Avaliação da ativação de defesa em soja contra Phakopsora pachyrhizi em condições controladas / Evaluation of soybean defense activation against Phakopsora pachyrhizi in controlled conditions

A efetividade da ativação de defesa em diferentes cultivares de soja contra Phakopsora pachyrhizi proporcionada pelo fosfito, bem como sua associação com fungicidas aplicados em diferentes épocas em relação à inoculação com o patógeno, foi estudada em condições de casa-de-vegetação em dois ensaios conduzidos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o fosfito não foi capaz de induzir a expressão dos mecansimos de defesa, uma vez que não foi observada qualquer redução na severidade, número de pústulas.cm-2, e na Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso de Doença (AACPD), por conta da aplicação do produto. O progresso da ferrugem foi mais lento na cultivar Fundacep 55 RR, que teve uma AACPD 53 por cento menor do que a cultivar Fundacep 56 RR, a mais suscetível. O fungicida epoxiconazol + piraclostrobina proporcionou uma redução na AACPD de 29 por cento, quando comparado ao emprego do triazol isolado na média das épocas de aplicação. As aplicações mais próximas da inoculação e preventivas foram mais efetivas do que aquelas realizadas de forma muito precoce ou muito tardia em relação à infecção das plantas pelo patógeno. Os resultados indicaram que o fosfito não induziu resistência em soja contra P. pachyrhizi, e que houve variação na resistência parcial à ferrugem por parte das cultivares e na efetividade dos fungicidas entre si e quanto ao momento em que os mesmos são aplicados.

The effectiveness of defense activation in different soybean cultivars against P. pachyrhizi promoted by phosphite, as well as its association with fungicides in different timing of application in relation to pathogen inoculation, was studied in greenhouse conditions in two assays carried out in completely randomized design, with four replications. The results shown that phosphite was unable to induce defense, because no reduction of severity, pustules.cm-2 number, and Area Under Progress Disease Curve (AUPDC) were observed after the application of the product. The progress of rust was slower in the cultivar Fundacep 55 RR, which had a AUPDC 53 percent lower than cultivar Fundacep 56 RR, the most susceptible one. The fungicide epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin reduced 29 percent the AUPDC value when compared to isolated triazol use, considering average timing application. Applications nearer to inoculation and preventive fungicide application were more effective than those done earlier or later in relation to plant infection by the pathogen. The data indicated that phosphite does not induce soybean resistance against P. pachyrhizi, and that there was variation on partial resistance of cultivars and on the effectiveness of fungicides between themselves and in relation to their application timing.

Comparison in Isoflavone Contents between Soybean and Soybean Sprouts of Various Soybean Cultivas

In this study, isoflavone (genistein, genistin, daidzein, daidzin) contents in various parts of twelve soybean cultivars and three soy sprouts were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector. Three cultivars of soybean were selected and cultured in the lab to produce sprout for five days. Total isoflavone (Total IF) varied greatly among differnt breeds of soybean in range of 99 - 649.9 microgram/g and 522.3 - 1,277.7 microgram/g respectively, domestic and foreign cultivars. There were greatly difference in total IF of various parts of the soybean sprouts. Sprout from the Myunjunamul-kong appeared to have 69% genistein and 22% genistin in head part, and 30% and 62% of daidzin and daidzein, respectively, in root. Meanwhile, the sprouts from Junjori contains most (84%) of daidzein in its root. Sprout from chinese black-soybean had the largest amount of genistein among the sprouts but, there were no differences in the average genistein content between three selected black and non-black soys. The glycosidic form of IF were dominant compared to aglycone forms both in soybean and sprouts by 24 times and 12 times, respectively, suggesting that during the sprouts cultivation glycosidic forms could change to aglycone forms. There are no difference in total content between genistein + genistin and daidzein + daidzin in soy and soy sprout. Therfore, considering the total IF contents, the intake of 1 soy sprout is similer to 1.5 times as soybean.