ABSTRACT
An ethanol extract prepared from the gametophyte Chilean native moss Sphagnum magellanicum was dried out, weighed and dissolved in distilled water. This extract was then assayed for its antibacterial activity against the G(-) bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, and the G(+) bacteria Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, and Streptococcus type b. The growth of the cultures of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, and V. cholerae was inhibited at a concentration of 581mg/ml of extract, while the cultures of E. coli, S. typhi and Streptococcus type b were inhibited at a concentration of 1.16 mg/mL of extract. The concentration of phenolic compounds was 4.294 mg/mL; the presence of vanillic, chlorogenic, syringic, caffeic, gallic, 3-4 hydrozybenzoic, p-coumaric and salicylic acids was identified using RP- High Pressure Liquid Chromatography.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Sphagnopsida/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Chile , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Se analizó la presencia de propágulos fúngicos en muestras secas del musgo Sphangnum magellanicum provenientes de 2 localidades de la zona Sur del país (39 y 41ºS), mediante cultivos en agar agua y agar Sabouraud a temperaturas de 25 y 35ºC con muestras recién colectadas (2007) y almacenadas un año a temperatura ambiente (2008). Nuestro objetivo fue determinar previo a la comercialización de este vegetal desecado, la presencia/ausencia del complejo Sporothrix schenckii u otras especies oportunistas consideradas como un riesgo en salud pública en la comunidad de microhongos filamentosos viables en el tiempo en este musgo. En la primera muestra (41ºS, 2007), a 25ºC, en ambos medios, se observó un total de 31 géneros y 36 especies. Los géneros con mayor frecuencia en orden decreciente y en ambos medios fueron: Penicillium, Cladosporium, Trichoderma y Mucor representando aproximadamente el 70 por ciento del total de presencia, mientras en las muestras sembradas un año después, fueron en orden decreciente: Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium y Gelasinospora, con un total de presencia del 75,4 por ciento. A 35ºC en ambas muestras la presencia de taxa se redujo a 4-5 géneros donde las principales especies fueron A. fumigatus complex y T. longibrachiatum con altos porcentajes, Penicillium spp. y Gelasinospora caulospora. Se destaca un raro aislamiento de Neosartorya quadricincta. Ningún integrante del complejo Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii se detectó en las muestras a 25º y 35º C, pero a pesar de su ausencia deben tomarse precauciones en el manejo y distribución comercial de este musgo en Chile, debido a la sobrevivencia en el tiempo de ciertos hongos oportunistas, como los integrantes del complejo A. fumigatus y T. longibrachiatum.
The presence of fungal propagules in desiccated samples of Sphangnum magellanicum moss collected from two southern zones of the country (39 and 41ºS) was analyzed by means of water agar and Sabouraud agar, at 25 and 35ºC temperatures using freshly gathered samples (2007) and stored for a year at room temperature (2008). Our aim was to determine, prior to the marketing of this desiccated vegetable, the presence/absence of the Sporothix schenckii complex or other opportunistic species which are considered to be a risk in public health, in the community of filamentous microfungi that are viable with time in this moss. The first sample (41ºS, 2007),at 25ºC, in both media revealed 31 genera and 36 species as a total. Genera most frequently found, in decreasing order, were: Penicillium, Cladosporium, Trichoderma and Mucor, which represented about 70 percent of the overall occurrence, whereas samples cultured one year later showed, in decreasing order, the presence of : Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium and Gelasinospora, meaning a 75.4 percent occurrence. At 35ºC, the presence of taxa became reduced in both samples to 4-5 genera, main species being A. fumigatus complex and T. longibrachiatum in high percentages, Penicillium spp. and Gelasinospora caulospora. Besides, it is remarkable a rare isolation of Neosartorya quadricincta. None component of the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenkii complex was detected in samples at 25º and 35º C yet although its absence, caution must be made in handling and commercial distribution of this moss in Chile due to the survival in time of certain opportunistic fungi such as those found in the A. fumigatus complex and T.longibrachiatum.