Oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in a young Lao patient: a rare case report and literature review / Lao Medical Journal

@#Oral cancer has been regarded as disturbingly high and diagnosed mostly among males, with median age at the diagnosis of tongue cancer was 61 years, with only approximately 2% of patients under 35 years old. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is rare in young age groups, and may misdiagnosed resulting for late treatment leading to poor survival rate. We report the case of a 27year-old Lao woman with tongue cancer in the lateral posterior border area.

Experimental study on the effect of hedysarum polybotys saccharides and selenizated hedysarum polybotys saccharides on oral squamous cancer cells in vitro / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the effects of hedysarum polybotys saccharides (HPS) and selenizated hedysarum polybotys saccharides (SE-HPS) on the oral squamous cancer cell line SCC25.@*Methods@#Different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/ml) of HPS and SE-HPS were added to SCC25 cells in the logarithmic growth stage. Cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 method, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and apoptosis-related indexes were observed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.@*Results @#The concentrations of HPS and SE-HPS inhibited the proliferation of SCC25 cells. The inhibitory effect of 50 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS on the proliferation of SCC25 cells was the strongest and was time-dependent. The inhibition effect significantly increased within 48 h, and the effect was achieved after 48 h. At the plateau stage, SE-HPS inhibited the proliferation of SCC25 cells more strongly than HPS (P < 0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that 50 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS acted on SCC25 cells for 48 h, and the apoptotic rates were 25.8% and 30.8% respectively. Compared with the control group (0 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that 50 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS acted on SCC25 cells for 48 h, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the apoptosis gene Fas/FasL were upregulated. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@# Both HPS and SE-HPS can inhibit the proliferation of SCC25 oral cancer cells, but SE-HPS is superior to HPS and can induce apoptosis through the Fas/Fasl pathway.

Relationship between squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and the position of dental prosthesis

PURPOSE: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue has a relatively high incidence of all oral cancers. Some studies have reported a relationship between intraoral dental prosthesis and SCC of the tongue; however, this relationship remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SCC of the tongue and the positional aspects of dental prosthesis using a retrospective analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 439 patients with SCC of the tongue were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Patients were treated over a 12.5-year period ranging from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2013. Statistical analysis was performed to examine potential differences between the groups. RESULTS: The number of patients with a crown and/or a bridge (134, 63.5%) was significantly different than the number of patients without a prosthesis (77, 36.5%). Even after accounting for different types of prostheses such as crowns, bridges, and dentures, no significant differences were observed between the position of the prosthesis and the location of the SCC of the tongue, with significance defined as a P-value less than .05 by the Pearson-Chi square test. CONCLUSION: Patients with crowns and/or bridges exhibited more frequent SCC of the tongue compared with patients without these prosthesis. These data support the hypothesis that mechanical trauma and galvanic phenomena play a role in the etiology of SCC of the tongue.

Relationship between squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and the position of dental prosthesis

PURPOSE: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue has a relatively high incidence of all oral cancers. Some studies have reported a relationship between intraoral dental prosthesis and SCC of the tongue; however, this relationship remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SCC of the tongue and the positional aspects of dental prosthesis using a retrospective analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 439 patients with SCC of the tongue were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Patients were treated over a 12.5-year period ranging from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2013. Statistical analysis was performed to examine potential differences between the groups. RESULTS: The number of patients with a crown and/or a bridge (134, 63.5%) was significantly different than the number of patients without a prosthesis (77, 36.5%). Even after accounting for different types of prostheses such as crowns, bridges, and dentures, no significant differences were observed between the position of the prosthesis and the location of the SCC of the tongue, with significance defined as a P-value less than .05 by the Pearson-Chi square test. CONCLUSION: Patients with crowns and/or bridges exhibited more frequent SCC of the tongue compared with patients without these prosthesis. These data support the hypothesis that mechanical trauma and galvanic phenomena play a role in the etiology of SCC of the tongue.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in osteogenic sarcoma of the neck following oral squamous cell carcinoma

Postirradiation extraosseous osteogenic sarcomas are uncommon in the head and neck, despite the extensive use of high-dose radiation. It has been described as de novo radiation-induced neoplasm. We present a 73-year-old male who had been treated by radiotherapy for gingival cancer 7 years earlier and later developed extraosseous osteogenic sarcomas (EOSs) of the neck. Microscopically, the neck mass was composed with mesenchymal malignant cells with cartilaginous and osteogenic differentiation. Immunohistochemical stain demonstrated strong positivity of tumor cells for Snail, the one of major epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer. The E-cadherin expression was scarce, showing inverse relationship to Snail expression. Compared with previous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gingiva, the present EOS sample revealed the remained epithelial cells on cytokeratin immunohistochemistry, suggesting the tumor arise from the cells of epithelial origin. We have also reviewed the previous 6 cases of head and neck EOSs carefully. The clinicopathologic features of the unusual lesion suggest that it is an incomplete EMT of precedent epithelial malignancy rather than de novo pathology.

The Significance of Sentinel Node Biopsy in Malignant Melanoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lower Extremities / 대한골관절종양학회지

PURPOSE: Sentinel lymph node (SLNB) is the first confronted lymph node from primary lesion of tumor through lymphatic drainage, which is important for determining early metastasis and setting guidelines for treatment. We reported significant of sentinel lymph node biopsy in malignant melanoma (MM) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lower extremities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five cases of surgically treatment and being possible for follow up more than 1 year among the patients who were diagnosed as MM and SCC in this institution from Sep. 2005 to Jan. 2009, and 10 cases of them were performed SLNB. Average age was 64 years old, and 15 cases of male and 10 cases of female were in this group. RESULTS: 3 years overall survival rate was 100% and 3 years disease-free survival rate was 76%. Metastasis occurred in total 6 patients, 4 cases of inguinal lymph nodes, 1 case of soft tissue around knee, 1 case of left achilles tendon. In 15 cases of not performing SLNB, overall survival rate was 93.3% and disease-free survival rate was 73.3%. In 10 cases of performing SLNB, overall survival rate was 100% and disease-free survival rate was 90%. And only 1 case showed positive finding in the biopsy, and none of the 10 cases showed metastasis in follow-up. CONCLUSION: SLNB leads simpler and less complications compared to prior elective lymph node dissection, and shows high degree of accuracy. Throughout the SLNB, setting guidelines for treatment by accurate staging is thought to be helpful for increasing the survival rate in the patient with MM and SCC.

A Case of Verrucous Carcinoma / 대한피부과학회지

Verrucous carcinoma(VC) is a low grade and well-differentiated, unusual variant of squamous cell carcinoma, presenting as a warty tumor. It is often underdiagnosed because of its gross appearance and slow growing pattern, and histologically, the diagnosis of VC is usually difficult as a result of its cellular benignity. We present a case of VC on the foot, which had been treated as a wart for over eight months and treated with amputation. VC shoud be considered in the differential diagnosis for any warty lesion, especially, intractable long-standing warty lesion, and the diagnosis for VC is based on the combination of the history of the lesion, clinical features, and histopathological findings from an adequately deep specimen.

Comparison of Immunohistochemical Staining of bcl-2 and PCNA in Keratoacanthoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The function of the bcl-2 oncogene was known to prolong cell life by inhibiting apoptosis. PCNA have been used as a cellular proliferation marker. Because there are much similarities between Keratoacanthoma(KA) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC), it is often hard to differentiate KA and SCC, clinically and histopathologically. Although a number of recent studies have been attempted to separate these two entities by immunohistochemical stains, the distinction between KA and SCC may be still debatable and a matter of speculation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefullness of the method by analyzing immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 and PCNA in a matter of differentiating KA and SCC. METHOD: 11 cases of Keratoacanthoma and 22 cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma which are conformed by histopathologic examination were stained with bcl-2 and PCNA immunohistochemically. RESULTS: 1. In KA, The bcl-2 was negative in 100% and the PCNA was positive in 100%. 2. In SCC, The bcl-2 was negative in 95% and the PCNA was positive in 100%. 3. In the pattern of staining of PCNA, KA have more peripheral pattern(73%) than diffuse pattern(27%), otherwise SCC have more diffuse pattern(59%) than peripheral(27%) and focal pattern(14%). CONCLUSION: bcl-2, PCNA, Keratoacanthoma(KA), Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC)Our research showed that KA is almost similar to SCC except that there are difference in the pattern of staining of PCNA. According to the result of our study, we think that it is hard to differentiate between KA and SCC only by immunohistochemical staining of PCNA. Althogh immunohistochemical staining of PCNA would not be a confirmative method, it will help us to distinguish KA from SCC as a supplementary measure. By the fact, more researches are necessary to differentiate KA and SCC by immunohistochemical staining.

A Histopathological Study of Accompanying Actinic Keratosis and Bowen's Disease at the Periphery or within the Confines of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) on sun-damaged skin is a malignant neoplasm that evolves from its inception as squamous cell carcinoma in situ, which is commonly referred to as an actinic keratosis(AK) or Bowen's disease(BD). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a significant association between cutaneous SCC on sun-damaged skin and AK or BD in Korean. METHODS: A total of 50 Korean patients with SCC on sun-damaged skin was enrolled in this study. The hospital charts and histopathological slides of the patients with SCC on sun-damaged skin diagnosed at Chungbuk National University Hospital from July 1, 1991 to March 1, 2001 were reviewed. We investigated the incidence of actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease and histopathological characteristics of actinic keratosis at the periphery or within the confines of cutaneous SCC. RESULTS: Of the 50 cutaneous SCC cases on sun-damaged skin reviewed, 96.0% (48 out of 50) were found to have concomitant AK or BD at the periphery or within the confines of cutaneous SCC. The most common histopathological subtype of accompanying AK in the cutaneous SCC was the hypertrophic type. CONCLUSION: The 96.0% prevalence of concomitant AK or BD and SCC in our biopsy population suggests a strong correlation between these lesions.

An Analysis of Prognostic Factors in the Uterine Cervical Cancer Patients / 대한방사선종양학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to analysis of survival and recurrence rates of the uterine cervical carcinoma patients whom received the radiation therapy respectively. The prognostic factors, such as Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, carcinoembriogenic antigen (CEA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen has been studied. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 1981 to December 1998, eight-hundred twenty-seven uterine cervical cancer patients were treated with radiation therapy. All of the patients were divided into two groups : the radiation therapy only (521 patients) group and the postoperative radiation therapy (326 patients) group. The age, treatment modality, clinical stage, histopathology, recurrence, follow-up Pap smears, CEA and SCC antigen were used as parameters for the evaluation. The prognostic factors such as survival and recurrence rates were performed with the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox hazard model, respectively. Median follow-up was 38.6 months. RESULTS: On the radiation therapy only group, 314 patients (60%) achieved complete response (CR), 47 patients (9%) showed local recurrence (LR), 78 patients (15%) developed distant metastasis (DM). On the postoperative radiation therapy group, showed 276 patients (85%) CR, 8 patients (2%) LR, 37 patients (11%) DM. The 5-year survival and recurrence rates was evaluated for all parameters. The statistically significant factors for the survival rate in univariate analysis were clinical stage (p=0.0001), treatment modality ( p=0.0010), recurrence ( p=0.0001), Pap smear ( p=0.0329), CEA ( p=0.0001) and SCC antigen ( p= 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that after treatment, the follow-up studies of Pap smear, CEA and SCC antigen were significant parameter and prediction factors for the survival and recurrence of the uterine cervical carcinoma.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Chronic Ulcers in Leprosy Patients : Clinical and Histopathologic Study / 나학회지

BACKGROUND: At the present time, more than 100 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing in neurotrophic ulcers of leprosy have been reported. But the histopathologic features and the differences between SCC in leprosy and de novo SCC was not described. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of SCC in leprosy and to investigate growth dynamics of SCC in ulcers in leprosy. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical features and the degree of histopathologic differentiation of 13 cases of SCC in ulcers of leprosy patients presenting at the KLCA from 1986 to 1998. And immunohistochemical staining with PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and TUNEL staining were done in paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 18 sites of 13 cases of SCC in ulcers of leprosy. RESULTS: 1. The average duration of leprosy and of an ulcer prior to diagnosis of SCC was 43 years and 19 years, respectively. 2. Histopathologic grading of 13 cases was performed as follows:10 cases were well-differentiated and 3 cases were moderately-differentiated. 3. The PCNA LI(labelling index) was 47.26+/-7.38% in well-differentiated group and 48.86+/-9.39% in moderately -differentiated group. 4. The apoptotic index(AI) was 45.57+/-8.68% in well- differentiated group and 29.38+/-1.06% in moderately differentiated group. The AI in de novo SCC was 45.09+/-6.18%. CONCLUSION: (1) Malignant change in chronic ulcer in leprosy may be found more often if patients are examined with care. (2) Our leprosy case with SCC is a 63-year-old male with past history of lepromatous leprosy of 43 year duration having ulcer problems for 19 years before presenting with SCC on an average. (3) High-degrees of malignancy in SCC of leprosy patients might be caused by extended cell survival due to decreased apoptosis rather than increased cell proliferation.