Turnover Intention and Influencing Factors of Staffs in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the Post-Corvid-19 Era / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of turnover intention of staffs in Center for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC） in the post-COVID-19 era and analyze the influencing factors of turnover intention， so as to provide policy suggestions and reference basis for maintaining the stability of the team of CDC and promote the development of health industry in China. MethodsA questionnaire survey on 1，508 staffs in Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention by means of WenJuanXing electronic questionnaire from January to February 2023 was conducted .Logistic stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of turnover intention. ResultsAmong the 1，508 respondents， 583 （38.66%） had resignation intention. Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the scores of work arrangement， salary level ，professional title promotion system， occupational will，worry about job prospects were related to the generation of turnover intention ［OR 95%CI： 0.783（0.643， 0.952）； 0.531（0.452， 0.623）； 0.738（0.614， 0.887）； 0.605（0.520， 0.703）； 0.614（0.529， 0.714）］. In addition， job title， age and education were also related to generation of turnover intention （P <0.05）. ConclusionDisease prevention and control institutions should reduce the turnover intention of staffs in CDC through reasonable work arrangement， improvement of salary， adjustment of professional title promotion system， strengthening of professional cognition and enhancing confidence of personnel in career prospects.

Development of nutrition screening guideline content for use by healthcare staffs in older adults in health clinic setting: A scoping review

@#Introduction: Malnutrition, specifically undernutrition, in community-dwelling older adults reduces their well-being and predisposes to diseases. Therefore, timely malnutrition identification through nutrition screening is needed to identify at risk and malnourished patients. This study aimed to develop the content of nutrition screening guideline to facilitate healthcare staffs in health clinics to administer a validated nutrition screening tool specifically for older adults. Methods: A scoping review was conducted electronically using SCOPUS, PubMed, ProQuest Health & Medical Complete, and Cochrane databases. The systematic search was performed up to 31st December 2021. Search terms were created for identification of eligible and related articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined for the systematic search. The search was limited to English and Malay languages, and full text articles with no limitation of years. All data were extracted and analysed, guided by the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Results: From 728 identified articles, 18 articles were included in the analysis. Identified information for the guideline content were: introduction, aims and objectives, definition of malnutrition, prevalence of malnutrition, implementation of nutrition screening, guidance on administering items in validated tools, and guidance on anthropometric measurements. Meanwhile, format and flow charts from established guidelines served as references for the guideline development process. Conclusion: Appropriate content to develop a nutrition screening guideline has been identified based on this review. Development of a guideline based on this content can facilitate healthcare staffs to perform timely nutrition screening in older adults.

4. Understanding and Support of Newly Medical Professionals Who Cannot Do Their Jobs Well / 医学教育

In this paper, in order to understand “newly medical professionals who cannot do their jobs well in clinical practice”, we gave concrete fictitious cases, examined the reasons from three viewpoints, and showed supporting examples for each. The first is the possibility of “discrepancies between the learner’s personality and the environment” and “difficulties in the learner’s own environment” from the perspective of environmental factors. Also included is the importance of how to match the learner and the environment. The second is the possibility of “bipolar disorder” from the perspective of clinical psychology, which requires consultation with a specialist and specialized therapeutic intervention according to the diagnosis. The third possibility is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, it is important to improve the work environment, including the surrounding staff.

Analysis of lung cancer screening through low-dose spiral computed tomography among petroleum company staffs in Sichuan-Chongqing Area in 2020 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To provide scientific evidence for early lung cancer screening, to analyze the incidence of pulmonary nodules among petroleum company staffs in Sichuan-Chongqing Area. Methods: In January 2021 , 6002 petroleum company staffs in Sichuan-Chongqing Area which scanned by low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) of chest in medical examination center in 2020 were retrospectively collected as objects. Their imaging and clinical data were collected. χ(2) test was used to analyze the differences in the detection rates of lung nodules and suspected lung cancer nodules among workers in petroleum company staffs of different genders, ages and types of work. Results: Among the 6002 objects, 3853 (64.2%) were male and 2149 (35.8%) were female, with an average age of (47.25±12.13) years old. A total of 431 cases (7.2%) of pulmonary nodules and 57 cases (0.9%) of suspected lung cancer nodules were detected. 45 cases were followed up with surgical treatment, and 41 cases (91.1%) of lung cancer were diagnosed by postoperative pathology. There were significant differences in the detection rates of pulmonary nodules and suspected lung cancer nodules between different age groups (χ(2)=51.23, 18.81 , P<0.001). The detection rates of pulmonary nodules in the age groups 51-60 years old and ≥61 years old were higher than those in the age groups≤40 years old and 41-50 years old (P<0.05). The detection rate of suspected lung cancer nodules in the age group≥ 61 years old was higher than those in the age groups≤40 years old, 41-50 years old and 51-60 years old (P< 0.05) . And the detection rate of suspected lung cancer pulmonary nodules in oil workers was higher than that of ordinary workers (P<0.05) . Among female objects, the detection rate of pulmonary nodules in oil workers was higher than that in ordinary workers (χ(2)=8.09, P=0.004) . The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in oil workers aged ≥61 years old was higher than ordinary workers (χ(2)=37.94, P<0.001) . Among male objects, the detection rate of suspected lung cancer pulmonary nodules in oil workers was higher than that in ordinary workers (χ(2)=8.42, P=0.004) . The detection rates of suspected lung cancer pulmonary nodules in oil workers aged 51-60 years old and ≥61 years old groups were higher than those of ordinary workers (χ(2)=4.70, 8.74; P=0.030, 0.003) . Conclusion: LDCT is suitable for early lung cancer screening for petroleum company staffs. During the clinical screening process, LDCT should be used as a routine physical examination item for petroleum workers older than 51 years old.

Study on utilization of personal protective equipments by paramedical staffs: an institutional study at RIMS, Ranchi

Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) continues to play an integral role in prevention of transmission of infection in the healthcare setting. The objective of this study is to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of universal precautions for control of infection among health care workers.Methods: Cross sectional study were conducted at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi during the period of November 2018 to January 2019. 151 paramedical staffs were included as study population. Sampling method was consecutive sampling.Results: The present study included 151 paramedical staffs, based on our criteria about knowledge of PPEs, 88.7% (134) of participants had the knowledge, while 11.3% (17) did not have. 77% (116) of paramedical staffs received formal training while 23.2% (35) didn’t. 95.68% had the knowledge about PPEs who received training (116), while out of untrained person 65.71% already had knowledge about PPEs which is statistically significant. Departments which always use PPEs are emergency (50%) followed by pathology (16.6%) and Neurosurgery (13.3%) which is statistically significant. Those who frequently use PPEs, 89.6% had knowledge while 10.4% did not have. 85.4% of paramedical staff change gloves between procedures on same patient. Non availabilityof PPEs inhibit maximum percentage of Paramedical staffs 72% towards use of PPEs followed by lack of information and education 12% and uncomfortable PPEs 5%.Conclusions: Proper training should be provided to healthcare workers for universal precaution. Information about universal precaution can be spread in the form of posters in different wards.

Influence of two training methods on hand hygiene compliance of health care workers / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of the two methods of propaganda and education, conventional training method and that combined with hand contamination survey method, on the medical and nursing staffs' hand hygiene compliance. Methods From October 2017 to April 2018, all medical and nursing staffs in 6 Departments:General Surgery Ⅰ, General Surgery Ⅱ, Orthopedics Ⅰ, Orthopedics Ⅱ, Internal Medicine Ⅰ and Internal Medicine Ⅲin Cangnan Second People's Hospital receiving health education were divided into two groups; both groups received routine training, while in the observation group, on the basis of routine training, the hand hygiene pollution investigation training mode was added, In the combined training method, when the wrong hand hygiene mode occurred, the hand specimens were collected and the correct hand washing method was instructed on the spot, and then the following hand specimens were taken to investigate the contaminated condition. One month before the training, the real situations of hand hygiene compliance in the two groups were investigated. In the 1st month after the beginning of training, both groups were cultivated by conventional propaganda and training methods. From the second month to the sixth month, the observation group was additionally trained to investigate hand hygiene pollution situation on the basis of conventional propaganda and training methods. After 6 months, the compliance rates of hand hygiene in the two groups were observed. Results Before training, there was no significant differences in the compliance rate of hand hygiene in the observation group and the routine trainning group [37.14% (52/140) vs. 36.36% (48/132), P > 0.05]. The compliance rates of hand hygiene after 1, 2, 3 months of training in the observation group were 56.61% (77/136), 60.61% (80/132) and 61.20% (82/134), respectively, and those in the routine trainning group were 56.25% (72/128), 59.26% (80/135) and 58.70% (81/138), which were all significantly higher than those before the training (all P < 0.05), but there were no statistical significant differences between the two groups (all P > 0.05). From the 4th month to the 6th month after training, the compliance rates of hand hygiene in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the observation group [61.97% (88/142) vs. 49.23% (64/130), 62.50% (80/128) vs. 47.73% (63/132), 62.31% (81/130) vs. 46.03% (58/126)], the differences between the two groups being statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The routine training combined with hand contamination investigation survey training for consecutive 3 months can nicely promote the improvement of hand hygiene compliance of medical and nursing staffs.

Individual case safety reports by nursing staff: a retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis

Background: The burden of adverse drug reactions is high and accounts for considerable morbidity which can be prevented if healthcare professionals have proper knowledge. Early and spontaneous reporting of ADRs is the mainstay of pharmacovigilance program. Since staff nurses are closely involved in direct patient care, they can easily identify ADRs in the early stage. This study was done to assess the extent of participation of nurses in pharmacovigilance program in our institution.Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted by analyzing the 210 Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) of 2years duration. Causality assessment in the ICSR was analyzed. Severity of the reactions was categorized into mild, moderate and severe according to Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. Descriptive statistics were used.Results: There were 177 cases reported by faculties and 33 were by the staff nurses.19 nurses reported 33 adverse effects (1:1.7) whereas 41 faculties 177 events (1:4). On analyzing the severity of reactions, 188 cases were categorized as moderate (89.5%), 20 mild (9.5%) and 2 severe (1%). In moderate category of 188 reports, 82 % reporting was by faculties and 18% by staff nurses. All the 33 reports by nurses were of moderate category (100%). In the mild and severe category, 100% reporting was by faculties. Causality analysis showed that 194 were classified as probable (92%), 14 as Possible (7%) and 2as certain (1%). In probable category 85% of reporting was by faculties and 15% by nurses, in possible group 71 % by faculties and 29% by nurses and 100% by faculties in severe category.Conclusions: Training and dedicated participation of nurses can improve reporting of ICSR.

Cognition and Education of Knowledge of Medical Ethics in Geriatric Ward Medical Staffs / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To investigate the mastery and application of medical ethics basic knowledge in geriatric ward medical staffs,and the way which they receive relevant education. Methods:From November 2016 to January 2017,240 questionnaires about medical ethics were distributed among medical staffs in clinical department in the Chinese PLA General Hospital,among them,30 were medical groups and 210 were nursing groups;and a total of 233 valid questionnaires were collected. The nurses were divided into geriatric ward nursing group and non - geriat-ric ward nursing group,according to whether they work in the geriatric wards or not. Results:Only 2. 14％ and 7. 72％ participants fully and correctly answered the core concepts and basic principles of medical ethics,respec-tively. The rate of informed consent in medical staffs in geriatric group was significantly higher than that of non -geriatric group (92. 66％ vs 82. 11％ ,P = 0. 02);the patient' s privacy protection in geriatric nursing group was significantly higher than that of non - geriatric nursing group (92. 66％ vs 31. 57％ ,P < 0. 001). 28. 75％ of the respondents received medical ethics continuing education curriculum,and the proportion of correctly receiving ex-pectable death in these medical staffs (71. 40％ ) was significantly higher than that of other education pathway groups (36. 17％ ). Conclusion:Medical staffs lack more knowledge on medical ethics. Clinical work in geriatric medicine has higher demand for medical ethics knowledge,and continuing medical education can help to improve the cognitive level of medical ethics in medical staffs.

Study on the Basic Situation of Pharmacy Staffs and the Development of Pharmaceutical Care in Chongqing Primary Health Care Institutions / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the basic situation of pharmaceutical staffs and the development of pharmaceutical care in Chongqing primary health care institutions,and to provide references for promoting the development of pharmaceutical work in primary health care institutions. METHODS:A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the basic situation of pharmaceutical staffs and the development of pharmaceutical care in primary health care institutions from 38 districts and counties of Chongqing,and the data was analyzed statistically to put forward suggestion. RESULTS:A total of 1147 questionnaires about the general situation of primary health care institutions were sent out,and 813 valid questionnaires were collected,with effective recovery rate of 70.88％. A total of 1972 questionnaires about the general situation of pharmaceutical staffs and the development of pharmaceutical care were sent out,and 1904 valid questionnaires were collected,with effective recovery rate of 96.55％. The average number of pharmaceutical staffs in the community health service center was 4.5(2-14 persons),that of pharmaceutical staffs in township hospitals was 2.5(0-12 persons),accounting for 8.69％ and 8.17％ of professional medical staffs,respectively. Some of respondents were part-time nonprofessionals. The highest educational level of surveyed pharmaceutical staffs was college degree (51.79％),followed by high school degree and secondary school degree (21.64％). The professional titles were mostly assistant pharmacists (34.35％),followed by pharmacists (30.04％). Only 2.73％ of the licensed pharmacist certificates were obtained,and no one obtained the clinical pharmacist training certificate of National Health and Family Planning Commission. In community health service center and township hospital,the higher proportion of the job positions of the pharmacists were in outpatient pharmacy(79.67％ and 81.44％),inpatient pharmacy (32.94％ and 56.57％),TCM pharmacy(27.54％ and 40.85％) and warehouse (22.20％ and 24.05％);the lower proportion of the job positions of the pharmacists were in clinicalpharmacy room(1.40％ and 0),laboratory(0.23％ and 0)and PIVAS(0.23％ and 0). Top 6 pharmaceutical care projects carried out by the community health service center included drug dispensing(100％),out-patient prescription comment(70.00％),ADR monitoring(62.67％),medication consultation(60.67％),antibiotics prescription comment(58.00％),medication education and medication guidance(50.00％);pharmaceutical outpatient service,therapy drug monitoring and pharmacogenomics detection were not developed. The pharmaceutical care projects carried out by township hospital included drug dispensing (100％),ADR monitoring (62.29％),medication consultation (59.73％),medication education and medication guidance (53.85％),outpatient prescription comment (51.58％),and antibiotics prescription comment (45.40％);centralized intravenous pharmacy admixture and administration, pharmaceutical outpatient service, therapy drug monitoring and pharmacogenomics detection were not developed. CONCLUSIONS:The pharmaceutical talents are short in Chongqing primary health care institutions and part-time staffs also have a certain proportion. The overall quality of pharmaceutical staffs is not high,and their professional skills and capabilities are limited. The institutions do not pay enough attention to pharmaceutical care, and the development of pharmaceutical care is not ideal. To promote the development of pharmaceutical care,primary health care institutions should pay more attention to pharmaceutical care,increase the investment of funds in combination with the actual situation,optimize post setting,perfect the construction of institutions,and strengthen the introduction and training of pharmaceutical staffs so as to constantly improve their professional level and pharmaceutical care capabilities,and provide high-quality,safe,humanized and professional pharmaceutical care.

Síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo y satisfacción laboral como predictores de calidad de la atención de enfermería hospitalaria / Burnout syndrome and labor satisfaction as predictors of quality of the hospital nursing attention

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer si existe relación entre el Síndrome de Quemarse en el Trabajo (SQT) y satisfacción laboral con la calidad de la atención brindada por equipos de enfermeras en un hospital público de alta complejidad de la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Material y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, correlacional de tipo ecológico-mixto. La muestra fueron 35 enfermeras, distribuidas en 12 turnos, de servicios de Medicina y Cirugía y 402 pacientes en etapa de egreso o recuperación de su cuadro agudo hospitalizados en estos servicios. Instrumentos: Cuestionario para Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse en el Trabajo, Encuesta de Satisfacción Laboral Hospitalaria y Escala SERVQUAL. Resultados: Las enfermeras presentaron niveles medios de satisfacción laboral (Media=3,18 DS=0,38); el resultado global de SQT mostró valores bajos (Media=23,62 DS=9,63) y en la calidad de atención percibida por los usuarios se observó que todas las expectativas fueron superiores a 6,5. La mayoría de las dimensiones de satisfacción laboral evidenciaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas negativas con las dimensiones de SQT. La relación entre satisfacción laboral global de los equipos de enfermeras(os) y calidad de atención global percibida por los usuarios no mostró una correlación significativa, presentándose relaciones estadísticamente positivas entre algunas de sus dimensiones. Conclusión: La relación entre SQT y satisfacción laboral con la calidad de la atención muestra hallazgos que no son concluyentes. Las dimensiones de satisfacción laboral global presentaron una correlación positiva baja con calidad de atención y entre SQT global y calidad de atención percibida se presentó una relación muy baja y negativa con calidad de atención global.

ABSTRACT Objective: To establish whether there is a relationship between the Burnout Syndrome and job satisfaction with the quality of care provided by teams of nurses in a highly complex public hospital in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Method: Descriptive and correlational observational study of mixed-ecological type. The studied sample was 35 nurses, distributed in 12 shifts, of the services of Medicine and Surgery and 402 patients in a stage of discharge or recovery of their acute disease hospitalized in these services. Measures: For the measurement of the burnout syndrome, Spanish Burnout Inventory was used; to measure job satisfaction the hospital satisfaction survey was applied and the scale SERVQUAL was used to measure of the user satisfaction. Results: Nurses presented average levels of job satisfaction (Mean=3.18 DS=0.38; regarding the SQT, the overall result shows low values (Mean=23.62 DS=9.63) and with respect to the quality of attention perceived by users, it can be seen that all expectations tend to be higher than 6.5. Most of the factors of job satisfaction showed statistically significant negative correlations with the SQT factors. The relationship between the overall job satisfaction of the nurses' teams and the quality of global attention perceived by the users does not present a significant correlation, yet statistically positive relationships between some of their factors were found. Conclusion: The relationship between SQT and job satisfaction with the Quality of care presents findings that are inconclusive, since the correlations present different levels of statistical significance among the factors. Global job satisfaction factors showed a low positive correlation with quality of care and the relationship between global burnout syndrome and perceived quality of care presented very low and negative relationship with global quality of care.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of radiation risk among employees in selected hospitals of Nepal

Background and Objectives: Nepal is facing the problem of safe, effective and quality radiology services due to lack of adequate knowledge towards advance technology professionals. Therefore, the present study was designed to focus on the knowledge, attitude and practice on radiation among employee in selected hospitals.Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in among technical and non technical staff that were involved in or come across the radiology department. A set of self structured questionnaire and observation was used for data collection. Purposive sampling technique was used for the data collection. The collected data was compiled and analyzed by using SPSS 16.Results: The total number of staff participated in this study were 113, among them 65(58%) belong to technical group as health Professionals and 48(42%) belong to non -technical group. The knowledge of the technical staff was 66.95%, perception was 87.65% and the having the practice of protection was 75.9% whereas in non-technical staffs were 53.46%, perception is 64.60% and the having the practice of protection is 53.74%.Conclusion: The overall knowledge of radiation exposure amongst technical and non-technical staffs was average, poor perception and satisfactory practices. Regular training programmes and national legal law should be processed to reduce malpractice in radiations.

Impact of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in operating rooms on the health of medical staffs / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the impact of CO2 pneumoperitoneum in operating rooms on the health of medical staffs.@*Methods@#In June 2016, the thirty-three medical staffs in operating rooms were chosen as the object of the research.Seventeen people who took part in the pneumoperitoneum operation were selected as a exposure group and sixteen people who took part in the laparotomy operation were selected as a control group.Vital signs and arterial blood gases of medical staffs in the two groups were both measured in pre-operation and post-operation. Occupational Health Questionnaires were conducted to collect information on age, weight and postoperative symptoms. The level of CO2 in operating room was determined by a portable infrared CO2 analyzer.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the concentration of CO2 in the exposed group was higherat T1, T2 and T3 (t=22.227, 13.583, 17.408, P<0.05) . Heart rates and PaCO2 in the exposure group raised greatly (t=2.132, 2.129, P<0.05) , while pH decreased (t=-3.015, P<0.05) . The differences between the two groups were statistically significant.@*Conclusion@#The increase of mild acidosis and thesense of job burnout in medical staffs could be caused by CO2 pollution in the operating rooms.

Prevalence of breast and gynecological diseases in female workers in the administrative office and workshop of an automobile part factory / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of breast and gynecological diseases in female workers in the administrative office and workshop of an automobile part factory, and to provide a basis for promoting the health of female workers.@*Methods@#In March 2015, color ultrasound examination of the breast, uterus, and bilateral adnexa was performed for all female workers, and routine gynecological examination, routine leucorrhea examination, and thinprep liquid-based cytology test were performed for married female workers. The detection rates of breast and gynecological diseases in female workers in the administrative office and workshop were analyzed.@*Results@#In the 314 female workers, the overall detection rate of breast and gynecological diseases was 86.31%; the detection rate of abnormal breast ultrasound results was 72.93%, mainly breast hyperplasia; the detection rate of abnormal gynecological ultrasound results was 12.14%, mainly hysteromyoma, pelvic effusion, and uterus-rectum fossa effusion. The overall detection rate of cervicitis or vaginitis in married female workers was 66.86%. The univariate analysis showed that compared with those in the administrative office, the female workers in the workshop had significantly higher detection rates of breast hyperplasia and grade 2 breast lesions on the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and significantly lower detection rates of hysteromyoma and grade 3 breast lesions on the BI-RADS (all P <0.05) . The multivariate analysis showed that age was a risk factor for hysteromyoma (OR=1.261) , age and working in the workshop were risk factors for breast hyperplasia (OR=1.065 and 1.834) , married status was a protective factor against breast hyperplasia and grade 2 breast lesions on the BI-RADS (OR=0.334 and 0.450) , and working in workshop was a risk factor for grade 2 breast lesions on the BI-RADS (OR=1.890) and a protective factor against grade 3 breast lesions on the BI-RADS (OR=0.355) .@*Conclusion@#Female workers in an automobile part factory have high prevalence rates of breast and gynecological diseases. Night shifts for female workers in the workshop should be reduced as much as possible, and female workers, especially those in the administrative office, should be guided to release pressure and take a balanced diet.

Cognitive status of public health emergency risk communication among grass-root health emergency staffs in Chongqing / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To understand the cognitive status of public health emergency risk communication among grass-root health emergency staffs, so as to provide help to improve their understanding and ability for risk communication. Methods Questionnaire was designed and used to survey the emergency staffs from 19 counties in Chongqing. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were used for analysis.Results A total of 429 grass-root health emergency staffs were surveyed. It was found that 4.7% (20/429) of them characterized their familiarity of risk communication concept as "Heard of, very familiar with it", and the perception differences were statistically significant among participants of different ages, technical titles, training and work experience in public health emergency risk communication (P<0.05). Only 0.5% (2/429) of the participants were aware of all the core information risk communication; 24.9%(107/429) of the participants said they were willing to assume the risk communication task very much. The participants thought that the main reasons affecting public health emergency risk communication included: collection of the monitoring risk information was not complete (78.8%, 338/429), there was no established working mechanism (68.8%, 295/429), communication between departments was difficult (62.7%, 269/429), and there was a lack of technical proposal for risk communication (60.8%, 261/429). Conclusion The cognitive level of public health emergency risk communication among grass-root health emergency staffs is at a relatively low level. The emergency staffs have a poor knowledge about risk communication and less willingness to the work, and they are not competent for health emergency work. More efforts should be made to train the emergency staffs to meet the requirement of public health emergency work.

Analysis on influencing factors of hospital staffs' scientific research——Taking a Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang as an example / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To understand the current situation and the main influencing factors of hospital staffs' scientific research work in a affiliated hospital of Xinjiang,so as to provide the basis for improving awareness and level of scientific research of hospital staffs.Methods Survey using stratified random sampling method,using self-questionnaire research capacity factors questionnaire, to investigate the status of project leaders' research capacity in a affiliated hospital of Xinjiang.Using frequencies and relative number described ability to research,using x2 to compare research level among the various metrics.Scientific research levels' multivariate analysis using Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis.Results regarding of scientific research,low level of 14 people,accounting for 4.9％,the middle level of 158 people,accounting for 55％,a high level of 115 people,accounting for 40.1％.Univariate analysis showed that age,length of service,education level,job title,whether master instructor it is,the research team,the situation of foreign training and learning opportunities,foreign academic session (times),support from leadership and family,non-working time for research,the total research funding (ten thousands yuan),discipline level have impact on the level of scientific research work.Ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that age,length of service,educational level,whether master instructor it is,the total research funding (ten thousands yuan),discipline level are the main factors on level of scientific research work.Conclusions The scientific research level needs to be further improved,the level of scientific research is affected by many factors.

Investigation on the Status Quo and Cognition about the Cultural Construction of TCM in Chongqing / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for strengthening the cultural construction and promoting the cultural develop-ment of TCM in Chongqing. METHODS:Questionnaire was adopted to investigate the status quo and cognition of some citizens, staffs in medical and health institutions for the cultural construction of TCM in public TCM medical and health institutions above Grade Two in Chongqing,and the data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Totally 45 questionnaires were sent out for TCM med-ical and health institutions,45 were effectively received with effective recovery of 100%;3 500 were sent out for the citizens,2 250 were effectively received with effective recovery of 64.29%;1 100 were sent out for the staffs in TCM medical and health institu-tions,702 were effectively received with effective recovery of 63.82%. In terms of cultural construction in surveyed institutions,or-ganization,principles and unit markings carried out a relatively high proportion in the core cultural soft power construction,the de-velopment of behavioral norms system carried out a relatively low proportion;and the proportion was higher in the hardware envi-ronment construction. In terms of the cognition of surveyed citizens for the TCM culture,62.98% believed in TCM;the first rea-son for choosing TCM was its less side effects(24.76%);89.42% thought it was necessary to keep in good health. In terms of the cognition of surveyed staffs for the cultural construction of TCM,81.91%thought the TCM culture was taken seriously in their hos-pital;60.54% showed great satisfaction with the cultural construction of TCM;only 23.08% was very familiar with the concept of TCM core values;the surveyed staff thought the main problems in the cultural construction of TCM were lack of facilities (69.09%)and talent personals(44.59%). CONCLUSIONS:The organization,principles,unit markings and facilities in Chongq-ing TCM medical and health institutions are taken seriously,while the behavioral norms system needs to be strengthened;the citi-zens’cognition for TCM culture should to be improved,as well as the staffs’TCM cultural awareness in TCM medical and health institutions.

White coats: how much safe are they.

Various studies have suggested that health care workers'(HCW) clothing, including white coats, are potential reservoirs for microorganisms causing health care associated infections, reinfecting the hands of HCWs and may be a vector for transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Hence the present study was undertaken to detect the incidence of pathogenic microorganisms that contaminate nurses white coats. Methods: Total 324 swabs, collected by swabbing the three sites of the surface of the Nurses’ white coat (pockets, abdominal zone and the sleeve ends) were inoculated on blood agar, Mac-Conkey’s agar and incubated at 37°C overnight. Microbial growth was identified by standard methods. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by Kirby-Baur disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Non-pathogenic bacteria (skin flora) were isolated from all white coat culture and pathogenic bacteria from 76 (70.3%) white coats (45 from Surgery & allied departments, 31 from Medicine & allied departments). From total 324 samples, 85 (26.2%) samples were positive for pathogenic bacteria and total 94 pathogenic bacteria were isolated which includes 33 (35.1%) Staphylococcus aureus (6 MRSA, 27 MSSA), 56 gram negative bacilli (17 ESBL producers). The rate of contamination with pathogens, was higher on pockets (57.4%) compared with abdominal zone (27.6%) and sleeve ends (14.8%). Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of white coats as potential source of cross infection. A strict protocol should be followed for preventing cross-contamination from the white coats.

Innovation and practice of employed staff management pattern in military hospital / 医学研究生学报

Employed staffs in military hospital are the basic power in the development of hospital, and they are playing an im-portant role in the military medical security.The article gives a detailed elaboration on the innovation and practice of employed staff man-agement in our hospital.In order to improve the efficiency and scientific management level of employed staffs, the innovative measure-ments in employment pattern, post management, education development, policy system, promotion passage are put forward in combination with current situation of employed staff in order to promote the construction of employed staffs and the development of the hospital.

Summary of Research on the Concept, Current Situation and Promotion Strategy of Clinical Nurses'Information Literacy / 医学信息学杂志

The paper analyzes proposing and development of the concept of information literacy of clinical nurses and its relations with evidence-based nursing, nursing scientific research and clinical nursing, summarizes current situation and main opinions on influ-encing factors of the study, summarizes the methods and strategies to enhance information literacy of the clinical nurses, and tells the main direction and key points of the study on information literacy of clinical nurses.

Challenges of a negative work load and implications on morale, productivity and quality of service delivered in NHS laboratories in England

The National Health Service (NHS) is a term used to describe the publicly funded healthcare delivery system providing quality healthcare services in the United Kingdom. There are several challenges militating against the effective laboratory service delivery in the NHS in England. Biomedical scientists work in healthcare to diagnose disease and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment through the analysis of body fluids and tissue samples from patients. They provide the "engine room" of modern medicine with 70% of diagnosis based on the laboratory results generated by them. This review involved the search of literature for information on working condition of biomedical scientist in the NHS in England. Laboratory service delivery in the NHS in England faces numerous daunting challenges; staffing levels in the last few years have become dangerously low, less remunerated, relatively less experienced and predominantly band 5's, multidisciplinary rather than specialty based, associated with working more unsocial hours without adequate recovery time, de-banding of staff, high staff turnaround, profit and cost driven rather than quality. These factors has resulted in burn out, low morale, high sickness absences, increased error rate, poor team spirit, diminished productivity and suboptimal laboratory service delivery. There is the urgent need to retract our steps on unpopular policies to ensure that patient care is not compromised by ensuring adequate staffing level and mix, ensuring adequate remuneration of laboratory staff, implementing evidenced-based specialty oriented service, determining the root cause/s for the high staff turnover and implementing corrective action, identifying other potential sources of waste in the system rather than pruning the already dangerously low staffing levels and promoting a quality delivery side by side cost effectiveness.