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1.
CoDAS ; 36(2): e20230055, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520737

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the speech and voice patterns of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients over four years, and correlate the results with clinical aspects of the disease. Methods Data was collected for 4 years. The clinical assessment tools included the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score, the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification, and the Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life 15-item Scale (MG-QoL). To assess speech, the recorded speaking tasks were analyzed acoustically and given auditory-perceptual ratings. Sex (equal distribution) and age (p=0.949) were used as matching criteria in the final sample, which consisted of 10 individuals in the MG group (MGG) and 10 individuals in the control group (CG). Results After 4 years, the MG participants presented stable health status, increased mild and moderate dysarthria (from 40% to 90% of the subjects), and a significant deterioration in the respiration, phonation, and articulation subsystems. The acoustic analysis showed a decline in articulatory patterns (speech rate p=0.047, articulation rate p=0.007, mean syllable duration p=0.007) and vocal quality (increased jitter p=0.022). In the follow-up comparison, there was a significant difference between the phonation variables (shimmer and harmonic-to-noise ratio) of the MGG and CG. Conclusion The MG patients presented a decline in speech over four years and an increase in mild and moderate dysarthria. Despite presenting stable health status, their respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory subsystems worsened. There was no correlation between speech patterns and clinical characteristics of the disease (severity and motor scale).


RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o padrão de fala e voz de indivíduos com Miastenia Gravis (MG) em um intervalo de quatro anos e correlacionar com aspectos clínicos da doença. Método A coleta de dados foi realizada ao longo de 4 anos. A avaliação clínica foi composta pelo Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (QMGS), pela Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Classification (MGFA) e pela escala de qualidade de vida para Miastenia Gravis (MG-QOL). A avaliação da fala foi composta por gravação de tarefas, análise perceptivo-auditiva e análise acústica. A amostra final foi composta por 10 indivíduos em MG e 10 indivíduos no grupo controle (GC), pareados por sexo (distribuição igualitária) e idade (p=0,949). Resultados Após 4 anos, os indivíduos com MG apresentaram estabilidade clínica, aumento do diagnóstico de disartria leve e moderada (de 40% para 90% dos sujeitos) e diminuição significativa no desempenho dos subsistemas da fala: respiração, fonação e articulação. Na análise acústica, houve declínio do padrão articulatório (taxa de fala p=0,047, taxa de articulação p=0,007, duração média das sílabas p=0,007) e qualidade vocal (jitter aumentado p=0,022). Houve diferença significativa nas variáveis fonatórias (shimmer e harmonic-to-noise ratio) entre os grupos MG e GC na comparação do seguimento. Conclusão Indivíduos com MG apresentaram declínio no padrão de fala em um intervalo de quatro anos, com aumento no número de disártricos (leve e moderado). Mesmo com a estabilidade da doença, houve piora dos subsistemas respiratório, fonatório e articulatório. Não houve correlação entre o padrão de fala e as características clínicas da doença (gravidade e escala motora).

2.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 29: e2826, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550051

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo desenvolver a etapa de validade baseada nos processos de resposta do Protocolo de Análise Espectrográfica da Voz (PAEV). Métodos foram recrutados dez fonoaudiólogos e dez alunos de graduação em Fonoaudiologia, que aplicaram o PAEV em dez espectrogramas, realizaram o julgamento dos itens do PAEV e participaram de uma entrevista cognitiva. A partir das respostas, o PAEV foi reanalisado para reformulação ou para exclusão de itens. Utilizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado e os valores de acurácia para análise das respostas dos questionários, assim como análise qualitativa dos dados da entrevista cognitiva. Resultados os participantes obtiveram acurácia maior que 70% na maioria dos itens do PAE. Apenas sete itens alcançaram acurácia menor ou igual a 70%. Houve diferença entre as respostas de presença versus ausência de dificuldade na identificação dos itens no espectrograma. A maioria dos participantes não teve dificuldade na identificação dos itens do PAEV. Na entrevista cognitiva, apenas seis itens não obtiveram correta identificação da intenção, conforme verificado na análise qualitativa. Além disso, os participantes sugeriram exclusão de cinco itens. Conclusão após a etapa de validação baseada nos processos de resposta, o PAEV foi reformulado. Sete itens foram excluídos e dois itens foram reformulados. Dessa forma, a versão final do PAEV após essa etapa foi reduzida de 25 para 18 itens, distribuídos nos cinco domínios.


ABSTRACT Purpose To develop the validity step based on the response processes of the Spectrographic Analysis Protocol (SAP). Methods 10 speech therapists and 10 undergraduate students of the Speech Therapy course were recruited, who applied the SAP in 10 spectrograms, performed the evaluation of the PAE items, and participated in a cognitive interview (CI). The SAP was reanalyzed to reformulate or exclude items based on the responses. The chi-square test and the accuracy values were used to analyze the answers to the questionnaires and qualitative analysis of the CI data. Results the participants achieved accuracy > 70% in most items of the SAP. Only seven items achieved accuracy ≤ 70%. There was a difference between presence vs. absence of difficulty in identifying items in the spectrogram. Most participants had no problem identifying the SAP items. In the CI, only six items did not correctly identify the intention, verified in the qualitative analysis. In addition, participants suggested excluding five items. Conclusion After the validation step based on the response processes, the SAP is reformulated. Seven items were deleted, and two items were reformulated. Thus, the final version of the SAP after this stage was reduced from 25 to 18 items, distributed in the five domains.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sound Spectrography/methods , Speech Acoustics , Voice Quality , Voice Disorders/diagnostic imaging
3.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 27(1): 10-15, Jan.-Mar. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421686

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The acoustic analysis of speech (measurements of the fundamental frequency and formant frequencies) of different vowels produced by speakers with the Angle class II, division 1, malocclusion can provide information about the relationship between articulatory and phonatory mechanisms in this type of maxillomandibular disproportion. Objectives To investigate acoustic measurements related to the fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequencies (F1 and F2) of the oral vowels of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) produced by male speakers with Angle class II, division 1, malocclusion (study group) and compare with men with Angle class I malocclusion (control group). Methods In total, 60 men (20 with class II, 40 with class I) aged between 18 and 40 years were included in the study. Measurements of F0, F1 and F2 of the seven oral vowels of BP were estimated from the audio samples containing repetitions of carrier sentences. The statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test and the effect size was calculated. Results Significant differences (p-values) were detected for F0 values in five vowels ([e], [i], [o], [o] and [u]), and for F1 in vowels [a] and [ɔ], with high levels for class II, division 1. Conclusion Statistical differences were found in the F0 measurements with higher values in five of the seven vowels analysed in subjects with Angle class II, division 1. The formant frequencies showed differences only in F1 in two vowels with higher values in the study group. The data suggest that data on voice and speech production must be included in the protocol's assessment of patients with malocclusion.

4.
CoDAS ; 35(6): e20220173, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520724

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a frequência da variação da abertura das pregas vocais, analisada pela videoquimografia digital, com a frequência fundamental da voz, obtida através da análise acústica, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea. Método Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico transversal. Participaram 48 mulheres e 38 homens, de 18 a 55 anos. A avaliação foi composta por análise acústica da voz, obtida pela emissão habitual da vogal /a/ durante 3 segundos, e os dias da semana, e pela videoquimografia digital (DKG), obtida pela emissão habitual das vogais /i/ e /ɛ/. As medidas analisadas foram a frequência fundamental acústica (f0), extraída pelo programa Computerized Speech Lab (CSL), e a frequência dominante da variação de abertura da prega vocal direita (D-freq) e esquerda (E-freq), obtidas através do programa de processamento de imagens KIPS. A montagem dos quimogramas constou na demarcação manual da região, compostas por linhas verticais que delimitaram largura da prega vocal e linhas horizontais que marcaram os terços posterior, médio e anterior da rima glótica. Na análise estatística, o teste Anderson-Darling foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade da amostra. Os testes ANOVA e Tukey foram realizados para a comparação das medidas entre os grupos. Para a comparação da idade entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste Mann-Whitney. Resultados Não existem diferenças entre os valores da medida de frequência analisada pela videoquimografia digital, com a frequência fundamental acústica, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea. Conclusão Os valores da frequência dominante da variação de abertura das pregas vocais, avaliada pela videoquimografia digital, e a frequência fundamental acústica da voz são similares, permitindo uma comparação entre estas medidas na avaliação multidimensional da voz, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the frequency of vocal fold opening variation, analyzed by digital kymography, with the fundamental voice frequency obtained by acoustic analysis, in individuals without laryngeal alteration. Methods Observational analytical cross-sectional study. The participants were forty-eight women and 38 men from 18 to 55 years of age. The evaluation was made by voice acoustic analysis, by the habitual emission of the vowel /a/ for 3 seconds, and days of the week, and digital kymography (DKG), by the habitual emission of the vowels /i/ and /ɛ/. The measurements analyzed were acoustic fundamental frequency (f0), extracted by the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) program, and dominant frequency of the variation of right (R-freq) and left (L-freq) vocal fold opening, obtained through the KIPS image processing program. The mounting of the kymograms consisted in the manual demarcation of the region by vertical lines delimiting width and horizontal lines separating the posterior, middle and anterior thirds of the Rima glottidis. In the statistical analysis, the Anderson-Darling test was used to verify the normality of the sample. The ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed for the comparison of measurements between the groups. For the comparison of age between the groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used. Results There are no differences between the values of the frequency measurement analyzed by digital kymography, with the acoustic fundamental frequency, in individuals without laryngeal alteration. Conclusion The values of the dominant frequency of the vocal folds opening variation, as assessed by digital kymography, and the acoustic fundamental frequency of the voice are similar, allowing comparison between these measurements in the multidimensional evaluation of the voice, in individuals without laryngeal alteration.

5.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 28: e2791, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520263

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo identificar estudos a respeito dos parâmetros e dos tipos de avaliação utilizados para avaliar a disartria na esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Estratégia de pesquisa estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus e Cochrane, por meios dos descritores, em português e em inglês, "Avaliação AND Disartria AND Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica". Critérios de seleção os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos que abordavam estudos sobre avaliação da disartria na ELA, nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa, disponíveis na íntegra, no período de 2015 a 2022. Resultados do total de 38 estudos, apenas 3 usaram um único tipo de avaliação da disartria. A maior parte dos estudos utilizou mais de um tipo de avaliação variando de 2 a 4. Foram 3 os tipos de avaliação mais utilizados, com o intuito de avaliar o grau de inteligibilidade de fala: avaliação perceptivo-auditiva (31 estudos), avaliação acústica (18 estudos) e avaliação do movimento (27 estudos). Conclusão a avaliação da disartria na ELA é realizada por diferentes procedimentos e com vários parâmetros de análise, em especial pela avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e do movimento.


ABSTRACT Purpose to identify studies regarding the parameters and types of assessment used to evaluate dysarthria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Research strategy an integrative literature review study was conducted on the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane databases using the descriptors "Assessment AND Dysarthria AND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" in both Portuguese and English. Selection criteria the inclusion criteria consisted of articles that addressed studies on dysarthria assessment in ALS, written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, which should be available in full, and published from 2015 to 2022. Results: out of the total of 38 studies, only 3 used a single type of dysarthria assessment. Most studies employed more than one type of assessment, ranging from 2 to 4 types. Three assessment types were predominantly used to assess the degree of speech intelligibility: auditoryperceptual assessment (31 studies), acoustic assessment (18 studies), and movement assessment (27 studies). Conclusion dysarthria assessment in ALS is conducted through various procedures and with multiple analysis parameters, notably through auditory-perceptual and movement assessments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Auditory Perception , Speech Acoustics , Speech Intelligibility , Speech Production Measurement , Early Diagnosis , Dysarthria , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis
6.
Rev. CEFAC ; 24(2): e6821, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394602

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify genetically enhanced physical skills (speed, strength, endurance and motor coordination), provided by the dermatoglyphic method and to analyze the preliminary correlation between dermatoglyphic and acoustic data of lyrical and pop singers. Methods: the study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee. Four male singers were evaluated (two lyrical and two pop singers), 31-53 years old. Data collection and analysis procedures comprised (1) Survey -Self-Perception of Vocal Characteristics in Singers (vocal habits, voice performance and phenotypic characteristics); (2) Dermatoglyphic Profile (fingerprint image digitalization: predominance of digital drawings (Arch, Loop and Whorl); scores of deltas (D10); the Total Ridge Count (TRC); digital formula and dermatoglyphic profile (aerobic, anaerobic and mix)); (3) Acoustic Analysis (the Expression Evaluator script application to the audio recordings: f0, intensity, spectral slope and long-term average spectrum - LTAS values); and (4) Integrated (Statistical) Analysis; cluster analysis. Results: correlations were found between dermatoglyphic variables (Arch, Loop, Whorl, D10, TRC) and acoustic parameters (f0 (median); intensity (asymmetry); spectral slope (mean); and LTAS (SD)). The dermatoglyphic profile did not segregate singing styles. Conclusion: the dermatoglyphic profiles showed a preliminary correlation with the acoustic vocal measures, especially f0 and LTAS measures.

7.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 27: e2661, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420255

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a correlação das diferentes médias tonais (tritonal, quadritonal e octonal) com o Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala e com a desvantagem auditiva. Métodos Participaram do estudo 56 sujeitos, distribuídos em dois grupos, com configuração audiométrica descendente: Grupo 1 (G1) - 28 sujeitos com média tritonal igual ou inferior a 25 dBNA e Grupo 2 (G2) - 28 sujeitos com média tritonal pior que 25 dBNA (G2), sendo pareados quanto ao gênero e idade (p= 0,544). Todos foram submetidos à audiometria tonal liminar, Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala (IPRF) com lista monossilábica de palavras gravadas, medidas de imitância acústica e ao questionário Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults. A análise de correlação foi realizada entre as médias de três frequências (M3), de quatro frequências (M4) e de oito frequências (M8) com o IPRF e com a desvantagem auditiva, utilizando o teste de correlação de Spearman, sendo o nível de significância considerado <0,05 (5%). Resultados Evidenciou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa do IPRF com a M8, para o G1, e do IPRF com M4 e M8, para o G2. Observou-se tendência à significância, tanto para o G1, como para o G2, em relação à M8, quando correlacionada com a desvantagem auditiva, demonstrando que analisar as oito frequências do audiograma (frequências mais agudas que 4000 Hz) parece possibilitar maior compreensão em relação à desvantagem auditiva do paciente. Conclusão Houve correlação estatisticamente significativa do IPRF com a M8, nos dois grupos, denotando uma redução no desempenho do IPRF, com o aumento da média, considerando as oito frequências. A M8 refletiu melhor a desvantagem auditiva causada pela perda auditiva, no G1.


ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the correlation of different tonal means (tritonal, quadritonal and octanol) with the Percentage Index of Speech Recognition and with hearing disadvantage. Methods 56 subjects participated in the study, distributed into two groups, with descendant audiometric configuration: Subjects with tritonal average equal to or less than 25 dB HL(G1) and subjects with a tritone average worse than 25 dB HL(G2), being matched for sex and age (p=0.544). All were safe by Threshold Tone Audiometry, Speech Recognition Percentage Index (IPRF) with a list of keywords, Acoustic I Measures and the Elearing Handicap Inventory for Adults. The correlation analysis was performed between the averages, of three frequencies (M3), of four frequencies (M4) and of eight frequencies (M8) with the IPRF and with auditory disadvantage, using the Spearman correlation test, the significance level being considered <0.05 (5%). Results There was a statistically significant correlation of the IPRF with M8 , for G1, and the IPRF with M4 and M8, for G2. There was a tendency towards significance, both for G1 and G2, in relation to M8 when correlated with hearing impairment, demonstrating that analyzing the eight frequencies of the audiogram (frequencies higher than 4000 Hz) seems to allow a greater understanding of the patient's hearing handicap. Conclusion There was a statistically significant correlation between the IPRF and M8, in both groups, denoting a reduction in the performance of the IPRF, with an increase in the mean, considering the eight frequencies. M8 better reflected the hearing disadvantage caused by the hearing loss in G1.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods , Auditory Perception , Speech Acoustics , Voice Recognition , Hearing Loss/physiopathology
8.
CoDAS ; 33(3): e20200155, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286102

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar as modificações acústicas e de autopercepção obtidas após o primeiro, terceiro, quinto e sétimo minuto de prática da técnica de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada, realizada com o dispositivo Shaker®. Método Participaram do estudo 27 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 41 anos com e sem queixa vocal. A vogal sustentada /ε/ foi registrada em tempo máximo de fonação antes (pré-exercício) e após o primeiro, terceiro, quinto e o sétimo minuto de execução da técnica de oscilação oral de alta frequência sonorizada com o dispositivo Shaker®. Foi realizada a análise acústica dos seguintes parâmetros: ruído, frequência fundamental, glottal to noise excitation, Jitter, Shimmer e número de harmônicos. Resultados Não houve diferenças significativas na comparação dos parâmetros acústicos entre as participantes com e sem sintomas vocais. Observou-se melhora na autopercepção do desconforto vocal nos grupos das mulheres com e sem sintomas vocais, comparando-se o momento antes da prática com o primeiro e terceiro minutos de prática. Houve redução dos valores de Jitter, ao comparar o momento antes da prática com os momentos após um e sete minutos e ao comparar os momentos após cinco e sete minutos de exercício, no grupo de mulheres com sintomas vocais. Conclusão A técnica com o Shaker® mostrou resultados positivos, tanto em indivíduos com sintomas quanto em indivíduos sem sintomas vocais.


ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the acoustic and self-perception modifications obtained after the first, third, fifth and seventh minutes of voice oral high-frequency oscillation practice accomplished with the Shaker® device. Methodology Twenty-seven women aged between 18 and 41 years with and without vocal complaint participated in the study. The sustained vowel / ε / was recorded at maximum phonation time before (pre-exercise) and after the first, third, fifth and seventh minutes of voice oral high-frequency oscillation practice accomplished with Shaker®. The acoustic analysis of the following parameters was performed: noise, fundamental frequency, glottal to noise excitation, Jitter, Shimmer and number of harmonics. Results There were no significant differences in the comparison of the acoustic parameters between the participants with and without vocal symptoms. It was observed an improvement in the self-perception of vocal discomfort in the groups of women with and without vocal symptoms, comparing the moment before the practice with the first and third minutes of practice. There was a reduction in Jitter values when comparing the time before practice with the moments after one and seven minutes and when comparing the moments after five and seven minutes of exercise in the group of women with vocal symptoms. Conclusion The Shaker® technique showed positive results both in individuals with symptoms and in individuals without vocal symptoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Voice , Voice Disorders , Phonation , Speech Acoustics , Voice Quality , Voice Training
9.
Rev. CEFAC ; 23(6): e8521, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351507

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the acoustic and self-perceived voice changes in women with and without voice symptoms after 1, 3, 5, and 7 minutes of straw phonation exercises. Methods: a total of 30 women aged 18 to 39 years participated in the study - 17 with and 13 without voice symptoms. The participants filled in the visual analog scale on self-perceived voice discomfort. The sustained vowel /ɛ/ was recorded in maximum phonation time before (m0) and after the first, third, fifth, and seventh minute performing straw phonation exercises. The maximum phonation time was measured, and an acoustic analysis was made, encompassing the following parameters: the number of harmonics, fundamental frequency, noise, glottal-to-noise excitation ratio (GNE), jitter, and shimmer. The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare each parameter at the different moments, and the Mann-Whitney test, to compare the groups. The 5% significance level was set for the analyses. Results: no changes were found in either the acoustic variables or the self-perception of voice comparing the moments before and after the exercises in either group. The comparison between the groups revealed that the one with voice symptoms had lower GNE and higher noise values at the second moment performing the technique. Conclusion: the straw phonation did not cause acoustic or self-perceived voice changes in women with and without voice symptoms. The comparison between the groups showed that the women with symptoms had lower GNE and higher noise values than those without symptoms, after 1 minute performing straw phonation.


RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as modificações acústicas e na autopercepção da voz em mulheres com e sem sintomas vocais, após um, três, cinco e sete minutos da prática de fonação em canudo. Métodos: participaram do estudo 30 mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 39 anos, das quais 17 apresentavam sintomas vocais e 13 não apresentavam sintomas vocais. As participantes preencheram a Escala Visual Analógica sobre a autopercepção de desconforto vocal. Realizou-se a gravação da vogal /ɛ/ sustentada em tempo máximo de fonação antes da prática (m0) e após o primeiro, terceiro, quinto e sétimo minutos de execução do exercício de fonação em canudo. Foi obtida a medida de tempo máximo de fonação e realizada análise acústica. Os parâmetros acústicos analisados foram: número de harmônicos, frequência fundamental, ruído, glottal-to-noise excitation ratio (GNE), Jitter e Shimmer. Foram utilizados os testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon para comparar cada parâmetro nos diferentes momentos e o Teste de Mann-Whitney para comparação entre os grupos. Considerou-se o nível de 5% de significância nas análises. Resultados: não houve modificações nas variáveis acústicas ou na autopercepção da voz quando comparados os momentos pré e pós-exercício em ambos os grupos. Nas comparações entre os grupos, observou-se que o grupo com sintomas vocais apresentou menor GNE e maior ruído no segundo momento de execução da técnica. Conclusão: a fonação em canudo não proporcionou modificações acústicas ou na autopercepção da voz de mulheres com e sem sintomas vocais. Na comparação entre os grupos, as mulheres com sintomas apresentaram menor GNE e maior ruído do que as sem sintomas, após um minuto da prática de fonação em canudo.

10.
CoDAS ; 32(5): e2019022, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133522

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as medidas de frequência fundamental, jitter eletroglotográfico, quociente de contato e periodicidade das ondas eletroglotográficas da voz de cantores em registro modal. Método: Estudo observacional de corte transversal que selecionou indivíduos de escolas de canto da região central do município de Belo Horizonte-MG. A amostra foi não probabilística, por conveniência, composta por 60 indivíduos cantores com faixa etária entre 18 e 55 anos, sendo 30 homens e 30 mulheres. Para a coleta do registro eletroglotográfico, foi utilizado o programa CSL da Kay Pentax™, model 6103, módulo Electroglottography. Os participantes foram posicionados sentados e, após a higienização da pele do pescoço com álcool 70 %, dois eletrodos foram colocados nas alas da cartilagem tireóidea no nível das pregas vocais. Posteriormente, os participantes foram orientados a emitir a vogal /a/ sustentada de forma habitual. Foram analisadas as medidas de frequência fundamental (f0), quociente de contato (QC), jitter eletroglotográfico e periodicidade da onda eletroglotográfica. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o Minitab 17. Resultados: Os parâmetros analisados foram estatisticamente significantes. A frequência fundamental (f0) foi maior nas mulheres (226,91 Hz) quando comparada com a dos homens (166,54 Hz). As medidas de quociente de contato e de periodicidade também foram maiores nas mulheres (40,46 % e 15,51 %, respectivamente) se comparadas às dos homens (27,45 % e 7,82, respectivamente). O parâmetro de jitter foi maior nos homens, quando comparado ao das mulheres. Conclusão: Os valores de frequência fundamental (f0), quociente de contato (QC) e periodicidade da onda foram maiores nas mulheres. O valor de jitter foi maior nos homens.


ABSTRACT Purpose: Analyze the measures of the fundamental frequency, electroglotographic jitter, contact quotient and periodicity of the electroglotographic waves of the singers in habitual voice. Method: A cross-sectional observational study, which selected individuals from singing schools in the central region of the municipality of Belo Horizonte. The sample was non-probabilistic, for convenience consisted of 60 singers aged between 18 and 55 years, 30 males and 30 females. For the electroglotographic record collection, the Kay Pentax ™ CSL program, model 6103, the Electroglotographic module was used. The participants were placed in a seated position, and after cleaning the skin of the neck with 70% alcohol, two electrodes were placed on the wings of the thyroid cartilage at the level of the vocal folds. Subsequently, the participants were instructed to emit the vowel/a/sustained in a habitual way. The measurements of the fundamental frequency (f0), contact quotient (QC), electroglotographic jitter and periodicity of the electroglotographic wave were analyzed. The data were statistically analyzed using Minitab 17. Results: The parameters analyzed were statistically significant. The fundamental frequency (f0) was higher in females (226.91Hz) when compared to males (166.54Hz). The measure of contact quotient and periodicity was also higher in women (40.46% and 15.51% respectively) when compared to men (27.45% and 7.82, respectively). The jitter parameter was higher in men when compared to women. Conclusion: Women presented higher values in the fundamental frequency (f0), contact quotient (QC) and periodicity of the wave compared to men. The men presented the jitter value higher than that of the women.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Voice , Singing , Speech Acoustics , Voice Quality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Middle Aged
11.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 25: e2345, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131796

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar e comparar os parâmetros vocais de usuários de dois tipos de dispositivos auditivos, IC e AASI, com perda auditiva pré e pós-lingual, a fim de verificar a influência desses dispositivos auditivos no feedback auditivo e na qualidade vocal. Métodos participaram dez adultos usuários de IC e oito adultos usuários de AASI, sendo nove com perda auditiva pré-lingual e nove com pós-lingual. Realizou-se avaliação perceptivoauditiva por meio do protocolo Consenso da Avaliação Perceptivoauditiva da Voz e análise acústica da voz pelo software PRAAT. A análise estatística utilizou testes não paramétricos, como Mann Whitney U e correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados Observou-se diferença nas características sociodemográficas entre os grupos. Apesar de resultados semelhantes nos achados vocais, observou-se significância ao comparar os grupos de IC e AASI, em relação às frequências dos três primeiros formantes de algumas vogais e tensão vocal. Os sujeitos com perda auditiva pré-lingual apresentaram maior grau geral de desvio vocal e hipernasalidade. Conclusão Houve semelhança nos parâmetros vocais de ambos os grupos, não sendo possível inferir o impacto dos diferentes tipos de dispositivos auditivos analisados nos parâmetros acústicos da voz.


ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze and compare the voice parameters of users of two types of hearing devices (CI and HA) with prelingual and postlingual hearing loss, and verify the influence these hearing devices have on the auditory feedback and voice quality. Methods The sample comprised 10 CI-using adults and eight HA-using adults - nine with prelingual and nine with postlingual hearing loss. The auditory-perceptual assessment was conducted with the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice protocol, as well as acoustic analysis of the voice, with the PRAAT software. The statistical analysis used nonparametric tests, such as the Mann-Whitney U and the Spearman correlation, with a p ≤ 0.05 significance level. Results A difference was observed in the sociodemographic characteristics between the groups. Despite the similar results in the voice findings, a significance was observed when comparing the CI and HA groups, regarding the frequencies of the first three formants of some vowels and voice strain. The subjects with prelingual hearing loss had a higher general degree of deviation in the voice and hypernasality. Conclusion There was a similarity in the voice parameters of both groups. Hence, it was not possible to infer the impact of the different types of hearing devices analyzed in the acoustic parameters of the voice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Speech Acoustics , Speech Perception , Speech Production Measurement , Voice Quality , Hearing Aids , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Hearing Loss/rehabilitation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Cochlear Implantation
12.
J. appl. oral sci ; 28: e20190399, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1101253

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the acoustic properties of the /s/ sound in individuals with different occlusion types and to investigate relationships between these properties and cephalometric measurements. Methodology Sixty patients were divided into three groups based on malocclusion. Group 1 included 20 patients (mean age: 14.85±2.01 years) with Class I skeletal and dental relationships. Group 2 included 20 patients (mean age: 13.49±1.78 years) with Class II skeletal and dental relationships. Group 3 included 20 patients (mean age: 12.46±2.62 years) with Class III skeletal and dental relationships. Cephalometric tracings were obtained from cephalometric radiographs. All included patients were native speakers of Turkish. The /s/ sound was selected for center of gravity analysis. Correlations between cephalometric values and acoustic parameters were also investigated. Results The center of gravity of the /s/ sound had the lowest value in Group 2 (p<0.05). For the /s/ sound in Group 3, moderate positive correlations were found between center of gravity and Sella-Nasion to Gonion-Gnathion angle (p<0.05, r=0.444) Lower incisor to Nasion-B point (p<0.023, r=0.505), and Lower incisor to Nasion-B point angle (p<0.034; r=0.476). No correlation was found in other cephalometric measurements. Conclusions The /s/ sound was affected by malocclusion due to the changing place of articulation. Therefore, referral to an orthodontist for malocclusion treatment especially patients with class III in the early period is suggested for producing acoustically ideal sound.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Speech Acoustics , Speech Disorders/physiopathology , Cephalometry , Malocclusion/physiopathology , Reference Values , Speech Disorders/etiology , Speech Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Tongue/anatomy & histology , Tongue/physiopathology , Turkey , Radiography , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Malocclusion/complications , Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/physiopathology , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Maxilla/physiopathology
13.
Chinese Journal of Neurology ; (12): 613-619, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-756045

ABSTRACT

Objective To analyze the acoustic features of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD),and to explore the correlation between the acoustic features and the severity and course of disease.Methods Fifty-two patients with PD from the Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical University and the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University from August to December 2015 were enrolled into this study.Thirty-two age-matched healthy people served as control group.PD patients were tested with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) staging.And all the patients were tested with Mini-Mental State Examiantion (MMSE) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI).The voice samples of all subjects were collected and the frequency perturbation (jitter),amplitude perturbation (shimmer),and harmonic-to-noise ratio (NHR) were analyzed using a vocal assessment.Fundamental frequency (F0),standard deviation of fundamental frequency (SDF0) and formant ratio (F2i/F2u) were analyzed using a real-time speech measuring instrument.The acoustic parameters of the two groups were compared and the correlation between the parameters of the patients and the disease and course of disease was analyzed.Results Subjective assessment using VHI showed a total of 24 VHI abnormalities (46%) in the PD group,including 13 males (54%),11 females (46%).No VHI abnormalities were found in the control group.Among the parameters analyzed by objective acoustic method,compared with the control group (female/a/1.43(1.19,1.92),/i/3.39(1.49,9.85),/u/1.46(1.23,3.85);male/a/1.06(0.92,1.89),/u/1.30(1.07,1.64)),the SDF0 of the three vowels of the female patients in the PD group (/a/2.99(1.81,4.12),Z=5.429,P<0.01;/i/10.89(5.47,22.20),Z=8.487,P<0.01;/u/5.16(3.75,7.80),Z=7.138,P<0.01) and /a/ and /u/ of the male patients in the PD group (/a/2.16(1.73,2.94),Z=4.858,P=0.002;/u/3.70(2.41,5.43),Z=7.664,P<0.01) were significantly increased,and the F2i/F2u in the PD group (male 1.96±0.84,female 1.81± 1.14) was lower than that in the control group (male 3.48±0.70,female 4.14± 1.08),and the difference was statistically significant (t=-6.669,-6.844,P<0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in frequency perturbation,amplitude perturbation,harmonic noise ratio and fundamental frequency.Only the fundamental frequency standard deviation of the sound parameters used in the study was correlated with the disease course of PD patients.After the severity of the disease was assessed by H-Y staging,the frequency perturbation (jitter),amplitude perturbation (shimmer) in the middle and late stage patients were higher than those in the early stage patients,and the difference of frequency perturbation in the three vowels was statistically significant,and the difference of amplitude perturbation in the vowels/i/and/u/was statistically significant.No correlation was found between the acoustic parameters and UPDRS score.Conclusions Consonance disorders are common in PD patients,and the changes in acoustic parameters are mainly manifested as the increase in the SDF0 and the decrease in the F2i/F2u.Acoustic parameters can be used as an effective indicator to evaluate the condition and course of PD patients,and further language tasks need to be added to clarify.

14.
Journal of Audiology & Otology ; : 187-192, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-764227

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clear speech is an effective communication strategy used in difficult listening situations that draws on techniques such as accurate articulation, a slow speech rate, and the inclusion of pauses. Although too slow speech and improperly amplified spectral information can deteriorate overall speech intelligibility, certain amplitude of increments of the mid-frequency bands (1 to 3 dB) and around 50% slower speech rates of clear speech, when compared to those in conversational speech, were reported as factors that can improve speech intelligibility positively. The purpose of this study was to identify whether amplitude increments of mid-frequency areas and slower speech rates were evident in Korean clear speech as they were in English clear speech. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To compare the acoustic characteristics of the two methods of speech production, the voices of 60 participants were recorded during conversational speech and then again during clear speech using a standardized sentence material. RESULTS: The speech rate and long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS) were analyzed and compared. Speech rates for clear speech were slower than those for conversational speech. Increased amplitudes in the mid-frequency bands were evident for the LTASS of clear speech. CONCLUSIONS: The observed differences in the acoustic characteristics between the two types of speech production suggest that Korean clear speech can be an effective communication strategy to improve speech intelligibility.


Subject(s)
Acoustics , Rehabilitation , Speech Acoustics , Speech Intelligibility , Speech Perception , Voice
15.
Rev. CEFAC ; 21(4): e19118, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041109

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify speech characteristics regarding the production of fricative sounds in people with dentofacial deformities (DFD), through acoustic analysis, evaluating possible interferences of the variation of the osseous bases in the articulation of speech. Methods: fifteen adults of both genders, aged between 17 and 42, participated in the study. They were distributed in three groups: GII (n = 5) Skeletal Class II, GIII (n = 5) Skeletal Class III, and CG (n = 5) without DFD. All of them had their voices recorded, with key words containing the fricative sounds of Brazilian Portuguese (BP), and acoustically analyzed; the parameters: duration, intensity, and formants F1, F2. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups. Results: there were differences (p <0.05) when comparing GII and GIII with CG. For the variable duration GIII obtained higher value in the fricative sound /z/ (r = 0.016, p <0.05). The variable intensity was higher for GII in /z/ (r = 0.028, p <0.05), and higher for GIII in /f/ (r = 0.028, p <0.05), /v/ (r = 0.028, p<0.05) and /ʃ/ (r = 0.036, p <0.05). For the variable F1, GII obtained a higher value for the syllable /za/ (r = 0.047, p <0.05). In the variable F2, GII obtained the lowest value in the syllable /ʒa/ (r = 0.047, p <0.05). Conclusion: the disharmony of the maxillomandibular osseous bases results in interference in speech acoustic characteristics regarding fricative sounds.


RESUMO Objetivo: verificar as características da fala quanto a produção dos sons fricativos em indivíduos com deformidades dentofaciais (DDF), por meio da análise acústica, analisando possíveis interferências da variação das bases ósseas na articulação da fala. Métodos: participaram 15 indivíduos adultos, ambos os sexos, com idade entre 17 a 42 anos. Distribuídos em 3 grupos: GII (n=5) Classe II esquelética, GIII (n=5) Classe III esquelética e GC (n=5) sem (DDF). Todos tiveram suas vozes gravadas, com "palavras-chave" contendo os sons fricativos do português brasileiro (PB), e analisadas acusticamente, os parâmetros: duração, intensidade, e formantes F1, F2. Para a comparação entre os grupos foi utilizado o Teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: houve diferenças (p<0,05) ao comparar GII e GIII com GC. Para a variável duração GIII obteve valor maior no som fricativo /z/ (r=0,016; p<0,05). A variável intensidade foi maior para o GII em /z/ (r=0,028; p<0,05), e maior para o GIII em /f/ (r=0,028; p<0,05), /v/ (r=0,028; p<0,05) e /ʃ/ (r=0,036; p<0,05). Para a variável F1, GII obteve valor maior para a sílaba /za/ (r=0,047; p<0,05). Na variável F2 o GII obteve valor mais baixo na sílaba /ʒa/ (r=0,047; p<0,05). Conclusão: a desarmonia das bases ósseas maxilomandibulares resulta em interferência nas características acústicas da fala quanto aos sons fricativos.

16.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 24: e2113, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001369

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar os valores das medidas acústicas da voz, extraídas de gravações vocais realizadas com dois tipos de microfones. Métodos Participaram da pesquisa 103 pessoas do sexo feminino, com idades entre 18 e 54 anos. Foram coletadas amostras da vogal sustentada /e/, captadas por dois microfones, simultaneamente: Shure SM58 e Karsect HT-9. Foi realizada a análise acústica das vozes, com a extração de valores de frequência fundamental (F0), variação da frequência (Jitter) e variação de amplitude dos segmentos fundamentais da voz (Shimmer) e proporção Glottal to Noise Excitation (GNE). Resultados Houve diferenças entre os microfones apenas na medida de Shimmer, com predomínio de valores mais altos captados pelo Karsect HT-9. Porém, os resultados de ambos os microfones estiveram dentro dos padrões de normalidade do software utilizado. Conclusão Os resultados da análise acústica extraídos a partir da gravação de voz realizada com os microfones Shure SM58 e Karsect HT-9 foram semelhantes, concluindo-se que ambos os microfones podem ser utilizados para gravação do sinal sonoro na análise acústica.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare acoustic measurements of voice recorded by two types of microphones. Methods The study counted with 103 women from 18 to 54 years old. The recorded sample was the sustained vowel /ɛ/. The acoustic signal was picked up simultaneously by two unidirectional microphones: the Shure SM58 and the Karsect HT-9. The acoustic analysis was performed on these edited vocal samples. The measured parameters were F0, Jitter, Shimmer and Glottal to Noise Excitation (GNE) ratio. Results Recurrent differences between the microphones were observed only in Shimmer measurement (p=0.026); the Karsect HT-9 presented higher values. However, the acoustic measures were within the normal range for healthy voices, despite of the microphone used. Conclusion The acoustic analysis results extracted from the voice recording performed with the Shure SM58 and the Karsect HT-9 microphones were similar. Hence, it can be deduced that, connected to a high-quality interface, both microphones can be used in the acoustic analysis to record the sound signal.


Subject(s)
Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Speech Acoustics , Voice Quality , Tape Recording , Brazil , Statistics, Nonparametric
17.
Rev. CEFAC ; 20(5): 680-687, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976880

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The purpose was to compare differences in production of plosive phonemes through the voice onset time (VOT) measurement in the speech of monolingual children, speakers of Brazilian Portuguese and bilingual children, speakers of both Brazilian Portuguese and English. The sample consisted of three monolingual children and three bilingual children; average age was 7 years. A speech emission was recorded for the investigation, which had the following vehicle phrase: "Diga 'papa' baixinho" ("Say 'papa' quietly"). Papa was then replaced by "baba", "tata", "dada", "caca" and "gaga". The measurements of the acoustic signals were performed through broadband spectrograms, and VOT was descriptively analyzed for the non-voiced sounds [p, t, k] and voiced [b, d, g] plosive sounds. Monolingual children presented higher average VOT values for [p, t, k] compared to bilingual children. For the [b, d, g] sounds, monolingual children had lower average VOT values, as compared to bilingual children. It was concluded that in the comparison of VOT measures of the speech samples, the monolingual children of Brazilian Portuguese presented higher values for the non voiced ones and lower for the voiced ones in relation to the bilingual children speakers of Brazilian Portuguese and English.


RESUMO O objetivo foi comparar as diferenças na produção de fonemas plosivos por meio da medida acústica voice onset time a partir da amostra de fala de três crianças monolíngues do português brasileiro e três bilíngues do português brasileiro e do inglês, na faixa etária de sete anos. Para isso foi gravada uma emissão de fala com a repetição da frase veículo "Diga papa baixinho", com a gravação posterior da substituição de papa por "baba, tata, dada, caca e gaga". As medidas do sinal acústico foram realizadas por meio do espectrograma de banda larga e o voice onset time (VOT) analisado de forma descritiva para os sons não vozeados [p, t, k] e para os vozeados [b, d, g]. Como resultados, os valores do VOT de [p, t, k] das crianças monolíngües apresentaram médias superiores em relação aos valores das crianças bilíngues. Para os sons [b, d, g] as crianças monolíngues mostraram valores de VOT com médias inferiores em relação às bilíngues. Concluiu-se que na comparação das medidas de VOT das amostras de fala as crianças monolíngues do português brasileiro apresentaram valores maiores para as não vozeadas e menores para as vozeadas em relação as das crianças bilíngues do português brasileiro e do inglês.

18.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 22: e1732, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-950632

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Introdução Análises instrumentais de fala, como a análise acústica e a articulatória (por exemplo, as imagens de ultrassom de língua), podem identificar habilidades linguísticas dos falantes, não detectadas por análise perceptivoauditiva. Objetivo Comparar os parâmetros acústicos e articulatórios entre as oclusivas alveolares e velares e entre crianças com desenvolvimento típico de fala e crianças com desvio fonológico. Métodos A amostra consistiu de 15 crianças com desenvolvimento típico de fala e sete crianças com desvio fonológico. O corpus foi composto pelas palavras alvo: /'kapə/, /'tapə/, /'galo/ e /'daɾə/, inseridas em frase veículo e nomeadas espontaneamente. Foi realizada a gravação simultânea de áudio e vídeo (imagens de ultrassonografia de língua). Os dados passaram por análise acústica e articulatória. Resultados Seis (pico espectral, centroide, variância, assimetria, curtose e transição consoante-vogal) dos nove parâmetros acústicos investigados não mostraram distinções entre os grupos. Os valores de pico espectral e transição consoante-vogal foram os únicos não significativos para a marcação do contraste alvo. Em relação aos dados de ultrassonografia, a proporção de eixos significantes das regiões anterior e posterior de língua mostrou algumas diferenças no grupo típico, diferentemente do grupo com desvio fonológico. As curvas de língua também evidenciaram particularidades, em ambos os grupos. Conclusão Os parâmetros acústicos e articulatórios forneceram evidências sobre o contraste fônico entre oclusivas alveolares e velares, na amostra estudada. Observou-se um refinamento articulatório das crianças com desenvolvimento típico de fala e a presença de contrastes encobertos na fala das crianças com desvio fonológico.


ABSTRACT Introduction Speech instrumental analysis, such as acoustic and articulatory (e.g. ultrasound tongue images) may identify speakers' undetected linguistic skills through auditory perceptual analysis. Purpose To compare the acoustic and articulatory parameters between alveolar and velar stops and between children with typical speech development and children with phonological disorders. Methods The sample consisted of fifteen children with typical speech development and seven children with phonological disorders. The corpus was organized through the target-words: /'kapə/, /'tapə/, /'galo/ and /'daɾə/, into carrier phrase and spontaneously named. Simultaneous audio and video (tongue ultrasound images) recording were performed. The data was analyzed in acoustic and articulatory ways. Results Six (spectral peak, centroid, variance, skewness, kurtosis and consonant-vowel transition) of the nine acoustic parameters investigated did not demonstrate any distinctions between children with and without speech alterations. Only spectral peak and consonant-vowel transition values were not significant for differentiating the target contrast. In relation to the ultrasound data, the proportion of significant axes of the tongue's anterior and posterior region showed some significant variations in the typical group, different from the group with phonological disorders. The tongue curves also evidenced particularities between the groups. Conclusion The acoustic and articulatory parameters provided evidence about the phonic contrast between alveolar and velar stops in the studied sample. It was observed an articulatory refining of children with typical speech development and the presence of covert contrast in the speech of children with phonological disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Speech Acoustics , Speech Disorders , Speech Sound Disorder , Tongue/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography
19.
CoDAS ; 29(6): e20170022, 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890805

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar parâmetros vocais e acústicos de crianças infectadas e não infectadas pelo HIV (Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana). Método Amostras vocais foram submetidas às análises perceptivo-auditiva e acústica. Foram analisadas amostras da vogal sustentada /ε/ e da fala encadeada de 74 crianças entre seis e 12 anos incompletos, divididas em dois grupos: 37 crianças infectadas pelo HIV (GHIV) e 37 crianças não infectadas pelo HIV (Grupo Controle=GC), pareadas por idade e gênero, e sem avaliação vocal prévia; todas as crianças eram pré-púberes, pelos Critérios de Tanner (MS, 2014). As crianças tiveram suas vozes gravadas e analisadas pelo programa VoxMetria 5.1, no período de 2014 a 2015. A análise perceptivo-auditiva avaliou o grau geral da qualidade vocal e foi realizada utilizando-se a escala analógico-visual (EAV) de 100 pontos, transformada em escala numérica de 4 pontos (0- ausência de desvio e 4- desvio intenso). A avaliação acústica constou da análise da distribuição da amostra vocal no Diagrama de Desvio Fonatório (DDF). A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos, sob o número 122.746. Resultados Na análise perceptivo-auditiva, a maioria das crianças de ambos os grupos foi avaliada como apresentando vozes sem desvio, grau 0 na escala numérica. Na análise acústica, não houve diferença entre os grupos na distribuição das amostras no DDF, com a maioria das amostras na área de normalidade, no primeiro quadrante, com distribuição de densidade ampliada e forma vertical. Conclusão Crianças infectadas pelo HIV apresentaram vozes semelhantes às de crianças sem a doença, tanto do ponto de vista auditivo quanto acústico.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare vocal and acoustic parameters of HIV-infected children and non-HIV-infected children. Methods Vocal samples were submitted to auditory-perceptual and acoustic analysis. Samples of the sustained vowel /ε/ and continuous speech of 74 children between 6 and incomplete 12 years old were analyzed, divided into two groups: 37 HIV-infected children (GHIV) and 37 non-HIV-infected children, the control group (CG), age and gender-matched and without previous vocal evaluation; they were all prepubescent by the Tanner Stages (MS, 2014). The children had their voices recorded and analyzed by VoxMetria 5.1, in the period between 2014 and 2015. The auditory-perceptual analysis assessed the overall degree of the vocal quality and was performed using a 100-point visual analogue scale, transformed into a 4 point numerical scale (0 = no vocal deviation and 4 = severe vocal deviation). The acoustic evaluation was based on the analysis of the vocal sample distribution in the Phonatory Deviation Diagram (PDD). The research was approved by the Ethics Committee under the number 122.746. Results In the auditory-perceptual analysis, most children of both groups were evaluated as with no vocal deviation. No difference between the groups was found in the acoustic analysis using the PDD; most voice samples were within the normality area, in the quadrant 1, with a spread density distribution and a vertical shape. Conclusion HIV-infected children presented similar vocal quality to children without the illness, both for the perceptual-auditory and acoustic evaluation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Auditory Perception/physiology , Speech Acoustics , Voice Quality/physiology , HIV Infections/physiopathology , Speech Production Measurement , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies
20.
CoDAS ; 29(6): e20160214, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890810

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar e comparar os contornos médios de língua e os gestos articulatórios na produção do [j] em adultos e crianças com desenvolvimento típico e crianças com desenvolvimento atípico de fala. As crianças com desenvolvimento atípico de fala apresentavam desordens nos sons da fala caracterizadas como desvio fonológico. Método O diagnóstico foi determinado pelas avaliações fonoaudiológicas. Desse modo, a amostra foi constituída por três grupos: 30 adultos com desenvolvimento típico de fala (idades entre 19 e 44 anos), 30 crianças com desenvolvimento típico de fala e 30 crianças com desvio fonológico, denominadas neste estudo como atípicas (idades entre quatro anos e oito anos e onze meses). Para todos os grupos, foi realizada avaliação ultrassonográfica dos movimentos da língua. A pesquisa comparou os contornos médios de língua entre os três grupos em diferentes contextos vocálicos seguintes ao som [j]. Para a delimitação dos gestos, considerou-se a elevação máxima da ponta da língua, utilizando-se software Articulate Assistant Advanced (AAA) e imagens no plano sagital/Modo B. Os pontos que interceptaram as curvas de língua foram analisados pela ferramenta estatística R. Os gráficos dos contornos de língua foram obtidos através do cálculo de intervalo com 95% de confiança. Depois dessa etapa, foram obtidas as regiões com diferenças significativas (p-valor ≤ 0,05) entre os grupos de CT e CA. Resultados Os contornos médios de língua demonstraram o gesto para a semivogal [j] na comparação entre crianças típicas e atípicas. Para a semivogal [j], há um gesto de língua, de dorso, em direção à área central do palato duro, sendo observadas diferenças significativas entre as crianças. Conclusão Os resultados permitiram concluir que existem diferenças entre os grupos de crianças quanto à capacidade de refinar os gestos articulatórios.


ABSTRACT Purpose Analyze and compare the mean tongue contours and articulatory gestures in the production of the sound [j] in adults and children with typical and atypical speech development. The children with atypical development presented speech sound disorders. Methods The diagnosis was determined by speech assessments. The study sample was composed of 90 individuals divided into three groups: 30 adults with typical speech development aged 19-44 years (AT), 30 children with typical speech development (CT), and 30 children with speech sound disorders, named as atypical in this study, aged four years to eight years and eleven months (CA). Ultrasonography assessment of tongue movements was performed for all groups. Mean tongue contours were compared between three groups in different vocalic contexts following the sound [j]. The maximum elevation of the tongue tip was considered for delimitation of gestures using the Articulate Assistant Advanced (AAA) software and images in sagittal plane/Mode B. The points that intercepted the language curves were analyzed by the statistical tool R. The graphs of tongue contours were obtained adopting a 95% confidence interval. After that, the regions with significant statistical differences (p<0.05) between the CT and CA groups were obtained. Results The mean tongue contours demonstrated the gesture for the sound [j] in the comparison between typical and atypical children. For the semivowel [j], there is an articulatory gesture of tongue and dorsum towards the center of ​​the hard palate, with significant differences observed between the children. Conclusion The results showed differences between the groups of children regarding the ability to refine articulatory gestures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Tongue/anatomy & histology , Tongue/physiopathology , Tongue/diagnostic imaging , Speech Sound Disorder/diagnostic imaging , Articulation Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Ultrasonography
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