ANOVA, teste T de Student e regressão múltipla, por meio do software Stata 9.2, α<0,05. RESULTADOS: As mulheres apresentaram homogeneidade em todas as variáveis do estudo. Houve aumento, significante, do GER (p<0,05) no G1 (158 kcal/dia) e G2 (110 kcal/dia), correspondente a 17 por cento e 9 por cento, respectivamente, enquanto, o G4, diminuição em 4 por cento (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Exercícios com pesos são determinantes para o aumento do gasto energético de repouso, de mulheres na pós-menopausa, podendo ser potencializado pela ingestão de proteína da soja.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of soy protein ingestion and exercises with weights, on resting energy expenditure (REE) of women in post-menopause. METHODS: Clinical trial, 16 weeks, involving 60 women, 59 (7) years, distributed in 4 groups: G1 (soy protein and exercise), G2 (placebo and exercise), 3 (soy protein and without exercise) and 4 (placebo and without exercise). Randomly, soy protein and placebo (maltodextrin) were distributed in powder form, in portions of 25 grams/ day. There were 10 exercises with weights, performed in 3 sessions a week with 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions each, load of 60-80 percent of 1 maximum repetition (RM). The REE was calculated from the O2 and CO2, obtained through indirect calorimetry (Quinton QMC®) for 30 minutes under controlled temperature and humidity. For statistical analysis, ANOVA, Student's t test and multiple regression were used with the software Stata 9.2, α<0.05. RESULTS: Women presented homogeneity in all variables of the study. Significantly, there was an increase of the REE (p <0.05) in G1 (158 kcal/ day) and G2 (110 kcal/ day), corresponding to 17 percent and 9 percent, respectively, while G4 decreased by 4 percent (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Exercises with weights are determinants for increase in resting energy expenditure of women in post-menopause, and can be potentiaized by ingestion of soy protein.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Dietary Proteins , Energy Metabolism , Exercise/physiology , Postmenopause , Rest/physiology , Soybean Proteins , Analysis of Variance , Dietary Proteins , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Linear Models , Postmenopause/physiology , Resistance Training , Soybean ProteinsABSTRACT
O papel específico das modificações da dieta no tratamento da nefropatia diabética (ND) ainda não está elucidado. A substituição de proteína de origem animal por soja em pacientes com Diabete Melito (DM) poderia ser benéfica para a função renal. O objetivo do presente manuscrito foi revisar criticamente as evidências acerca do papel da soja na ND. Foram selecionados seis ensaios clínicos randomizados conduzidos em pacientes com DM, dentre os quais cinco demonstraram melhora de pelo menos um marcador de função renal com a dieta com soja. Os mecanismos através dos quais essas dietas promoveriam melhora da ND não foram elucidados, assim como não está estabelecido ainda se há distinção no efeito benéfico aos rins dos diferentes produtos à base de soja disponíveis no mercado. Novos estudos são necessários para que tais questões possam ser elucidadas e para que os benefícios da soja na ND possam ser confirmados.
The specific role of dietary changes in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not yet been elucidated. The animal source protein replacement for soy in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) may provide potential benefits for renal function. The aim of the present manuscript was to perform a critical review of evidence about the role of soy in DN. Six randomized clinical trials conducted in patients with DM were selected, and five of them showed improvement of at least one marker of renal function with the soy diet. However, the mechanisms by which these diets promote improvement in DN have not been elucidated. It is not yet known whether there are distinguishable renal benefits ensured by different soy-based products available on the market. Further studies are needed to clarify theses aspects and to confirm the benefits of soy in DN.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diet/methods , Diet/trends , Diet , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Soy Foods , Diabetes Mellitus , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/trends , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Soybean Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Soybean Proteins , Soybean Proteins/therapeutic use , Plant Proteins, DietaryABSTRACT
During carcinogenesis, NF-kappaB mediates processes associated with deregulation of the normal control of proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Thus, suppression of NF-kappaB has been linked with chemoprevention of cancer. Accumulating findings reveal that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone and a component of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex that plays a central role in NF-kappaB activation. HSP90 also stabilizes key proteins involved in cell cycle control and apoptosis signaling. We have determined whether the exogenous administration of isoflavone-deprived soy peptide prevents 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis and investigated the mechanism of action. Dietary administration of soy peptide (3.3 g/rat/day) significantly reduced the incidence of ductal carcinomas (50%), the number of tumors per multiple tumor-bearing rats (49%; P < 0.05), and extended the latency period of tumor development (8.07 +/- 0.92 weeks) compared to control diet animals (10.80 +/- 1.30; P < 0.05). Our results have further demonstrated that soy peptide (1) dramatically inhibits the expression of HSP90, thereby suppressing signaling pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation; (2) induces expression of p21, p53, and caspase-3 proteins; and (3) inhibits expression of VEGF. In agreement with our in vivo data, soy peptide treatment inhibited the growth of human breast MCF-7 tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. Taken together, our in vivo and in vitro results suggest chemopreventive and tumor suppressive functions of isoflavone-deprived soy peptide by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Rats , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control , Apoptosis/drug effects , Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced , Cell Line, Tumor , Chemoprevention , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Isoflavones/chemistry , NF-kappa B/genetics , Peptides/chemistry , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Soybean Proteins/chemistry , Glycine max/chemistryABSTRACT
Trata-se de um estudo experimental que teve como objetivo desenvolver um extrato hidrossolúvel de soja com adição de aroma e sabor a partir do subproduto da indústria e avaliar sua qualidade protéica por meio de ensaio biológico com ratos de laboratório além de avaliar sensorialmente o produto. Após a produção do extrato, procedeu-se aos ensaios biológicos para determinar a Digestibilidade Verdadeira, PER, NPR e NPU. Para a análise sensorial o extrato foi adoçado e aromatizado com essência de morango. O teste de aceitabilidade foi conduzido utilizando-se como provadores não treinados, crianças que estudavam em uma escola da rede estadual de ensino fundamental. Os valores de NPR e NPU foram bem próximos aos descritos na literatura. Os resultados obtidos de digestibilidade do extrato hidrossolúvel de soja mostraram-se bem próximos ao da caseína.
This is an experimental study to develop a soybean extract with the addition of aroma and flavor with an industry byproduct and to evaluate its protein quality through a biological essay with laboratory rats, as well as to evaluate the sensorial perception of the product. After the extract was produced, biological essays were carried out to determine its real digestibility, its Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Net Protein Ratio (NPR) and Net Protein Utilization (NPU). For the sensorial evaluation soybean milk was sweetened and flavored with strawberry essence. The acceptability test was carried out with untrained people: children in a local state school. The results of NPR and NPU were similar to those found in the literature. The results of the digestibility of the soybean milk were similar to those of casein.
Se trata de un estudio experimental para desarrollar un extracto hidrosoluble de soja con adicion de aroma y sabor a partir del subproducto de la industria. Evaluar, además, su calidad proteica mediante pruebas biologicas con ratones de laboratorio y sensorialmente el producto. Despues de producir el extracto se efectuaron las pruebas biológicas con miras a determinar la digestibilidad verdadera, PER, NPR y NPU. Para el analisis sensorial el extracto se endulzó y aromatizó con esencia de fresas. El ensayo de aceptabilidad se llevo a cabo con probadores no capacitados, niños estudiantes de una escuela estatal primaria. Los resultados de NPU son semejantes a aquéllos descritos en la literatura. Los resultados de digestibilidad del extracto hidrosoluble de soja son muy similares a los de la caseina.