Effectiveness Evaluation of Low-dose Spiral Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Screening in Minhang District of Shanghai / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) has been recommended for lung cancer screening in high-risk populations. However, evidence from Chinese populations was limited due to the different criteria for high-risk populations and the short-term follow-up period. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness in Chinese adults based on the Lung Cancer Screening Program in Minhang District of Shanghai initiated in 2013.@*METHODS@#A total of 26,124 subjects aged 40 years or above were enrolled in the Lung Cancer Screening Program during the period of 2013 and 2017. Results of LDCT examination, and screen-detected cancer cases in all participants were obtained from the Reporting System of the Lung Cancer Screening Program. The newly-diagnosed cases and their vital status up to December 31, 2020 were identified through a record linkage with the Shanghai Cancer Registry and the Shanghai Vital Statistics. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95%CI were calculated using the local population at ages of 40 or above as the reference. Proportions of early-stage cancer (stage 0-I), pathological types, and 5-year observed survival rates of lung cancer cases were estimated and compared between the cases derived from the screened and non-screened populations. Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI of LDCT screening with all-cause death of the lung cancer cases.@*RESULTS@#The crude and age-standardized incidence of lung cancer in screened population were 373.3 (95%CI: 343.1-406.1) and 70.3 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, with an SIR of 1.8 (95%CI: 1.6-1.9), which was observed to decrease with following-up time. The early-stage cancer accounted for 49.4% of all lung cancer cases derived from the screened population, significantly higher than 38.4% in cases from the non-screened population during the same period (P<0.05). The proportion of lung adenocarcinoma (40.7% vs 35.9%) and 5-year survival rate (53.7% vs 41.5%) were also significantly higher in the cases from the screened population (all P<0.05). LDCT screening was associated with 30% (HR=0.7, 95%CI: 0.6-0.8) reduced all-cause deaths of the cases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The participants of the screening program are at high-risk of lung cancer. LDCT favors the early-detection of lung cancer and improves 5-year survival of the screened cases, indicating a great potential of LDCT in reducing the disease burden of lung cancer in Chinese populations.

Evaluación multimodal del hematoma subdural crónico

Introducción: El hematoma subdural crónico es la complicación tardía más frecuente del trauma craneoencefálico. Su diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento oportuno permiten la evolución favorable y curación de los pacientes. Objetivo: Sistematizar los diferentes ejes de clasificación del hematoma subdural crónico, que permitan la evaluación multimodal con una orientación más precisa de la técnica quirúrgica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las principales bases de datos disponibles, centrada en las diferentes clasificaciones clínicas y radiológicas del hematoma subdural crónico y se seleccionaron 26 artículos. Se escogieron las principales clasificaciones y escalas y se aplicaron en 22 pacientes, obteniéndose resultados preliminares. Resultados: Las escalas de evaluación clínica de Bender, Marckwalder y la clasificación de Gordon Firing son las más conocidas, sin embargo, existen clasificaciones tomográficas que tienen en cuenta la densidad, la homogeneidad del hematoma que son de gran importancia en la selección de la técnica quirúrgica. La presencia de membranas y tabiques aparecen solo incluidas dentro de la valoración de la densidad del hematoma. Existen otras con valor predictivo que identifican aquellos factores relacionados con las recurrencias, desde antes de la cirugía, las mismas se consideran un factor de mal pronóstico para la evolución final de los pacientes con este tipo de hematomas. Conclusiones: La evaluación preoperatoria exige de la aplicación de múltiples escalas, la identificación y caracterización de las membranas es importante para personalizar la técnica quirúrgica, en busca de disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad posoperatoria.

Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma is the most frequent late complication of cranioencephalic trauma. The early diagnosis and correct treatment allow the recovery of patients. Objective: To systematize the different criteria of classification of chronic subdural hematoma that leads the multimodal evaluation for more effective selection of surgical technique. Methods: A review of literature about chronic subdural hematoma was done in the main database focused on different clinical and radiological classifications and 26 articles were selected. The main classifications and scales were chosen and applied to 22 patients, obtaining preliminary results. Results : Benders, Marckwalder and Gordon Firing scales are the most common, nevertheless there are tomographic classifications that include density, homogeneity of hematoma that are of great importance in the selection of the surgical technique. The presence of membranes and septum are only included in the evaluation of hematoma density. There are some others with predictive value that identify those factors related to recurrences before surgery that are considered a bad prognosis to the final evolution of these patients with this type of hematoma. Conclusions: The previous evaluation to surgery requires the use of different scales, the identification and characterization of membranes are important to select the optimum surgical technique to decrease morbidity and mortality after surgery.

Clinical characteristics and CT findings of Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in 46 cases with hematological diseases / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To summarize the original CT features of Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in patients with hematological diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out in 46 patients with proven pneumocystis pneumonia (PJP) in the Hospital of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2014 and December 2021. All patients had multiple chests CT and related laboratory examinations, imaging typing were conducted based on the initial CT presentation, and the distinct imaging types were analyzed against the clinical data. Results: In the analysis, there were 46 patients with proven pathogenesis, 33 males, and 13 females, with a median age of 37.5 (2-65) years. The diagnosis was validated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) hexamine silver staining in 11 patients and clinically diagnosed in 35 cases. Of the 35 clinically diagnosed patients, 16 were diagnosed by alveolar lavage fluid macrogenomic sequencing (BALF-mNGS) and 19 by peripheral blood macrogenomic sequencing (PB-mNGS) . The initial chest CT presentation was categorized into 4 types, including ground glass (GGO) type in 25 cases (56.5%) , nodular type in 10 cases (21.7%) , fibrosis type in 4 cases (8.7%) , and mixed type in 5 cases (13.0%) . There was no substantial discrepancy in CT types among confirmed patients, BALF-mNGS diagnosed patients and PB-mNGS diagnosed patients (χ(2)=11.039, P=0.087) . The CT manifestations of confirmed patients and PB-mNGS diagnosed patients were primarily GGO type (67.6%, 73.7%) , while that of BALF-mNGS diagnosed patients were nodular type (37.5%) . Of the 46 patients, 63.0% (29/46) had lymphocytopenia in the peripheral blood, 25.6% (10/39) with positive serum G test, and 77.1% (27/35) with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) . There were no great discrepancies in the rates of lymphopenia in peripheral blood, positive G-test, and increased LDH among different CT types (all P>0.05) . Conclusion: The initial chest CT findings of PJP in patients with hematological diseases were relatively prevalent with multiple GGO in both lungs. Nodular and fibrosis types were also the initial imaging findings for PJP.

A new classification of atlas fracture based on CT reconstruction and its clinical significance / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of a new classification system for atlas fractures based on pre- and post-treatment CT features, with a focus on diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 75 cases of cervical vertebra fractures treated at the Sixth Hospital of Ningbo City between January 2015 and December 2020. The study included 44 males and 31 females, with an average age of 53.3±13.0 years (range: 27-81 years). The fractures were classified according to the Landells classification, resulting in 12 cases of type I, 13 cases of type II, 33 cases of type III, 9 cases that were difficult to classify due to fracture lines located at anatomical junctions, and 8 cases that could not be classified using the Landells classification due to diverse injury mechanisms. To establish a new preliminary classification for cervical vertebra fractures, the researchers considered whether the fracture line in the CT images involved the facet joint surface of the atlas, the impact on bilateral half-rings, and the displacement distance of the fracture ends. Five spinal surgeons were randomly selected to classify the CT images of the 75 patients using the new classification method. After one month, the imaging data of the 75 cases of cervical vertebra fractures were randomized and reclassified to assess the reliability and repeatability of the classification.Results:The new cervical vertebra fracture classification method comprised three types based on whether the fracture line involved the facet joint surface of the atlas: type A (no involvement of the facet joint surface of the atlas), type B (involvement of one side of the facet joint surface with intact contralateral half-ring), and type C (involvement of one side of the facet joint surface with fractured contralateral half-ring). Additionally, based on the maximum displacement distance between the fracture ends (>4 mm), six subtypes were identified: subtype 1 (≤4 mm displacement) and subtype 2 (>4 mm displacement). Consequently, the subtypes were classified as A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. According to the new classification method, the 75 patients included 17 cases of A1, 12 cases of A2, 7 cases of B1, 13 cases of B2, 12 cases of C1, and 14 cases of C2. The classification demonstrated excellent consistency, as assessed by the five doctors, with Kappa values of 0.85 and 0.91 for reliability and repeatability, respectively. At the final follow-up, all conservatively treated patients achieved bone healing, while four surgically treated patients experienced non-union of the fracture ends but exhibited good fusion between the atlas and axis. The remaining surgically treated patients achieved bony union without complications such as loosening or fracture of internal fixation.Conclusion:The new cervical vertebra fracture classification method, based on CT imaging features, comprehensively covers common clinical cases of cervical vertebra fractures and demonstrates excellent consistency. It provides valuable clinical guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical vertebra fractures.

Study on radiation dose and image quality differences between cone-beam CT and multi-slice spiral CT for atlantoaxial spine imaging / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To compare the differences in radiation dose and image quality between cone-beam CT (CBCT) and multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) applied to atlantoaxial spine imaging.Methods:Head and neck phantom was scanned at 30 exposure parameter combinations using Pramerica CBCT scanner and 15 parameter combinations using Toshiba 320-row MSCT. The effective dose ( E) of CBCT was calculated based on the Monte Carlo dose estimation software PCXMC, the E value of MSCT was obtained by multiplying the dose length product (DLP) by the related factor. t-test for two independent samples or Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for comparison of radiation dose and subjective and objective image quality between two modalities. The subjective evaluation was a 5-point subjective scale using double-blind method for edge sharpness, contrast, soft tissue level, and artifacts of the images. The signal and noise in the region of interest (ROI) were measured and the contrast signal-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated. Results:For radiation dose, the volumetric dose index and E values of 2.9 mGy and 27.61 μSv for CBCT were lower than those of 8.8 mGy and 433.16 μSv for MSCT, and the differences were statistically significant( z=-3.05, -5.25, P<0.05). For objective evaluation of image quality, the noise and CNR were 27.74 HU and 3.69 in CBCT group, 7.84 HU and 27.1 in MSCT group. The difference between them were statistically significant( z=-5.39, -5.42, P<0.05). The overall image quality, contrast and artifact scores of the CBCT group were 3.5, 3.0 and 5 were higher than those of the MSCT group at 2.0, 2.0, and 4.0, respectively ( z=-2.32, -2.46, -3.31, P<0.05). Conclusions:Both atlantoaxial CBCT and MSCT scans provide image quality that meets diagnostic requirements. Compared to MSCT, CBCT atlantoaxial scans can effectively reduce radiation dose according to the principle of optimization of radiation protection.

Advances in preoperative imaging evaluation of extramural vascular invasion of rectal cancer / 中国医师杂志

Rectal cancer is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) is a key indicator of risk stratification for rectal cancer and an important reference factor in determining individualised treatment options, so it is important to accurately assess whether extramural vessels are infiltrated by the tumour before surgery. The main imaging methods for rectal cancer include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). This article focuses on the performance and diagnostic efficacy of these imaging methods in the diagnosis of EMVI in rectal cancer, and provides clinical reference.

Diagnostic value of thin-layer three-dimensional reconstruction technology combined with personalized scanning for benign and malignant solid solitary pulmonary nodules / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of thin-layer three-dimensional reconstruction technology combined with personalized scanning for benign and malignant solid solitary pulmonary nodules.Methods:The clinical data of 140 patients with solid solitary pulmonary nodules admitted to Jiangshan People's Hospital form January 2020 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients consisted of 40 patients with benign solid solitary pulmonary nodules (benign group) and 100 patients with malignant solid solitary pulmonary nodules (malignant group). All patients underwent thin-layer three-dimensional reconstruction combined with personalized scanning. The pulmonary nodule signs achieved by thin-layer three-dimensional reconstruction combined with personalized scanning and the diagnostic performance of the combined technology were compared between benign and malignant groups.Results:The proportions of patients with lung cavity sign, lobular sign, vascular convergence sign, vacuole sign, emphysema distribution sign, split pleura sign, and distal perforating vascular sign in the malignant group were 11.0%, 81.0%, 77.0%, 49.0%, 6.0%, 10.0% and 31.0%, respectively, and they were 42.5%, 62.5%, 55.0%, 27.5%, 20.0%, 32.5%, and 5.0%, respectively in the benign group ( χ2 = 15.80, 5.00, 5.66, 4.55, 4.76, 8.96, 9.33, all P < 0.05). The most sensitive sign was lobular sign, which had the highest efficiency, up to 82.0%, in differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. Conclusion:Lung cavity sign, lobular sign, vascular convergence sign, vacuole sign, emphysema distribution sign, split pleura sign, and distal perforating vascular sign differ greatly between patients with benign and malignant solid solitary pulmonary nodules. Lobular sign has the highest sensitivity in differentiating benign and malignant solid solitary pulmonary nodules. Thin-layer three-dimensional reconstruction combined with personalized scanning has a diagnostic value for benign and malignant solid solitary pulmonary nodules.

Multi-slice spiral CT manifestations of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate CT manifestations of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors.Methods:The multi-slice spiral CT manifestations in 11 patients with perivascular epithelioid cell tumors which were pathologically confirmed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College between October 2012 and August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors were located in the kidney of eight patients, in the right lobe of the liver of two patients, and in the descending colon of one patient. The largest tumor, approximately 20.0 cm × 26.0 cm × 11.0 cm, was located in the kidney. The smallest tumor, 2.4 cm × 2.6 cm × 3.4 cm, was located in the colon. CT plain scans showed uniform density without bleeding, calcification, or fat in two patients, and non-uniform density with fatty change in two patients. Contrast-enhanced CT images showed non-uniform enhancement in the arterial phase in 10 patients and uniform enhancement in one patient. Contrast-enhanced CT images showed decreased degrees of enhancement of the lesions in 11 patients from the portal venous phase to the delayed phase and dilated and tortuous vascular shadows in 11 patients.Conclusion:The multi-slice spiral CT manifestations of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors are characteristic and the multi-slice spiral CT is of value for the diagnosis of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors.

Correlation analysis between muscle CT measurement parameters, energy expenditure and risk of acute exacerbation in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between muscle CT measurement parameters, energy expenditure and acute exacerbation in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:The clinical data of 146 patients with stable COPD from March 2020 to November 2021 in Lu′an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University (Lu′an People′s Hospital) were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data were recorded; the lung function was measured by bronchodilator test. The cross-sectional area and CT value of the pectoral muscle were measured by reconstructed CT images of the mediastinum; the total energy consumption was calculated by Weir formula. Acute exacerbations within 3 and 12 months were recorded. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the efficacy of total energy expenditure, pectoral muscle cross-sectional area and pectoral muscle CT value for predicting acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD.Results:Among 146 patients with stable COPD, 38 cases (26.03%) developed acute exacerbation within 3 months (acute exacerbation group), and 108 cases (73.97%) did not develop acute exacerbation (non-acute exacerbation group). The proportion of age<60 years old, rate of acute exacerbation within 12 months and rate of pulmonary function grading Ⅲ to Ⅳ in acute exacerbation group were significantly higher than those in non-acute exacerbation group: 71.05% (27/38) vs. 47.22% (51/108), 52.63% (20/38) vs. 30.56% (33/108) and 63.16% (24/38) vs. 37.96% (41/108), the total energy consumption, pectoral muscle cross-sectional area and pectoral muscle CT value were significantly lower than those in non-acute exacerbation group: (2 036.28 ± 163.13) J/d vs. (2 389.59 ± 204.71) J/d, (28.79 ± 3.45) cm 2 vs. (31.61 ± 4.56) cm 2 and (29.79 ± 3.06) HU vs. (34.52 ± 4.38) HU, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that age ≥60 years old, lower total energy expenditure, smaller pectoral muscle cross-sectional area and lower pectoral muscle CT value were independent risk factors for acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD ( OR = 26.493, 1.015, 1.245 and 1.437; 95% CI 3.745 to 187.405, 1.008 to 1.022, 1.002 to 1.546 and 1.109 to 1.861; P<0.01 or <0.05). The ROC curve analysis result showed that combined prediction of the total energy consumption, pectoral muscle cross-sectional area and pectoral muscle CT value for acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD had the largest area under the curve (0.962), with a sensitivity of 86.1%, a specificity of 80.8%, and the optimal cutoff values of 2 206.12 J/d, 32.39 cm 2 and 31.63 HU, respectively. Conclusions:The elderly age, smaller pectoral muscle cross-sectional area, lower pectoral muscle CT value and lower total energy expenditure are independent risk factors for acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD. The combination of pectoral muscle cross-sectional area, pectoral muscle CT value and total energy expenditure has a good predictive effect on the risk of acute exacerbation in patients with stable COPD, and relevant indexes can be paid attention to in clinical treatment.

Caracterización tomográfica de las membranas en pacientes con hematoma subdural crónico

Introducción: El hematoma subdural crónico es un hematoma encapsulado por dos membranas interna y externa. Existen diferentes clasificaciones imagenológicas que incluyen las características de estas lesiones, pero la presencia de las membranas y sus características es un aspecto poco descrito. Objetivo: Describir las características tomográficas de las membranas de los hematomas subdurales crónicos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el Servicio de Neurocirugía en conjunto con el Servicio de Imagenología, del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech durante el año 2021. Se incluyeron 20 pacientes adultos que fueron operados con el diagnóstico de hematoma subdural crónico. Las membranas se caracterizaron de acuerdo con su densidad, grosor, número de capas, morfología y extensión. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes de más de 65 años del sexo masculino, con hematomas unilaterales más frecuentes del lado izquierdo. El volumen promedio fue de 150 ml y el diámetro fue de 3 cm. Fueron más frecuentes las membranas finas, hiperdensas, incompletas, de una sola capa y la morfología fue variable. Conclusiones: Las membranas que conforman el hematoma subdural crónico pueden observarse en la tomografía axial computarizada. Se han encontrado diferentes tipos de membranas de acuerdo con su densidad, grosor, morfología, extensión y presencia de tabiques. La presencia de una membrana gruesa o fina con tabiques, puede tener indicación de una craneotomía que permita la resección cuidadosa de la membrana parietal y la apertura suficiente de la visceral para facilitar la re expansión cerebral y disminuir la incidencia de recolecciones.

Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma is a hematoma encapsulated by two internal and external membranes. There are different imaging classifications that include the characteristics of these lesions, but the presence of the membranes and their characteristics is a little described aspect. Objective: To describe the tomographic characteristics of the membranes of chronic subdural hematomas. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in the Neurosurgery service in conjunction with the Imaging service of the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital during the year 2021. 20 adult patients who underwent surgery with the diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma were included. The membranes were characterized according to their density, thickness, number of layers, morphology and extension. Results: Male patients over 65 years of age predominated, with more frequent unilateral hematomas on the left side. The average volume was 150 ml and the diameter was 3 cm. Thin, hyperdense, incomplete, single-layer membranes were more frequent, and the morphology was variable. Conclusions: The membranes that make up the chronic subdural hematoma can be seen on computerized axial tomography. Different types of membranes have been found according to their density, thickness, morphology, extension and presence of septa. The presence of a thick or thin membrane with septa may indicate a craniotomy that allows careful resection of the parietal membrane and sufficient opening of the visceral membrane to facilitate brain re-expansion and reduce the incidence of recollections.

Analysis of lung cancer screening through low-dose spiral computed tomography among petroleum company staffs in Sichuan-Chongqing Area in 2020 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To provide scientific evidence for early lung cancer screening, to analyze the incidence of pulmonary nodules among petroleum company staffs in Sichuan-Chongqing Area. Methods: In January 2021 , 6002 petroleum company staffs in Sichuan-Chongqing Area which scanned by low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) of chest in medical examination center in 2020 were retrospectively collected as objects. Their imaging and clinical data were collected. χ(2) test was used to analyze the differences in the detection rates of lung nodules and suspected lung cancer nodules among workers in petroleum company staffs of different genders, ages and types of work. Results: Among the 6002 objects, 3853 (64.2%) were male and 2149 (35.8%) were female, with an average age of (47.25±12.13) years old. A total of 431 cases (7.2%) of pulmonary nodules and 57 cases (0.9%) of suspected lung cancer nodules were detected. 45 cases were followed up with surgical treatment, and 41 cases (91.1%) of lung cancer were diagnosed by postoperative pathology. There were significant differences in the detection rates of pulmonary nodules and suspected lung cancer nodules between different age groups (χ(2)=51.23, 18.81 , P<0.001). The detection rates of pulmonary nodules in the age groups 51-60 years old and ≥61 years old were higher than those in the age groups≤40 years old and 41-50 years old (P<0.05). The detection rate of suspected lung cancer nodules in the age group≥ 61 years old was higher than those in the age groups≤40 years old, 41-50 years old and 51-60 years old (P< 0.05) . And the detection rate of suspected lung cancer pulmonary nodules in oil workers was higher than that of ordinary workers (P<0.05) . Among female objects, the detection rate of pulmonary nodules in oil workers was higher than that in ordinary workers (χ(2)=8.09, P=0.004) . The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in oil workers aged ≥61 years old was higher than ordinary workers (χ(2)=37.94, P<0.001) . Among male objects, the detection rate of suspected lung cancer pulmonary nodules in oil workers was higher than that in ordinary workers (χ(2)=8.42, P=0.004) . The detection rates of suspected lung cancer pulmonary nodules in oil workers aged 51-60 years old and ≥61 years old groups were higher than those of ordinary workers (χ(2)=4.70, 8.74; P=0.030, 0.003) . Conclusion: LDCT is suitable for early lung cancer screening for petroleum company staffs. During the clinical screening process, LDCT should be used as a routine physical examination item for petroleum workers older than 51 years old.

Long-term prognosis evaluation value of normal coronary computed tomography angiography in patients with suspected coronary heart disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the long-term prognosis evaluation value and risk factors of normal coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:The clinical data of 332 patients with suspected CAD from June 2006 to July 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received more than 2 times of CCTA examination, and the baseline CCTA was normal. Patients were followed up for at least 4 years, and the endpoints were coronary neo-plaque on CCTA or cardiovascular events.Results:Among 332 patients, the interval time between baseline and follow-up CCTA and clinical follow-up time were (5.6 ± 0.5) and (9.8 ± 0.6) years, 304 patients had normal baseline and follow-up CCTA (group Ⅰ); 28 patients had normal baseline CCTA while abnormal follow-up (group Ⅱ), the patient found coronary neo-plaque, and the incidence of coronary neo-plaque was 8.4% (28/332). Two patients (0.6%, 2/332) suffered from cardiovascular events, all of whom were in group Ⅱ. In group Ⅱ, a total of 34 coronary neo-plaques were found on follow-up CCTA. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that smoking, hypertension and hyperlipidemia were the independent risk factors of normal baseline while follow-up CCTA with neo-plaque in patients with suspected CAD ( β = 0.84, 0.83 and 0.84; OR = 2.37, 2.32 and 2.33; P<0.01). Conclusions:The suspected CAD patients with normal baseline CCTA have a good long-term prognosis. However, the patients who have risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and hyperlipidemia should be taken seriously, especially the patients who have normal baseline while follow-up CCTA with neo-plaque.

Diagnostic value and clinical significance of MRI combined with MSCT in ischiofemroal impingement syndrome / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value and clinical significance of total volume of quadratus femoris muscle (TQFMV), ischial angle, femoral neck angle (FNV) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with eccentric distance and lesser trochanter height measured by multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in the diagnosis of ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) syndrome.Methods:A total of 82 patients with IFI in Beijing Huairou Hospital from October 2017 to July 2020 were selected as the observation group. In addition, 82 healthy patients who underwent MRI and MSCT were collected as the control group. The general data, MRI and MSCT parameters of the two groups were compared, and IFI influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression. The correlation between MRI and MSCT parameters and clinical manifestations and the correlation between MRI and MSCT parameters were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI and MSCT parameters for IFI.Results:There were statistically significant difference between the two groups of gender, age, MRI parameters (TQFMV, ischial angle, FNV), and MSCT parameters (eccentricity, lesser trochanter height) (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, MRI parameters (TQFMV, ischial angle, FNV), MSCT parameters (eccentricity, lesser trochanter height ) were all influencing factors of IFI (all P<0.05). MRI parameters (TQFMV, ischial angle, FNV), MSCT parameters (eccentricity, lesser trochanter height) were all related to quadratus femoris muscle (QFM) edema, fat infiltration and pain degree in IFI patients (all P<0.05). The MRI parameter TQFMV of IFI patients was positively correlated with the MSCT parameter eccentricity and lesser trochanter height, while the ischial angle and FNV were negatively correlated with the MSCT parameter eccentricity and lesser trochanter height (all P<0.05). The AUC of MRI parameters (TQFMV, ischial angle, FNV) and MSCT parameters (eccentricity, lesser trochanter height) in the diagnosis of IFI were high, especially the highest in combined diagnosis, reaching 0.859. Conclusions:MRI parameters TQFMV, ischial angle, FNV and MSCT parameters, eccentricity and lesser trochanter height are related to the clinical manifestations of IFI patients. Combined detection of them can improve the diagnostic value of IFI and avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

CT parameter changes and imaging analysis of each cerebral lobe in patients with monophasic depression / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the imaging changes of patients with monophasic depression based on the changes in CT parameters of each cerebral lobe.Methods:A total of 100 patients with monophasic depression who received treatment in Department of Radiology, Shaoxing 7 th People's Hospital between June 2019 and June 2021 were included in the observation group. An additional 100 healthy individuals who concurrently received physical examination were included in the control group. CT scan of the brain was performed in all participants. CT value of each cerebral lobe was compared between the two groups. Results:CT values of the left frontal lobe and left temporal lobe in the observation group were (40.88 ± 2.01) HU and (40.21 ± 3.01) HU, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group ( tleft frontal lobe = 2.94, P = 0.004; tleft temporal lobe = 3.29, P = 0.001). CT values of the right frontal lobe and right temporal lobe in the observation group were (40.09 ± 2.52) HU and (44.93 ± 3.03) HU, respectively. There were no significant differences in CT values of the right frontal lobe and right temporal lobe between the two groups ( tright frontal lobe = 1.89, P = 0.060; tright temporal lobe = 1.89, P = 0.060). There were no significant differences in CT values of the left and right occipital lobes and the left and right parietal lobes between the two groups (all P > 0.05). One-way analysis of variance revealed that the CT values of the left and right frontal lobes were negatively correlated with age (-0.441, -0.211) and course of disease (-0.445, -0.191) (both P < 0.05); the CT values of the left and right frontal lobes were not significantly correlated with 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score and the number of attacks (all P > 0.05). The CT values of the left and right temporal lobes (-0.207, -0.213), the left and right occipital lobes (-0.185, -0.195) and the left and right parietal lobes (-0.185, -0.180) were negatively correlated with age (all P < 0.05). The CT values of the left and right temporal lobes, the left and right occipital lobes, and the left and right parietal lobes were not significantly correlated with course of disease, 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, and the number of attacks (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:The left and right frontal lobe and the left temporal lobe are atrophic in patients with monophasic depression. The degree of atrophy is closely related to the course of disease. Therefore, these findings can be used as a reference for imaging diagnosis of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system.

Comparison of diagnostic value of ultrasound and multi-slice spiral CT in wrist joint lesions of rheumatoid arthritis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value and imaging characteristics of ultrasound and multi-slice spiral CT in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) wrist joint lesions.Methods:The clinical data of 54 cases of RA wrist arthropathy in Jianhu Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University from December 2018 to April 2020 were analyzed. All the patients were examined by ultrasound and multi-slice spiral CT. The imaging characteristics of ultrasound and multi-slice spiral CT were analyzed, and the detection rates of synovitis, joint effusion, tenosynovitis, bone erosion and wrist joint lesions were calculated.Results:A total of 1 188 joints were examined in 54 patients with RA, including 108 wrist joints, 540 metacarpophalangeal joints and 540 proximal interphalangeal joints. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of wrist joint synovitis, joint effusion and tenosynovitis between ultrasound and CT ( P>0.05). The wrist joint lesions detection rates of ultrasound and CT were 97.2%(105/108) and 46.3% (50/108), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 36.52, P<0.05). Ultrasound image features: synovitis ultrasound image showed hypoechoic joint cavity, not by joint displacement or compression image, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) examination could see blood flow signal;joint effusion in ultrasound image of joint effusion was strip, strip-shaped, non-uniform distribution, image was affected by joint displacement or compression, CDFI examination had no blood flow signal; bone erosion ultrasound image showed bone cortical continuous interruption or "crater" "insect erosion" like defects. CT imaging features: wrist joint space narrow, osteoporosis, some patients with scaphoid, distal radius visible bone erosion. Conclusions:The detection rate of wrist synovitis, joint effusion and tenosynovitis by ultrasound and multi-row spiral CT are similar. The multi-row spiral CT examination have a slight advantage in evaluating the joint space and bone changes. The sensitivity of wrist bone erosion and wrist joint lesions are higher than those of multi-row spiral CT, which can guide the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of RA.

Clinical study of venous phase CT value in predicting central group lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of imaging features of primary lesions combined with venous phase CT value in predicting central group lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) .Methods:Clinical data of 170 PTC patients who underwent central group LN dissection in the First People's Hospital of Handan City of Hebei Province from January 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into different groups according to whether central group LN metastasis or not, and there were 89 patients with central group LN metastasis and 81 patients without central group LN metastasis. The CT value and imaging features of primary lesions in different periods were analyzed, and the imaging features of primary lesions combined with venous phase CT values to predict the central group LN metastasis were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in CT value in plain scan phase and CT value, net increased CT value, standardized CT value in arterial phase between patients with and without central group LN metastasis (all P>0.05) . The CT value, net increased CT value and standardized CT value in venous phase of patients with central group LN metastasis were (113.84±22.95) HU, (59.05±12.10) HU and 0.72±0.14 respectively, which were significantly higher than those of patients without central group LN metastasis [ (103.99±17.67) HU, (51.29±14.45) HU and 0.59±0.10] ( t=3.26, P<0.001; t=3.81, P<0.001; t=3.67, P<0.001) . ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for diagnosing central group LN metastasis of PTC patients was 0.75, 0.70 and 0.76 when the cut-off values of CT value, net increased CT value and standardized CT value in venous phase were 115.78 HU, 62.37 HU and 0.75 respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the diameter of primary focus and the contact area of thyroid capsule between patients with and without central group LN metastasis ( Z=-2.34, P=0.019; Z=-2.08, P=0.037) . There were no statistically significant differences between calcification and primary lesion location (both P>0.05) . Lesion diameter >2 cm (87.73%) and capsule contact range ≥1/2 (92.17%) had the highest specificity in predicting central group LN metastasis. The imaging features of primary lesion combined with standardized CT value in venous phase was in good agreement with histopathological diagnosis results in predicting central group LN metastasis (Kappa=0.475) , and the sensitivity and specificity were 73.12% and 82.75% respectively. Conclusion:The imaging features of the primary lesion combined with CT value in venous phase have a good clinical value in predicting central group LN metastasis in PTC patients. Patients with primary lesion diameter >2 cm, capsule contact range ≥1/2 and the standardized CT value in venous phase >0.75 are more likely to have central group LN metastasis.

Relationship between the Height of Alveolar Bone Resorption and Sex and Age in Adolescents / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and sex and age in the adolescent dentition.@*METHODS@#Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) was used to measure the height of alveolar bone resorption at labial, lingual, mesial and distal sites of teeth in 149 adolescents aged from 10 to 20 years. SPSS 25.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and sex and age.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the height of alveolar bone resorption between sex (P>0.05). The height of alveolar bone resorption was positively correlated with age in all types of teeth. The model constructed by combining the alveolar bone resorption height data of four sites (y=2.569x1+3.106x2+4.108x3+1.451x4-0.082, R2max=0.756)had a better ability to infer age than that of combining two sites (y=5.942x1+4.489x2+0.612, R2max=0.706) and a single site (R2max=0.638).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The height of alveolar bone resorption is positively correlated with the age of adolescents. The combination of four sites has a stronger ability to infer the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and age in adolescents and has higher accuracy in practical application.

Feasibility study of percutaneous placement of lumbar cortical bone trajectory screws based on CT data / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To simulate the placement of percutaneous cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws on reconstructed CT images and three-dimensional lumbar model and to measure the morphometric parameters for guiding the placement of percutaneous CBT screws.Methods:The CT images of 100 adult patients with lumbar spine diseases were studied. The CT images were reconstructed using Mimics software. Taking the projection point on the lamina at the junction of the inner and lower edge of the smallest coronal section of lumbar pedicle as the entry point, the cephalad angle, lateral angle, maximum screw length, maximum screw diameter, distance between trajectory and spinous process were measured. At the same time, the relationship between the trajectory and spinous process was observed by using the reconstructed three-dimensional image.Results:The lateral angle of the trajectory from L 1 to L 5 were 9.3° (8.9°, 9.8°), 9.6° (8.9°, 9.8°), 10.4° (9.5°, 11.3°), 11.81°±1.24° and 13.6° (12.5°, 14.5°), respectively. The cephalad angle from L 1 to L 5 were 26.6° (26.0°, 27.0°), 26.2° (25.7°, 26.5°), 26.9° (26.5°, 27.4°), 25.94°±0.92° and 24.3° (22.7°, 25.4°), respectively. Significant statistic differences were found among all levels in the cephalad angles and lateral angles. The mean diameters of the trajectory from L 1 to L 5 were 5.65±0.49 mm, 6.38±0.60 mm, 6.91±0.67 mm, 7.42±0.76 mm and 8.33 (7.59, 9.01) mm, respectively. Except L 1 and L 5, there were significant differences among all levels in the maximum screw diameters. The mean length of the trajectory from L 1 to L 5 were 36.4 (35.4, 37.0) mm, 36.7 (35.8, 37.3) mm, 37.6 (37.1, 38.1) mm, 37.8 (37.3, 38.1) mm and 36.2 (35.2, 36.9) mm, respectively, and there were also significant differences among all levels. The ration in superior endplate for each segment were 41.08% (34.36%, 45.60%), 37.94% (32.97%, 43.63%), 40.18% (34.56%, 44.49%), 38.61% (34.80%, 46.24%) and 40.9% (35.32%, 46.02%), respectively and statistical differences were significant between L 1 and L 2 and L 2 and L 5. The mean distance between the trajectory and the spinous process from L 1 to L 5 were 7.27±1.23 mm, 7.19 (5.97, 8.28) mm, 7.32 (6.01, 8.28) mm, 7.31±1.36 mm and 7.45 (6.32, 8.23) mm, respectively. In the sagittal CT image, the tip of the trajectory located near the posterior two-fifths of the superior end plate, and the extended line of the trajectory located at the inferior edge of spinous process. In the three-dimensional reconstruction model, no obstruction was found between the simulated screws and the spinous process. Conclusion:Lumbar CBT screw can be implanted percutaneously, and spinous process will not hinder the implantation process. Spinous process and upper endplate can be used as a sign to guide the percutaneous CBT screw implantation. Digital analog screw placement can offer a useful reference for the clinical application of percutaneous cortical bone trajectory screw.

Encondroma: a propósito de un caso / Enchondroma: a case report

RESUMEN Fundamento: los tumores óseos son lesiones frecuentes, cada tipo histológico tiene patrones típicos que los identifican. Sin embargo, en ocasiones se pueden presentar de forma atípica. Objetivo: conocer el caso de una paciente con encondroma en la región proximal de la tibia derecha. Presentación del caso: mujer de 74 años de edad, blanca con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y asma bronquial, la cual acude a la consulta de Ortopedia y Traumatología por dolor a nivel de la rodilla derecha que aumenta con la actividad física y se acompaña de limitación funcional y crepitación articular. La tomografía axial computarizada mostró imagen osteoblástica a nivel de la meseta tibial derecha sin ruptura de la cortical. Además se evidenció múltiples quistes subcondrales de aspecto degenerativo, presencia de osteofitos tibiales, femorales ipsi y contralateral, espacio femoro-rotuliano muy disminuido asociado a esclerosis del cóndilo femoral. Con los elementos descritos se decidió llevar la paciente al quirófano, para tratamiento de tipo quirúrgico. Se realizó exéresis de la tumoración, la que fue enviada al departamento de anatomía patológica para estudio histológico que confirmó el diagnóstico. La zona de hueso extraída se llenó con cemento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: el encondroma es un tumor benigno de origen cartilaginoso, su presencia por encima de los 40 años de edad es ocasional y constituye el principal diagnóstico diferencial del condrosarcoma de bajo grado histológico. Debido a lo infrecuente de esta afección fuera de su rango de edades, es necesaria la biopsia para confirmar el diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Background: bone tumors are common lesions, there are specific features related to each histological type, but unusual and atypical presentations do occur. Objetive: to show the case of a patient with an enchondroma in the proximal right tibial plateau. Case report: a 74 year old white woman, who had had previous personal history of hypertension and asthma is taken to the Orthopaedic and Traumatology outpatient department complaining of right knee pain which gets worse with physical activity associated to limited range of motion and articular crepitus. CT scan showed an osteoblastic lesion in the proximal upper right tibial plateau without cortical breaking. On the other hand, multiple subchondral degenerative cysts were found in the knee joint as well as osteophytes, sclerosis and joint space narrowing. Taken into account the entire previous patient' features, surgery was performed and consist of tumor resection with bone cement filled. The specimen was send to the pathology department showing enchondroma. Conclusions: enchondroma is a benign cartilaginous bone tumor unfrequently found over 40 years of age, the main differential diagnosis is low grade chondrosarcoma. Because of the infrequent presentation of this case in regards to age, surgery was warranted to confirm diagnosis.

Appearance of COVID-19 pneumonia on 1.5 T TrueFISP MRI / Aspectos da pneumonia por COVID-19 na ressonância magnética 1.5 T TrueFISP

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the performance of 1.5 T true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for the detection and characterization of pulmonary abnormalities caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans of 20 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated with regard to the distribution, opacity, and appearance of pulmonary lesions, as well as bronchial changes, pleural effusion, and thoracic lymphadenopathy. McNemar's test was used in order to compare the COVID-19-associated alterations seen on CT with those seen on MRI. Results: Ground-glass opacities were better visualized on CT than on MRI (p = 0.031). We found no statistically significant differences between CT and MRI regarding the visualization/characterization of the following: consolidations; interlobular/intralobular septal thickening; the distribution or appearance of pulmonary abnormalities; bronchial pathologies; pleural effusion; and thoracic lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: Pulmonary abnormalities caused by COVID-19 pneumonia can be detected on TrueFISP MRI sequences and correspond to the patterns known from CT. Especially during the current pandemic, the portions of the lungs imaged on cardiac or abdominal MRI should be carefully evaluated to promote the identification and isolation of unexpected cases of COVID-19, thereby curbing further spread of the disease.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho da ressonância magnética (RM) de 1,5 T true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) para detecção e caracterização de anormalidades pulmonares causadas por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Materiais e Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo unicêntrico, imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC) e RM de 20 pacientes com pneumonia COVID-19 foram avaliadas em relação a distribuição, opacidade e forma das lesões pulmonares, anormalidades brônquicas, derrame pleural e linfadenopatia torácica. O teste de McNemar foi usado para comparar os achados associados à COVID-19 na TC e na RM. Resultados: As opacidades em vidro fosco foram mais bem visualizadas na TC do que na RM (p = 0,031). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre TC e RM em relação aos outros aspectos, ou seja, visualização de consolidações e espessamento septal interlobular/intralobular, distribuição ou forma de anormalidades pulmonares, doenças brônquicas, derrame pleural ou linfadenopatia torácica. Conclusão: As anomalias pulmonares causadas pela pneumonia por COVID-19 podem ser detectadas nas sequências TrueFISP e correspondem aos padrões conhecidos da TC. Especialmente em face da pandemia atual, as porções de imagem dos pulmões na RM cardíaca ou abdominal devem ser cuidadosamente avaliadas para apoiar a identificação e o isolamento de casos inesperados de COVID-19 e, assim, conter a disseminação.