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1.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol. (En línea) ; 21(1): 1-20, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1436894

ABSTRACT

Estudios realizados en diferentes países (por ejemplo, Australia, Canadá, India, República de Irlanda, EE.UU., Reino Unido) han demostrado que los fonoaudiólogos utilizan ejercicios motores orofaciales no verbales (EMONV) para tratar los trastornos de los sonidos del habla (TSH), atrayendo atención hacia el sustancial debate que existe respecto a la eficacia clínica de estos ejercicios. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar y caracterizar el uso de los EMONV por parte de fonoaudiólogos portugueses que realizan intervenciones en TSH y evaluar el conocimiento que lo respalda. Para ello, se invitó a profesionales de la fonoaudiología que trabajan con niños con TSH a completar un cuestionario basado en Thomas y Kaipa (2015). Un total de 184 participantes respondió a la encuesta; 93,5% informó contar con conocimientos sobre los EMONV, 78.5% utiliza EMONV para el tratamiento de TSH y 80,2% los considera efectivos en el tratamiento del TSH (89% indicó que adquirió su conocimiento sobre EMONV a través de cursos de pregrado y posgrado; 98,5% informó que utiliza los EMONV para mejorar las funciones motoras de los órganos fonoarticulatorios). Este estudio ofrece una descripción general del uso de los EMONV por parte de fonoaudiólogos portugueses en la intervención en niños con TSH. Muchos de los participantes en este estudio informaron que utilizan EMONV en el tratamiento de TSH, independientemente de la falta de evidencia para respaldar su uso en este contexto. Estos hallazgos demuestran que el porcentaje de fonoaudiólogos en Portugal que utilizan EMONV es similar al encontrado en los EE.UU., Reino Unido, Canadá e India, pero diferente del porcentaje en Australia e Irlanda.


Previous studies, conducted in different countries (e.g. Australia, Canada, India, Republic of Ireland, USA, UK), have shown that speech-language pathologists (SLPs) use nonspeech oral motor exercises (NSOMEs) to treat speech sound disorders (SSDs), bringing attention to the substantial debate regarding the clinical effectiveness of NSOMEs. The aim of the present study was to investigate and characterize the use of NSOMEs by Portuguese SLPs in the intervention of SSDs, and to analyze the evidence that supports it. To do so, SLPs who provide therapy to children with SSDs were invited to complete an online questionnaire, based on a previous survey conducted in India by Thomas and Kaipa (2015). A total of 184 participants responded to the survey; 93.5% reported knowing about NSOMEs, 78.5% used NSOMEs in their intervention for SSDs, and 80.2% considered them effective in treating SSDs (89% indicated that their knowledge about NSOMEs was acquired through graduate and post-graduate courses; 98.5% reported that theyused NSOMEs to improve the motor function of the articulators). This study offers an overview of Portuguese speech-language pathologists' reported use of NSOMEs as part of the intervention of speech sound disorders in children. Many of the participants in this study reported that they did use NSOMEs in SSD treatments, regardless of the lack of evidence to support their use in this context. Furthermore, the results show that the percentage of SLPs in Portugal using NSOMEs is similar to those found in the USA, UK, Canada, and India, but different from those in Australia and Ireland.


Subject(s)
Speech Therapy/methods , Exercise Therapy/methods , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Speech Sound Disorder/therapy , Mouth/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Evidence-Based Practice , Motor Activity
2.
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences ; : 14-21, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-964529

ABSTRACT

@#Speech sound disorders adversely affect speech intelligibility. It is important to address speech errors early to reduce the impact on long term communication skills. Parental involvement has been shown to increase the effectiveness of speech therapy because parents were able to carry out speech therapy tasks consistently with their children in the comfort of their own homes. This study aimed to explore the usability of an interactive board game as therapy tool in children with speech sound disorders. In Phase I, market survey and website search regarding existing board games were conducted. In Phase II, board game prototypes using the motor approach for speech intervention were developed. Finally, in Phase III, the usability of the board game was examined. Nineteen respondents comprising eight experienced speech-language therapists and eleven parents of children diagnosed with speech sound disorder participated in the study. Participants used the interactive board game with a child with speech sound disorder for a period of one week and completed a questionnaire. Findings show that majority of the participants (94.7%) were satisfied with the board game as a tool for speech therapy. Additionally, 89.4% of the participants agreed that the board game is fun, and all children choose to play the board game again. Suggestions to improve the board game were documented. Further research is warranted to examine the efficacy of this approach on speech therapy outcomes.

3.
CoDAS ; 32(5): e20180185, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133530

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: este estudo utilizou a ultrassonografia dos movimentos de língua e modelos dinâmicos de produção de fala para caracterizar os gestos articulatórios na produção do /l/ no Português Brasileiro (PB) em diferentes faixas etárias, comparando-os entre crianças típicas e atípicas. Método: a amostra foi constituída por 30 crianças típicas e 30 atípicas, com idades entre 4 e 8 anos, submetidas a avaliações fonoaudiológica e ultrassonográfica. A avaliação foi realizada mediante gravação da produção de palavras com o som /l/ nos contextos vocálicos de /a/, /i/ e /u/, com seis repetições de cada palavra. O software utilizado foi o Articulate Assistant Advanced (AAA). Para as análises quantitativas foram considerados: os 42 pontos que interceptaram as curvas de língua em cada imagem para descrição dos gestos articulatórios; o cálculo das linhas médias de cada curva e os intervalos de confiança entre os grupos; e o cálculo das diferenças entre as curvas médias dos contornos de língua de acordo com a faixa etária. Resultados: houve elevação de ponta de língua e retração de dorso e raiz na articulação do /l/. As crianças típicas, independentemente da idade, apresentaram maior refinamento dos gestos articulatórios de língua do que as atípicas. Nas crianças mais velhas, houve maior delimitação nos contornos médios de língua desde a ponta até a raiz. Conclusão: a ultrassonografia dos movimentos de língua é uma importante ferramenta para a caracterização dos gestos articulatórios do /l/, para diferenciação entre as produções típica e atípica deste som, e observação do desenvolvimento dos gestos articulatórios.


ABSTRACT Purpose: this study used the ultrasonography of the tongue movements and the dynamic models of speech production to characterize the articulatory gestures of in the production of /l/ at the Brazilian Portuguese in different age groups, comparing them between typical and atypical children. Methods: the sample consisted of 30 typical and 30 atypical children between ages of four and eight-years-old, who underwent speech-language and ultrasonographic evaluations. The evaluation was realized by recording words reproduction with the sound /l/ and the following vocalic contexts: /a/, /i/ and /u/, repeating six times for each word. The software for recording and analysis was Articulate Assistant Advanced (AAA). The quantitative analysis considered the 42 points that intercepted the tongue curves in each image to describe the articulatory gestures; the estimation of the mean lines of each curve and the confidence intervals between typical and atypical children groups; and the differences between the mean tongue contours curves according to age group. Results: the results presented a tongue tip elevation and dorsal and root retraction in /l/. Typical children, regardless of age, showed a greater refinement of articulatory tongue gestures than the atypical ones. In older children, there was more delimitation in the mean tongue contours from the tongue tip to the root. Conclusion: the ultrasonography of the tongue movements is a substantial implement to characterize the articulatory gestures of /l/, to the differentiation between typical and atypical productions in this sound, and observation of the development of the articulatory gestures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Aged , Speech Sound Disorder/diagnostic imaging , Speech , Tongue/diagnostic imaging , Phonetics , Brazil , Ultrasonography
4.
CoDAS ; 30(3): e20170177, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952854

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever e correlacionar medidas fonológicas à aerodinâmica, EGG, acústica e julgamento perceptivo da produção do som /ʒ/, comparando o desempenho de crianças com e sem transtorno fonológico, falantes do Português Brasileiro. Método Participaram 30 crianças com idade entre 5:0 e 7:11 anos separadas em grupo controle e grupo de crianças com transtorno fonológico. Avaliou-se a fonologia (cálculo de PCC e PCC-R e ocorrência dos processos fonológicos) e as medidas aerodinâmicas (amplitude do fluxo aéreo oral e f0), eletroglotográficas (quociente de abertura) e acústicas (classificação do vozeamento). Resultados As crianças com transtorno fonológico apresentaram, numericamente, amplitude do fluxo oral relativo maior, f0 relativo menor e quociente de abertura indicativo de uma voz menos eficiente na produção do vozeamento quando comparadas às crianças sem transtorno fonológico. Os valores de weak voicing demonstraram que, em 66,1% das crianças com transtorno fonológico, o vozeamento da fricativa foi mais fraco, comparado ao da vogal seguinte, e a comparação entre grupos indicou que essas crianças apresentaram maior dificuldade no vozeamento. Quanto à descrição da classificação de vozeamento, de acordo com a análise acústica e do weak/strong voicing, verificou-se que há algumas variações, principalmente para a classificação "parcialmente desvozeado". Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que as estratégias de produção e manutenção do vozeamento da fricativa vozeada /ʒ/ ainda são variáveis em crianças na idade estudada, porém as crianças com transtorno fonológico parecem ter mais dificuldades em utilizá-las de modo eficaz. Além disso, o estudo aponta para a importância da aplicação de provas complementares para um diagnóstico mais detalhado.


ABSTRACT Purpose Describe and correlate phonological and complementary measures regarding aerodynamics, electroglottography, acoustics, and perceptual judgment of production of the voiced fricative sound /ʒ/ comparing the performance of Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children with and without speech sound disorders. Methods Study participants were 30 children aged 5 years to 7 years and 11 months divided into a group of children with typical development - Control Group (CG) and a group of children with speech sound disorders - Research Group (RG). Phonology (PCC, PCC-R, and occurrence of phonological processes) and the aerodynamic (amplitude of the oral airflow and f0), eletroglottographic (open quotient) and acoustic (classification of voicing) measures were evaluated. Results Numerically, children with speech sound disorders presented higher relative oral airflow amplitude, lower relative f0, and open quotient indicative of less efficient voicing production compared with those of children with typical development. The weak voicing values ​​showed that 66.1% of the children with speech sound disorders presented weaker voicing of the fricative sound /ʒ/ compared with that of the posterior vowel sound, and between-groups comparison demonstrated that these children presented greater difficulty in voicing. The acoustic analysis of speech used to classify the weak/strong voicing showed variations, especially regarding the classification partially devoiced. Conclusion Results suggest that the strategies for voicing production and voicing maintenance of the fricative sound /ʒ/ are still variable in children aged 5 years to 7 years and 11 months; however, children with speech sound disorders seem to have more difficulties in using them effectively. In addition, the study shows the importance of applying complementary tests to obtain a more detailed diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Speech Production Measurement/methods , Phonetics , Speech Sound Disorder/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Case-Control Studies
5.
CoDAS ; 30(6): e20180008, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-984233

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar os efeitos da terapia fonoaudiológica com enfoque na consciência fonológica e fonoarticulatória nas habilidades de fala e no processo de alfabetização de crianças com distúrbios dos sons da fala. Participaram deste estudo sete crianças com idade entre seis e sete anos, de ambos os gêneros e com queixa de alterações na fala. As crianças foram submetidas às seguintes avaliações fonoaudiológicas: Avaliação Fonológica da Criança, Exame Articulatório, Avaliação Consciência Fonoarticulatória, Prova de Consciência Fonológica Por Produção Oral e Avaliação da Escrita de Palavras. Em seguida, foram submetidas à terapia fonoaudiológica por meio do software "Pedro em uma noite assustadora", semanalmente, com duração de aproximadamente 30 minutos cada. Ao final de oito sessões as crianças foram reavaliadas com os mesmos instrumentos utilizados na avaliação inicial. Os dados foram analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. A partir da análise dos dados obtidos, constatou-se melhora na fala, nas habilidades de consciência fonoarticulatória e de consciência fonológica e da Hipótese de Escrita de todas as crianças. Pode-se concluir que a terapia fonoaudiológica com enfoque nas habilidades de consciência fonológica e fonoarticulatórias, a partir de software especifico, influenciou a organização dos padrões de fala e aquisição da linguagem escrita na maioria dos sujeitos.


ABSTRACT To verify the effects of Speech Therapy focusing on phonological awareness and articulatory awareness in speech skills and in the literacy process of children with speech sound disorders. Seven children, aged between six and seven years old, male and female, and with speech disorders complaints participated in this study. These children were submitted to the following speech and language assessments: Children Phonological Assessment, Articulation Test, Articulatory Awareness Assessment, Phonological Awareness Testing by Oral Production and Word Writing Evaluation. Afterwards, they underwent speech and language therapy through the software "Pedro em uma noite assustadora". The sessions took place once a week, lasting approximately 30 minutes each. At the end of eight sessions, the children were reassessed with the same instruments used in the initial assessment. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the analysis of data obtained, improvement in speech, articulatory awareness and phonological awareness skills, and Spelling Hypothesis of all children was observed. It can be concluded that speech therapy focusing on phonological awareness and articulatory awareness skills based on specific software has influenced the organization of speech patterns and acquisition of written language in most subjects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Speech/physiology , Speech Therapy/methods , Software , Speech Sound Disorder/physiopathology , Speech Sound Disorder/therapy , Reference Values , Speech Articulation Tests , Awareness/physiology , Writing , Severity of Illness Index , Phonetics , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Literacy , Language Development , Language Tests , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology
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