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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the roles of BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic signaling in hippocampal injury for fatigue rats induced by incremental load exercise and the protective effects and mechanism of spirulina supplement.@*METHODS@#Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), normal plus spirulina group(NS), exercise model group (EM), exercise plus spirulina group (ES), and positive control group (PC), 12 rats in each group.Group EM, Group ES and Group PC were applied by treadmill running with high-intensity increasing for three weeks, and Group NC had not any intervention measures.Group ES and Group NS were treated with spirulina at a dose of 300 mg/kg.bw.by intragastric administration.Group PC was gavaged at the same volume of ginseng extract of 1.92 g/kg for three weeks.The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase recptor (TrkB), phospho-tyrosine kinase recptor (p-TrkB) were tested by Western blot and immunohistochemical method, and micromorphology changes of hippocampal CA1 were observed by light microscope at the end of the experiment.The general situations of rats such as body weights were recorded during the experiment.@*RESULTS@#Compared with Group NC, Group EM showed significantly decrease in body weight and hippocampal CA1 neurons of the group loosely arrayed and disarrayed and some neurons were shrinked, and even some neurons disappeared.The expressions of BDNF, TrkB and p-TrkB in group EM were increased significantly(<0.01).Compared with Group EM, body weight of Group ES was increased significantly, and the above mentioned injuries of neurons were improved significantly:the number of neurons and nissl bodies were significantly increased and the neurons arrayed regularly and its morphology was more complete.The expressions of BDNF, TrkB and p-TrkB in the group were increased significantly(<0.05 or <0.01).And there was no difference between Group ES and Group PC.@*CONCLUSIONS@#BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic signal pathway could be involved in the repair process of hippocampal nervous damage caused by incremental load exercise for fatigue rats.Spirulina supplement had a protective effect on the damaged nervous through increasing the expressions of BDNF, TrkB and p-TrkB.
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Animals , Mice , Rats , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Hippocampus , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, trkB , SpirulinaABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Fomes officinalis polysaccharides (FoP) on exercise-induced fatigue and exercise immune suppression in mice with FoP induced by exercise fatigue and unbalanced exercise immunity.Through treadmill exercise,the long-term exercise immune suppression model fatigue was established.Different doses of FoP were used in the animal experiment.The experimental animal were randomly divided into the positive control group,negative control group,low dose FoP (20 mg· kg-1) + exercise group,middle dose FoP (40 mg· kg-1) + exercise group,and the high dose FoP (80 mg· kg-1) + exercise group.The intragastric administration was given 6 days per week for 8 weeks.Treadmill exercise was administered during these 8 weeks.After 8 weeks,the samples were sacrificed.The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),hemoglobin (HB) and creatine kinase (CK) were detected by kit.And the relative expression of IL-4mRNA,INF-γmRNA was detected by RT-PCR.The results showed that compared with the positive control group,FoP can significantly improve the level of HB in mice,the level of serum CK in each FoP dose group was significantly decreased;compared with the positive control group,FoP group can significantly eliminate MDA with no significant difference among different FoP dose groups.The contents of SOD in serum of different dose FoP group and the negative control group were significantly higher than that of the positive control group.The IL-4 mRNA/INF-γ mRNA ratio of different dose FoP group were in basic equilibrium.It was concluded that Uygur FoP can effectively promote the body fatigue recovery,accelerate the clearance of free radicals,and improve the antioxidant ability and immune status.
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AIM: To observe the different changes of neuroendocrine systems between the state of sport fatigue and poverty of movement. METHODS: 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, sport fatigue model group and poverty of movement model group (20 rats in each group). The sport fatigue model was established by the method of combining basal diet and loaded swimming during 2 weeks, whereas the method of restricted activities was used to establish the poverty of movement model with total experimental time of 10 weeks. By the end of experiment, the climbing pole time was determined. The contents of hypothalamus thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and serum norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in rats with different treatments were determined by ELISA. In addition, the changes of hypothalamus corticotropin release hormone (CRH), pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and serum corticosterone (CORT), triiodothyronine (T_3), tetraiodothyronine (T_4) were determined by radioimmunoassay to evaluate the functions of adrenergic nerve-adrenomedullin system, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. RESULTS: Compared to control group, the climbing pole time of the animals was obviously decreased in two model group. The adrenergic nerve-adrenomedullin system and HPA axis were inhibited in sport fatigue model rats, but HPT axis was unchanged. Interestingly, the HPA axis was hyperfunctional and HPT axis was inhibited in poverty of movement model rats. However, no change in the adrenergic nerve-adrenomedullin system was observed. CONCLUSION: Sport fatigue and poverty of movement all affect neuroendocrine system and lead to the adjustment mechanism imbalance, but the target and tendency are different.
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Objective Based on the model of exercise induced central fatigue,we attempt to testify that the whole power output in time-counted sporting events was regulated by the central nervous system(CNS).Methods Eighteen national level rowers participated in the experiment.Each participant completed two successive 6 minutes maximal rowing exercise with an interval of 15 minutes.The power output(PO),heart rate(HR),blood lactate(BL),RPE and EMG were measured.Results It was demonstrated that the pacing strategies adopted by the rowers in the 2 successive 6-minute rowing tests were remarkably similar,and the rowers'PO and iEMG activities in the two tests were highly correlated,especially in the last minute of exercise.Conclusion It is concluded that the hypothesis of pacing strategy is controlled by CNS.
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Sports fatigue was pivotal subject in the research of sports science.The effect of nutrition supplement on the elimination of sports fatigue was reviewed.