ABSTRACT
Steroids, including testosterone, estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol and 17β-ethinyl estradiol, are harmful not only to the population dynamics of aquatic life forms but also to public health. In this study, a marine testosterone-degrading bacterium (strain N3) was isolated from Nanao Island in the South China Sea. In addition, the strain could also use 17β-estradiol (E2), 17β-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), estriol (E3) or cholesterol as a sole carbon source. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain N3 was identified as Vibrio sp. Further characterization showed that the strain is aerobic, gram-negative, and mobile and exhibits resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, penicillin and spectinomycin. For enhancing its capacity of testosterone degradation, the Plackett-Burman factorial design and the central composite design were used to optimize the culture condition. Under optimal conditions, 92% of testosterone was degraded by Vibrio sp. N3 in 48 h.
Los esferoides-que incluyen la testosterona, la estrona, el 17 β-estradiol, el estriol y el 17 p-etinilestradiol-son nocivos no solo para la población dinámica de las formas de vida acuática, sino también para la salud pública. En este estudio se aisló una bacteria marina degradadora de testosterona de la isla de Nanao, en el Mar del Sur de China, a la que se denominó cepa N3. Se determinó que esta cepa también podría usar 17 β-estradiol (E2), 17 p-etinilestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3) o colesterol como únicas fuentes de carbono. De acuerdo con el análisis de la secuencia del gen 16S rRNA, la cepa N3 se identificó como Vibrio sp. La caracterización adicional mostró que dicha bacteria es un organismo aerobio, gram negativo y móvil, y que presenta resistencia a ampicilina, carbenicilina, penicilina y espectinomicina. Para optimizar la condición de cultivo en relación con su capacidad de degradar la testosterona, se utilizaron el diseño factorial Plackett-Burman y el diseno compuesto central. En condiciones óptimas, el 92% de la testosterona fue degradada por Vibrio sp. N3 en 48 h.
Subject(s)
Testosterone/antagonists & inhibitors , Vibrio/isolation & purification , Vibrio/genetics , Marine Environment/analysis , Sequence Analysis/methodsABSTRACT
Se cita y describe por primera vez para Argentina Parasitylenchus pseusobifurcatus sp.n. (Tylenchida, Allantonematidae), parásito de adultos de Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleopera, Coccinellidae). Esta nueva especie está muy cercana a P. bifurcatus Poinar Jr. y Steenberg, 2012, por la característica de tener todas las hembras vermiformes y los machos inmaduros la punta del apéndice caudal bifurcada, pero se diferencian entre otros por el tamaño del gubernáculo. Se describe su fórmula cariotípica.
Parasitylenchus pseusobifurcatus sp.n. (Tylenchida, Allantonematidae) is described for the first time for Argentina as a parasite of adults of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleopera, Coccinellidae). The new species is closed to P. bifurcatus Poinar Jr. & Steenberg, 2012, by the characteristic of having the tail tip of all vermiform females and immature males bifurcated, but they differ by the size of the gubernaculum. Its karyotype formula is described.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Neonchocotyle violantei n. sp. (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) infects the gill of the Atlantic guitarfish, Pseudobatos lentiginosus (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae) from littoral waters of Celestún, Yucatán, Mexico. It is assigned to Neonchocotyle because it has, among other features, an asymmetrical haptor, a seminal receptacle, a smooth oötype, and an egg with two elongate filaments. It differs from Neonchocotyle pastinacae, the only congener, by having a small body (821 long by 315 wide, length to width = 2.6:1), two pairs of microhooks between the haptoral appendix suckers, extracaecal (submarginal) vaginal pores, and 5-9 testes. This is the first record of a species of Neonchocotyle in the Gulf of Mexico, the first monogenean reported from P. lentiginosus in Mexico and the second species of Hexabothriidae reported from Mexico.
Resumo Neonchocotyle violantei n. sp. (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) infecta brânquia de Pseudobatos lentiginosus, (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae) de águas litorâneas ao largo da costa de Celestún, Yucatán, México. É atribuído a Neonchocotyle porque tem, entre outras características, um haptor assimétrico, um receptáculo seminal, um tipo oótipo liso e um ovo com dois filamentos alongados. Difere de Neonchocotyle pastinacae, o único congênere, por ter um corpo pequeno (821 de comprimento por 315 de largura, comprimento a largura = 2,6: 1), dois pares de microganchos entre as ventosas do apêndice haptoral, poros vaginais extracaecais (submarginal) e 5-9 testículos. Este é o primeiro registro de uma espécie de Neonchocotyle no Golfo do México, o primeiro monogenético registrado em P. lentiginosus no México e a segunda espécie de Hexabothriidae relatada no México.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Trematoda/isolation & purification , Trematoda/anatomy & histology , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Skates, Fish/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Gulf of MexicoABSTRACT
In the present study, we introduced point mutations into Ac_rapA which encodes a polyketide synthase responsible for rapamycin biosynthesis in Actinoplanes sp. N902-109, in order to construct a mutant with an inactivated enoylreductase (ER) domain, which was able to synthesize a new rapamycin analog. Based on the homologous recombination induced by double-strand breaks in chromosome mediated by endonuclease I-SceI, the site-directed mutation in the first ER domain of Ac_rapA was introduced using non-replicating plasmid pLYERIA combined with an I-SceI expression plasmid. Three amino acid residues of the active center, Ala-Gly-Gly, were converted to Ala-Ser-Pro. The broth of the mutant strain SIPI-027 was analyzed by HPLC and a new peak with the similar UV spectrum to that of rapamycin was found. The sample of the new peak was prepared by solvent extraction, column chromatography, and crystallization methods. The structure of new compound, named as SIPI-rapxin, was elucidated by determining and analyzing its MS and NMR spectra and its biological activity was assessed using mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). An ER domain-deficient mutant of Actinoplanes sp. N902-109, named as SIPI-027, was constructed, which produced a novel rapamycin analog SIPI-rapxin and its structure was elucidated to be 35, 36-didehydro-27-O-demethylrapamycin. The biological activity of SIPI-rapxin was better than that of rapamycin. In conclusion, inactivation of the first ER domain of rapA, one of the modular polyketide synthase responsible for macro-lactone synthesis of rapamycin, gave rise to a mutant capable of producing a novel rapamycin analog, 35, 36-didehydro-27-O-demethylrapamycin, demonstrating that the enoylreductase domain was responsible for the reduction of the double bond between C-35 and C-36 during rapamycin synthesis.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chemistry , Metabolism , Bacterial Proteins , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Genetic Engineering , Micromonosporaceae , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Mutation , Polyketide Synthases , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Protein Domains , Sirolimus , MetabolismABSTRACT
In the present study, we introduced point mutations into Ac_rapA which encodes a polyketide synthase responsible for rapamycin biosynthesis in Actinoplanes sp. N902-109, in order to construct a mutant with an inactivated enoylreductase (ER) domain, which was able to synthesize a new rapamycin analog. Based on the homologous recombination induced by double-strand breaks in chromosome mediated by endonuclease I-SceI, the site-directed mutation in the first ER domain of Ac_rapA was introduced using non-replicating plasmid pLYERIA combined with an I-SceI expression plasmid. Three amino acid residues of the active center, Ala-Gly-Gly, were converted to Ala-Ser-Pro. The broth of the mutant strain SIPI-027 was analyzed by HPLC and a new peak with the similar UV spectrum to that of rapamycin was found. The sample of the new peak was prepared by solvent extraction, column chromatography, and crystallization methods. The structure of new compound, named as SIPI-rapxin, was elucidated by determining and analyzing its MS and NMR spectra and its biological activity was assessed using mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). An ER domain-deficient mutant of Actinoplanes sp. N902-109, named as SIPI-027, was constructed, which produced a novel rapamycin analog SIPI-rapxin and its structure was elucidated to be 35, 36-didehydro-27-O-demethylrapamycin. The biological activity of SIPI-rapxin was better than that of rapamycin. In conclusion, inactivation of the first ER domain of rapA, one of the modular polyketide synthase responsible for macro-lactone synthesis of rapamycin, gave rise to a mutant capable of producing a novel rapamycin analog, 35, 36-didehydro-27-O-demethylrapamycin, demonstrating that the enoylreductase domain was responsible for the reduction of the double bond between C-35 and C-36 during rapamycin synthesis.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chemistry , Metabolism , Bacterial Proteins , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Genetic Engineering , Micromonosporaceae , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Mutation , Polyketide Synthases , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Protein Domains , Sirolimus , MetabolismABSTRACT
The paper presents a description of larva, pupa, imago (male) and karyotype of Chironomus amissum from southeastern Brazil. It belongs to pseudothummi cytocomplex with 2n=8 and chromosome arm combinations: AE BF CD G. Several fixed homozygous inversions distinguished arm A of the new species from that of Chironomus columbiensis Wülker et al. 1989 and Chironomus anonymus Williston, 1896. One homozygous inversion of arm F differentiated it from C. anonymus. Species-specific characters were presented in the larva, pupa and imago.
Neste artigo é apresentada a descrição de larva, pupa, adulto macho e cariótipo de Chironomus amissum, uma nova espécie do sudeste brasileiro. Ela pertence ao citocomplexo pseudothummi com 2n=8 e cromossomos com combinações de braços: AE BF CD G. Várias inversões homozigóticas diferem o braço A da nova espécie em relação às espécies Chironomus columbiensis Wülker et al. 1989 e Chironomus anonymus Williston, 1896. Uma inversão homozigótica do braço F diferencia essa espécie de C. anonymus. Caracteres que diferenciam a espécie nova são também apresentados para larva, pupa e adulto.
ABSTRACT
Absonifibula estuarina sp. n. (Diclidophoridae, Absonifibulinae), is described from the gills of juvenile striped weakfish, Cynoscion guatucupa (Cuvier), from the southwestern Atlantic, Argentinean coast. This marine fish migrates to estuarine areas to spawn where exclusively juveniles are found parasitized; adult fish in marine water were never found to be parasitized by this monogenean. A. estuarina sp. n. is characterized mainly by the pedunculate clamps dissimilar in size, the shape of anterior jaw with sclerite 'a' attached to a sub-trapezoidal lamellate extension and fused to sclerites 'c' and 'd'. It differs from Absonifibula bychowskyi Lawler & Overstreet, 1976, the only known species of the genus, in the shape and arrangement of the genital corona, which is armed with six similar hooks disposed in circle and the sub-trapezoidal shape of lamellate extension ('b'). The restriction to juvenile sciaenids is a shared feature among the Absonifibulinae indicating an estuary-dependent life cycle.
Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/parasitology , Trematoda/anatomy & histology , Argentina , Gills/parasitology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Trematoda/classificationABSTRACT
A fish-infecting myxosporean, Henneguya hemiodopsis sp. n., found infecting the gills of Hemiodopsis microlepis and collected from the Poty River near the city of Teresina, Brazil, was described based on ultrastructural studies. The parasite occurred within large whitish polysporic plasmodia (up to 200 ìm in diameter) containing asynchronous developmental sporogonic stages, mainly mature spores. The spores measured 19.7 ± 0.9 ìm in total length (n = 30) and the ellipsoidal spore body was 10.8 ± 0.5 ìm long, 3.3 ± 0.4 ìm wide and 2.5 ± 0.5 ìm thick. The spores were composed of two equal shell valves adhering together along the straight suture line, with each valve having equal-sized caudal tapering tails measuring 8.7 ± 0.6 ìm in length. The spores were surrounded by a thin anastomosed network of microfibrils, more evident on the tails. There were two symmetric elongated bottle-like polar capsules 3.5 ± 0.3 ìm long and 1.0 ± 0.2 ìm wide, each with a polar filament with five to six coils. Given the morphological and ultrastructural differences from previously described parasites and the specificity of the host species, we propose a new species, named H. hemiodopsis sp. n.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Fishes/parasitology , Gills/parasitology , Myxozoa/ultrastructure , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/parasitology , Spores, Protozoan/ultrastructure , Brazil , Myxozoa/classification , RiversABSTRACT
A new species of dactylogyrid monogenean, Apedunculata discoidea gen. n., sp. n. is described and illustrated from the gills of the freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) in pisciculture ponds from Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. Diagnostic characters of the new genus and species are: 1) vagina dextrolateral slightly sclerotised, opening anteriorly at level of copulatory complex; 2) copulatory organ coiled with two counterclockwise rings; 3) Accessory piece distal and not articulated; 4) body disk-shaped, lacking a peduncle.
Uma espécie nova de monogenético dactilogirídeo, Apedunculata discoidea gen. n., sp. n. parasita das brânquias do peixe de água doce Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) proveniente de pisciculturas de Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil, é descrita e ilustrada. As características diagnósticas do novo gênero e da nova espécie são: 1) vagina dextrolateral levemente esclerotizada, com abertura ao nível do complexo copulatório; 2) órgão copulatório em espiral com duas voltas no sentido anti-horário; 3) peça acessória distal e não articulada; 4) corpo com formato de disco e sem pedúnculo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Fishes/parasitology , Platyhelminths , Brazil , Platyhelminths/anatomy & histology , Platyhelminths/classification , Platyhelminths/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The description of Micropygomyia brandaoi, a new species of fossil phlebotomine sand fly, is based on one male specimen obtained from Dominican amber of the Miocene period (20 million years). In this new species, the fifth palpal segment is long, the coxite lacks a setal tuft and the style shows four well-developed spines. This set of characters allowed us to place the new species in the genus Micropygomyia Barretto.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Fossils , Psychodidae/classification , Amber , Dominican Republic , Psychodidae/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
A new species of the Culicoides hylas species group, Culicoides pseudoheliconiae Felippe-Bauer is described and illustrated based on female specimens from Peruvian Amazon, and Culicoides contubernalis Ortiz & Leon from Ecuador is resurrected and redescribed as a valid species. A systematic key, table with numerical characters of females of species of the Culicoides hylas group are given.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Ceratopogonidae/anatomy & histology , Ceratopogonidae/classification , Ecuador , PeruABSTRACT
É descrita uma nova espécie para o gênero Inaequalium (Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1984), Inaequaliumlundi sp.n. É proposto um novo grupo de espécies dentro de Inaequalium. Os imaturos de Inaequaliumlundi sp.n. foram coletados em cursos d'água em uma altitude de 2.800 m no complexo geológico denominado Pico da Neblina, Amazonas, Brasil.
A new species is described for the genus Inaequalium (Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1984), Inaequaliumlundi sp.n. A new group of species is proposed inside of Inaequalium. The immature of Inaequaliumlundi sp.n. were collected in running waters located in 2.800 meters of altitude, in the geological complex of the "Pico da Neblina", Amazon state, Brazil.
Subject(s)
Simuliidae , Classification , Diptera , CulicomorphaABSTRACT
Presentamos la descripción de triatoma boliviana sp. n. en base a caracteres morfológicos externos de 3 machos y 3 hembras siguiendo las claves de Lent y Wygodzinsky (1979) y Carcavallo y col. (1997). La nueva especie es muy similar a triatoma nigromaculata y fue capturada en valles subandinos de la Provincia Muñecas Departamento de La Paz Bolivia.
We present the description of Triatomaboliviana sp. n. based on morphological external characters of 3males and 3 females following the keys of Lent and Wygodzinsky(1979) and Carcavallo et al. (1997). The new species are very similarto Triatoma nigromaculata and was captured in Sub Andean valleysfrom Muñecas Province, Department of La Paz, Bolivia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chagas Disease/transmission , Insect Vectors/anatomy & histology , Triatoma/anatomy & histology , Triatoma/classification , Bolivia , Neglected Diseases/transmission , Insect Vectors/classificationABSTRACT
Rhopalurus guanambiensis n.sp. é descrita de Guanambi, Estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. A nova espécie aproxima-se de R. lacrau Lourenço & Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 (Itaeté, Estado da Bahia) por apresentar o mesmo número de séries de grânulos no dedo móvel da quela do pedipalpo, igual quantidade de carenas nos segmentos metasomais I, III, IV e V e pelo tamanho do corpo semelhante; aproxima-se de R. crassicauda Di Caporiacco, 1947 (Estado da Roraima) por apresentar o mesmo número de carenas nos segmentos metasomais I, II, IV e V, pela coloração mais escura dos dois últimos segmentos metasomais, que são dilatados e por apresentar aproximadamente o mesmo tamanho. Distingue-se de R. lacrau pela coloração diferente da carapaça, mesosoma e dos segmentos metasomais IV-V, maior número de dentes pectínios e pela presença de dez carenas no segmento metasomal II; de R.crassicauda, devido ao menor número de séries de grânulos no dedo móvel da quela do pedipalpo, maior número de dentes pectíneos, presença de oito carenas no segmento metasomal III e por apresentar um tubérculo subaculear acentuado no telson e carenas do segmento V do metasoma vestigiais. O macho de R. guanambiensis distingue-se da fêmea pela mão mais robusta e pela dilatação dos dois últimos segmentos do metasoma. A descrição desta espécie amplia para nove o número de espécies que ocorrem no Brasil.
Rhopalurus guanambiensis n. sp. is described from Guanambi, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The new species is related to R. lacrau Lourenço & Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 (Itaeté, state of Bahia) by having the same number of oblique rows of granules on the movable finger of the pedipalpal chela, same number of keels on metasomal segments I, III, IV, V and similar body size; it is related to R. crassicauda Di Caporiacco, 1947 (state of Roraima) by having the same number of keels on metasomal segments I, II, IV and V, last two metasomal segments darker colored and enlarged, and similar body size. It is distinguished from R. lacrau by the different color of the carapace, meso and metasomal segments IV-V, higher number of pectinal teeth and metasomal segment II with ten carinae; and from R. crassicauda by the lower number of oblique rows of granules on the movable finger of the pedipalp chela, metasomal segment III with eight carinae; segment V with vestigial keels and by the telson with a strong subaculear tubercle. The males of R. guanambiensis are distinguished from the female by having more robust pedipalp chelae and by the enlarged metasomal segments IV and V. This species raises the total number of species of the genus Rhopalurus in Brazil to nine.
ABSTRACT
The female of Ergasilus coatiarussp. n. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) is described from the gills filaments of Cichla monoculusSpix, 1831 from the Amazon basin. The new species differs from the others known for the genus in having only one segment in the exopod of the 4th leg and one serrate spine at the union of the 3rd and 4th segments of the antenna.
A fêmea de Ergasilus coatiarussp. n. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) é descrita dos filamentos branquiais de Cichla monoculusSpix, 1831, capturado na ilha da Marchantaria, próximo a Manaus, Brasil. A nova espécie difere das demais do gênero por apresentar apenas um segmento no exopódito da 4a perna e um espinho serrilhado na parte distal da articulação entre o 3º e 4º segmento da antena.
ABSTRACT
Pindapixaragen. n. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) is proposed for a new species P. tariracollected from the gill filaments of the freshwater fishes Hoplias malabaricus,(BLOCH, 1794) from Guaporé River, near Surprêsa, Rondônia, Brazil. Species of the new genus is principally characterised by having a small size (382 a 577 ), antennae with a big claw and third segment extremely reduced.
Pindapixaragen. n. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidac) é proposto para uma nova espécie, tarira,coletada dos filamentos branquiais de Hoplias malabaricus(Bloch, 1794) do Rio Guaporé, próximo a Surprêsa, Rondônia, Brasil. A espécie do novo gênero é caracterizada, principalmente, por apresentar um tamanho pequeno (382 a 577 m), antena com uma grande garra e o terceiro segmento extremamente reduzido.
ABSTRACT
Schikhobalotrema solitaria sp. n. is described from Stephanolepis hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758), and is characterized by the relation between oral sucker and pharynx 1:1,1. This Relation in the other species ranges between 1:0.3-0.6. It is more similar to S. manteri Siddiqi & Cable, 1960 in the distribution of vitellaria, differing from it in the size of vitelline follicles, extension of uterus and in the size of the eggs. S. acanthuri Yamaguti, 1970 is referred for the first time in South America in Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 representing a new host record.
Subject(s)
Animals , Trematode Infections/diagnosis , Trematode Infections/immunology , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Marine Fauna/analysis , Fishes/physiology , Marine Biology , BrazilABSTRACT
Boettcheria solo sp. n. from the Dominican Republic is described and it is argued that its most probable sister group is B. parkeri Aldrich, 1916 from Jamaica. Boettcheria Parker, 1914 is briefly diagnosed and a list of included species is provided.