Conhecimento e experiências vividas por cirurgiões-dentistas quanto à importunação sexual e perseguição em Pernambuco, Brasil / Knowledge and experiences lived by dentists regarding sexual harassment and persecution in Pernambuco, Brazil

Importunação Sexual e Perseguição são práticas configuradas como crime pelo Código Penal Brasileiro - CPB. Sendo o tema pouco explorado na área da saúde, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o nível de conhecimento do cirurgião-dentista atuante no estado de Pernambuco (Brasil), sobre estes dois tipos penais, suas experiências no exercício profissional e atitudes tomadas para resolutividade da questão. Para isto foi realizado estudo descritivo de corte transversal, com aplicação de um questionário online semiestruturado, através da plataforma Google Forms®, utilizando a metodologia "bola de neve", sendo coletados dados sociodemográficos, questões relacionadas ao conhecimento de Importunação Sexual e Perseguição, e por fim, questões relacionadas a experiências sofridas no exercício de sua profissão. Foram incluídos neste estudo 69 questionários, 22% respondidos por homens e 78% por mulheres. A maioria dos participantes respondeu que já ouviu falar sobre Importunação Sexual e sobre Perseguição, no entanto, grande parte demonstrou dificuldade em reconhecer a definição de Importunação, estabelecida pelo CPB. Os que informaram ter tido vivência com algum destes tipos penais, relataram que contaram o fato a um amigo, a algum familiar ou não fizeram nada a respeito. Conclui-se sobre existência de situações dentro da prática profissional odontológica que podem configurar, sobretudo, o crime de Importunação sexual. E, contar a um amigo, a um familiar ou mesmo não fazer nada a respeito foram as atitudes mais comumente realizadas por estes profissionais

Sexual Harassment and persecution are acts configured as a crime by the Brazilian Penal Code - CPB. As the subject is little explored in the health area, this work aimed to verify the level of knowledge of the dentists working in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil), about these two criminal types, their experiences in professional practice and attitudes taken to resolve the issue. For this, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, with the application of a semi-structured online questionnaire, through the google forms platform, using the "snowball" methodology, collecting sociodemographic data, questions related to the knowledge of sexual harassment and persecution, and by finally, questions related to the experiences suffered in the exercise of their profession. 69 questionnaires were included in this study, 22% answered by men and 78% by women. Most participants answered that they had already heard about sexual harassment and persecution, however, most of them showed difficulty in recognizing the definition of harassment, established by the CPB. Those who reported having had experience with one of these criminal types, reported that they told the fact to a friend, to a family member or did nothing about it. It concludes on the existence of situations within professional dental practice that can configure, above all, the crime of sexual harassment. And telling a friend, a family member or even doing nothing about it were the attitudes most commonly performed by these professionals

Registros de ocorrências policiais de "stalking" em Brasília (DF) e regiões administrativas, 2021 / Records of police "stalking" occurrences in Brasília (DF) and administrative regions / 2021 Registros de casos policial de "stalking" en Brasília (DF) y regiones administrativas, 2021

Objetivo: Desenvolver uma reflexão no que se refere ao crime do "Stalking", registrado por meio de ocorrências policiais na cidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal (DF) e regiões administrativas no ano de 2021. Método: Os dados foram adquiridos junto a Divisão de Análise Técnica e Estatística (DATE), pertencente ao Departamento de Inteligência e Gestão da Informação (DIGI) da Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal (PCDF). Foi implementada análise estatística do tipo descritiva e os resultados foram expostos utilizando uma figura e uma tabela. Resultados: Foi identificado o universo de 1.673 casos, com média e desvio-padrão (167,3±61,0). Os meses de agosto e setembro registraram as maiores preponderâncias, cada um com 12,6% (n=210) e março a menor com 0,4% (n=06). Conclusão: Por meio da presente pesquisa foi possível verificar a importância da Lei Federal de número 14.132/2021, objetivando tipificar o fenômeno do "Stalking". Também foi possível perceber que o referido dispositivo legislativo, incentivou o registro de ocorrências policiais, além de contribuir para o combate, mitigação e controle deste crime

Objective: To develop a reflection regarding the crime of "Stalking", recorded through police occurrences in the city of Brasília, Federal District (DF) and administrative regions in the year 2021. Method: Data were acquired from the Division of Technical and Statistical Analysis (DATE), belonging to the Department of Intelligence and Information Management (DIGI) of the Civil Police of the Federal District (PCDF). Descriptive statistical analysis was implemented and the results were exposed using a figure and a table. Results: The universe of 1,673 cases was identified, with mean and standard deviation (167.3±61.0). The months of August and September registered the highest preponderances, each with 12.6% (n=210) and March the lowest with 0.4% (n=06). Conclusion: Through the present research, it was possible to verify the importance of the Federal Law number 14.132/2021, aiming to typify the phenomenon of "Stalking". It was also possible to perceive that the aforementioned legislative device encouraged the registration of police occurrences, in addition to contributing to the fight, mitigation and control of this crime.

Objetivo: Desarrollar una reflexión sobre el delito de "Acoso", registrado a través de incidentes policiales en la ciudad de Brasilia, Distrito Federal (DF) y regiones administrativas en el año 2021. Método: Los datos fueron adquiridos de la División de Técnico y Análisis Estadístico (DATE), perteneciente a la Dirección de Inteligencia y Manejo de la Información (DIGI) de la Policía Civil del Distrito Federal (PCDF). Se aplicó el análisis estadístico descriptivo y se expusieron los resultados mediante una figura y una tabla. Resultados: Se identificó el universo de 1.673 casos, con media y desviación estándar (167,3±61,0). Los meses de agosto y septiembre registraron las mayores preponderancias, cada uno con 12,6% (n=210) y marzo la menor con 0,4% (n=06). Conclusión: A través de la presente investigación, fue posible verificar la importancia de la Ley Federal número 14.132/2021, con el objetivo de tipificar el fenómeno del "Stalking". También se pudo percibir que el mencionado dispositivo legislativo incentivó el registro de las ocurrencias policiales, además de contribuir al combate, mitigación y control de este delito

Concepções teórico-metodológicas na investigação do fenômeno do stalking na adolescência / Theoretical-methodological conceptions in the investigation of the phenomenon of stalking in adolescence / Conceptos teórico-metodológicos en la investigación del fenómeno del stalking en la adolescencia

Esta revisão integrativa da literatura discute aspectos teórico-metodológicos na investigação do fenômeno do stalking na adolescência. Foi realizado um levantamento de artigos empíricos (n=9), com ênfase na população de adolescentes, nas bases PsycINFO, SciELO e PubMed, considerando descritores preestabelecidos - "stalking and adolescence" e "stalking and juvenile" - em publicações entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, e em língua inglesa. Os resultados apontaram diferentes descrições de comportamentos de assédio, perpetrados face-a-face ou no contexto online, por meio das tecnologias, indicando falta de consenso na literatura quanto aos critérios a serem adotados na definição do fenômeno. Observou-se ainda a falta de instrumentos padronizados na investigação do stalking na adolescência, uma vez que a maior parte dos estudos utiliza checklists para sua avaliação.

This integrative review of the literature discusses the theoretical-methodological aspects in the investigation of the phenomenon of stalking in adolescence. A survey of empirical papers (n=9) was carried out, with emphasis on the adolescent population, in databases PsycINFO, SciELO and PubMed, considering pre-established descriptors - "stalking AND adolescence" and "stalking AND juvenile"- in publications between 2013 and 2018, in English language. The results pointed out different descriptions of harassment behavior, perpetrated face-to-face or online through the technologies, indicating lack of consensus in the literature regarding the criteria to be applied on the definition of the phenomenon. We also observed the lack of standardized instruments in the investigation of stalking in adolescence, since most studies use checklists for their evaluation.

Esta revisión integrativa de la literatura discute los aspectos teórico-metodológicos en la investigación del fenómeno del stalking en la adolescencia. Se realizó un levantamiento de artículos empíricos (n=9), con énfasis en la población de adolescentes, en las bases PsycINFO, SciELO y PubMed, considerando descriptores preestablecidos - "stalking AND adolescence" y "stalking AND juvenile" - en publicaciones entre los años 2013 y 2018, en inglés. Los resultados apuntaron diferentes descripciones de comportamientos de acoso, perpetrados cara a cara o en línea, por medio de las tecnologías, indicando falta de consenso en la literatura cuánto a los criterios a ser adoptados en la definición del fenómeno. Se observó además la falta de instrumentos estandarizados en la investigación del stalking en la adolescencia, ya que la mayor parte de los estudios utiliza listas de verificación para su evaluación.

Stalking Following the Breakup of Dating Relationships in Adolescence / Stalking na Pós-Ruptura de Relacionamentos Afetivo-Sexuais na Adolescência / Stalking en el Periodo Post Ruptura de Relacionamientos Afectivos Sexuales en la Adolescencia

Abstract This cross-sectional exploratory study investigated the incidence of stalking subsequent to the breakup of a dating or romantic relationship during adolescence. A total of 117 adolescents (62.4% female), with a mean age of 16.87 years (SD = 1.26), were identified as victims of stalking perpetrated by an ex-intimate partner and were compared to a group of non-victims (n = 410) matched by age and sex. "Courtship and Approach" was the most prevalent type of stalking. Adolescents stalking victims exhibited significantly higher mean scores for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms than did non-victims; and female victims presented greater symptomatology than did male victims. Multiple regression analysis indicated that suffering physical and verbal/emotional abuse during a dating relationship explains 19.0% of the variance of becoming a stalking victim subsequent to the breakup of the relationship. These findings emphasize the need for a better understanding of the stalking phenomenon and for public policies aimed at intervention and prevention, given that both victims and perpetrators require psychological assistance in order to break the dating violence cycle.

Resumo Este estudo transversal e exploratório investigou a presença de stalking, no período pós-ruptura de relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais de adolescentes. Um total de 117 adolescentes foram identificados como vítimas de stalking por parte do ex-parceiro íntimo (62,4% meninas), com idade média de 16,87 anos (DP = 1.26), os quais foram comparados a um grupo de não vítimas (n = 410), emparelhado por idade e sexo. O stalking do tipo cortejamento e aproximação foi o mais prevalente. Adolescentes vítimas de stalking apresentaram escores médios significativamente mais altos nos sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, quando comparados a não vítimas. Por sua vez, vítimas do sexo feminino apresentaram maior sintomatologia do que vítimas do sexo masculino. Uma análise de regressão múltipla indicou que ter sofrido violência física e verbal/emocional ao longo do relacionamento explica 19,0% da variância de ser vítima de stalking na pós-ruptura. Destaca-se a necessidade de melhor compreensão do fenômeno do stalking, assim como de políticas públicas de intervenção e prevenção, uma vez que tanto vítimas quanto perpetradores necessitam de atendimento psicológico, a fim de romper o ciclo de violência no namoro.

Resumen Este estudio transversal y exploratorio investigó la presencia de stalking, en el periodo post ruptura de relacionamientos afectivos sexuales de adolescentes. Un total de 117 adolescentes fueron identificados como víctimas de stalking por parte de la expareja intima (62.4% niñas), con edad media de 16.87 años (DE = 1.26), los cuales fueron comparados a un grupo de no víctimas (n = 410), emparejado por edad y sexo. El stalking del tipo cortejo y aproximación fue lo que más prevaleció. Adolescentes víctimas de stalking presentaron scores medios significativamente más altos en los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, cuando comparados a no víctimas. No obstante, víctimas del sexo femenino presentaron sintomatología mayor que las víctimas del sexo masculino. Un análisis de regresión múltiple indicó que haber sufrido violencia física y verbal/emocional a lo largo del relacionamiento explica 19.0% de la variación de ser víctima de stalking en la post ruptura. Se destaca la necesidad de mejor comprensión del fenómeno del stalking, así como de politicas públicas de intervención y prevención, una vez que tanto víctimas cuanto perpetradores necesitan de atendimiento psicológico, a fin de romper el ciclo de violencia.

Stalking e ciberstalking: coocorrência e padrões de vitimação em estudantes universitários / Stalking and cyberstalking: co-occurrence and victimization patterns in university students / Stalking y ciberstalking: coocurrencia y estándares de victimación en estudiantes universitarios

Esta investigação analisou a coocorrência e os respetivos padrões de vitimação do stalking e do ciberstalking em estudantes universitários através do Inventário de Vitimação por Stalking e pela Escala de Avaliação de Ciberstalking. A amostra foi 1.081 estudantes universitários portugueses, de ambos os sexos e com idades entre os 18 e os 58 anos (M = 22,8; DP = 4,94). Os resultados demonstraram taxas de 24,0% de stalking, 22,8% de ciberstalking e de 15,4% de coocorrência de ambos os fenómenos. As 167 vítimas simultaneamente de stalking e ciberstalking eram predominantemente do sexo feminino e os agressores, do sexo masculino. Os comportamentos de stalking e ciberstalking maioritariamente perpetrados foram ações percecionadas como inofensivas e de hiperintimidade. Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de políticas de prevenção e intervenção com os estudantes vítimas destas duas formas de violência

This research analysed the co-occurrence and the respective victimization patterns of stalking and cyberstalking in college students through the Inventário de Vitimação por Stalking and the Escala de Avaliação de Ciberstalking. The sample was collected from 1081 Portuguese college students, aged from 18 to 58 years (M = 22.8; SD = 4.94). The results demonstrate 24.0% of stalking rates, 22.8% of cyberstalking and 15.4% of co-occurrence of both types of violence. The 167 simultaneously victims of stalking and cyberstalking were predominantly female and the perpetrators were male. The behaviours of stalking and cyberstalking were actions thought of as apparently harmless and intimate. These results support the need to develop policies for prevention and intervention with college student victims of both forms of violence

La presente investigación analizó la coocurrencia y los correspondientes estándares de victimación del stalking y del ciberstalking en estudiantes universitarios a través del Inventario de Vitimación por Stalking y de la Escala de Evaluación de Ciberstalking. La muestra fue de 1.081 estudiantes universitarios portugueses, de los dos sexos y con edades entre los 18 y los 58 años (M = 22,8, DE = 4,94). Los resultados demostraron tasas de 24,0% de stalking, 22,8% de ciberstalking y de 15,4% de coocurrencia de los dos fenómenos. Las 167 víctimas simultáneamente de stalking y ciberstalking eran predominantemente del sexo femenino y los agresores del sexo masculino Los comportamientos de stalking y ciberstalking mayoritariamente cometidos fueron acciones percibidas como inofensivas y de hiperintimidad. Estos resultados refuerzan la necesidad de políticas de prevención e intervención con los estudiantes víctimas de estas dos formas de violencia

Clinical application of platelet-rich fibrin in chronic wounds combined with subcutaneous stalking sinus / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of chronic wounds combined with subcutaneous stalking sinus caused by various kinds of reasons.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 72 patients with chronic wounds and combined with subcutaneous stalking sinus caused by various kinds of reasons admitted to our unit from June 2015 to February 2017, conforming to the study criteria, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into group PRF (n=39) and routine dressing change (RDC) group (n=33) according to their treatment. The subcutaneous stalking sinuses of patients in group PRF were filled with PRF 1 or 2 times after debridement, while the surface of wound was covered by vaseline gauze and aseptic dressing, and dressing change was performed once per 2-3 days. The wounds of patients in group RDC were filled with iodine gauze after debridement of wounds and wrapped up with conventional aseptic dressing, and dressing change was performed once per 0.5-2.0 days. The times of operation, the times of dressing change, the time for negative-conversing of bacteria culture in the secretion of wound, the time of subcutaneous stalking sinus closure, and the complete healing time of wounds of patients in two groups were recorded. Data were processed with Chi-square test and independent sample t test.@*Results@#The operation times of patients in two groups were close (t=0.565, P>0.05). The dressing changes of patients in group PRF were (6.4±2.1) times, significantly less than (19.2±6.2) times in group RDC, t=12.107, P<0.01. The time for negative-conversing of bacteria culture in the secretion of wound of patients in group PRF was (15±5) d, significantly shorter than (25±9) d in group RDC, t=6.087, P<0.01. The time of subcutaneous stalking sinus closure of patients in group PRF was (12±5) d, significantly shorter than (24±8) d in group RDC, t=7.315, P<0.01. The complete healing time of wounds of patients in group PRF was (23±7) d, significantly shorter than (35±10) d in group RDC, t=5.924, P<0.01. All the chronic wounds of patients in two groups were completely healed, and there were no break or new sinus formed during the follow-up of 4-12 months after discharge.@*Conclusions@#The application of PRF in the treatment of chronic wounds combined with subcutaneous stalking sinus caused by various reasons can bring about rapidly healing of wounds, definite effect, and convenient operation, thus is worth promoting and applying in clinic.

O amor e o stalkeador: novos recursos para a vigilância nas redes sociais / Love and stalking: new features for surveillance in social networks / El amor y el stalkeador: nuevos recursos para la vigilancia en las redes sociales

O objeto de estudo deste artigo é o fenômeno do “stalkear”, que consiste na vigilância permanente da pessoa amada por meio das postagens nas redes sociais virtuais. Fundamentados na teoria psicanalítica, acredita-se que as relações virtuais são marcadas pelo imaginário da completude. Com base nos mitos dos Andróginos e de Diotima, em “O Banquete”, de Platão, discute-se o amor, que se caracterizaria pela busca de uma unidade perdida no primeiro mito, e como oscilação e falta no segundo. Na contemporaneidade, a dimensão do outro como a dimensão da falta aparece eclipsada, acarretando consequências ao campo amoroso. A tecnologia virtual favorece a ilusão da completude quando rompe as distâncias entre os sujeitos, já que é possível se falar a qualquer hora e local. O fenômeno do “stalkear” nas redes sociais aparece facilitado pela própria lógica de funcionamento das redes e das possibilidades que elas abrem aos sujeitos

The object of this article is the phenomenon of stalking, which consists of permanent surveillance of the beloved one through their posts in virtual social networks. Grounded in psychoanalytic theory, we believe that virtual relationships are marked by the imagery of completeness. Based on the myths of Androgyny and Diotima in Plato’s “The Symposium”, we discuss love, which is characterized by the search for a lost unity in the first myth, and by oscillation and absence in the second. In contemporary times, the measure of the other as the dimension of absence is eclipsed, resulting in consequences for the field of love. Virtual technology fosters the illusion of completeness when it breaks with the distances between the subject, since its users have the opportunity to get in touch with one another at any time and place. The phenomenon of stalking on social networks is facilitated by the logic of how networks work and the possibilities they open to the subjects

El objeto de este artículo es el fenómeno de stalkear que consiste en la vigilancia permanente de la persona amada a través de mensajes en las redes sociales virtuales. Con base en la teoría psicoanalítica, creemos que las relaciones virtuales están marcadas por el imaginario de la exhaustividad. A partir de los mitos de los Andróginos y de Diotima en “El Banquete” de Platón, se discute el amor, que se caracterizaría por la búsqueda de una unidad perdida en el primer mito, y cómo oscilación y falta en el segundo. En la época contemporánea la dimensión del otro como la dimensión de la falta aparece eclipsada, dando como resultado consecuencias en el campo amoroso. La tecnología virtual fomenta la ilusión de plenitud cuando rompe con las distancias entre los sujetos, ya que se puede hablar a cualquier hora y lugar. El fenómeno del stalkear en las redes sociales aparece facilitado por la propia lógica de funcionamiento de las redes y de las posibilidades que ellas abren a los individuos

Acoso Cibernético: Validación en México del ORI-82 / Cyber Stalking: ORI-82 Validation in Mexico

Resumen: El estudio del acoso cibernético esta iniciando en México. El impacto que tienen la utilización tecnológica en la actualidad es innegable, pero también no se debe de perder de vista que existen personas que lo utilizan para acosar a otras. Por lo que el propósito de la presente investigación fue validar en México la subescala de la Encuesta de Intrusión Obsesiva Relacional de Contacto Mediado (Spitzberg & Cupach, 2014). Para ello participaron 717 personas (504 mujeres y 204 hombres) que reportaron haber sido víctimas de acoso. Se realizó el procedimiento de validez y confiabilidad de Reyes Lagunes y García y Barragán (2008) y se obtuvo una medida con propiedades psicométricas robustas e interesantes, identificándose cinco factores: vigilancia remota, búsqueda de interacción, desprestigio social, acercamientos y violencia. La escala resultó diferente en su configuración factorial de la reportada originalmente.

Abstract: The study of cyber stalking is starting in Mexico. The impact of technology use today is undeniable, but also should not forget that there are people who use it to harass others. So the purpose of this investigation was to validate in Mexico the subscale of the Survey Obsessive Relational Intrusion called Contact Mediated (Spitzberg & Cupach, 2014). To do so, participated 717 people (504 women and 204 men) who reported being harassed. We used the method of validity and reliability of Reyes Lagunes & García y Barragán (2008) to obtain a valid measure with robust and interesting psychometric properties and five: remote surveillance, search interaction, social prestige, approaches and violence. The scale was different in the originally reported factorial configuration.

Reported Experiences of Stalking Behavior from Patients towards Psychiatrists from the Atlantic Provinces of Canada.

Aim: A study was conducted to assess the magnitude of stalking experienced by psychiatrists, its’ effects and actions taken to ameliorate the problem. Methods: A cross sectional study to assess the magnitude of stalking the consequent effects on the psychological, social and occupational life of psychiatrists; and any preventative measure taken was conducted from July 2009-April 2010. A questionnaire was sent to 301 psychiatrists practicing in Atlantic Canada. Local Ethics approval was obtained. Results: Of the 308 psychiatrists sent surveys, 116 responded (37.6%; 67 males and 47 females). One questionnaire was invalid. (Twenty-nine (15 males and 14 females) reported experiences of stalking. Fifty-eight (50.4%) were above age 50, 49(42.6%) were between ages 35-50 and (8) 7% were younger than 35. In the study cohort, 39(33.6%) psychiatrists were in pure clinical practice, 4(3.4%) were in academic practice and 71(61.2%) had combined clinical and academic practice. Among the subspecialties, 73(62.9%) psychiatrists were practicing general adult psychiatry, 19(16.4%) were child and adolescent psychiatrists, 6(5.2%) in geriatric psychiatry, 4(3.4%) in consultationliaison, 5(4.3%) in forensic, 1(0.9%) in developmental disability and 7(6.0%) were in other psychiatric specialties. Of 115 psychiatrists, 53(46.1%) were in practice for more than 15 years, 16 (13.9%) were from 11–15 years, 29 (25.2%)-from 5 to 10 years and 17(14.8%) were in practice for less than 5 years. There was no significant differences [OR (Odds Ratio values), p-values>0.05) in reported stalked for age or length of psychiatric practice. However, there was strong association of stalking with the distress experienced by the psychiatrists (p=0.00). Conclusion: The problem of stalking does exist in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada and causes immense psychological, professional and social distress among psychiatrists who fall victim to stalking behavior. The majority of mental health professionals are unaware of any laws against stalking in Canada. There is a need for more effective education, support services and redress if we are to ameliorate the burden associated with stalking behaviours.

Acoso laboral: relaciones con la cultura organizacional y la gestión de personas / Bullying: relationships with organizational culture and management of people

Los cambios en la sociedad y en el mundo del trabajo en curso desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX nos plantean cuestiones fundamentales sobre la forma en que han caracterizado el trabajo en las organizaciones contemporáneas. En este contexto, es una tarea ardua, pero imprescindible analizar y anticipar nuevos escenarios organizacionales que están en construcción. Entre los fenómenos presentes en estas situaciones, derivadas de las relaciones laborales establecidas, se destaca el acoso laboral, los problemas que trae a la salud del trabajador y a los procesos de producción. La cultura de la organización y el modelo de gestión de personas adoptado son elementos de la organización que pueden generar las manifestaciones de acoso, (re) producir prácticas centradas en resultados y productividad, omitiéndose el acoso en las relaciones de trabajo. Sin embargo, la cultura puede ser un vehículo para producir cambios en la gestión de estos contextos mediante la construcción de valores de la organización relacionados con la salud del trabajador y la adopción de modelos de gestión que protagonicen la lucha y la eliminación de las prácticas de acoso en el trabajo diario.

The context of societal change and the world of work occurring over the last decades of the twentieth century present us with fundamental questions about the way work is characterized in modern organizations.. In this context, although difficult, it is essential to analyze and anticipate new organizational settings that are under construction. Among the phenomena present in these scenarios, derived from established employee relations, is bullying and its impact on workers’ health and production processes. The organizational culture and management model adopted are factors that may favor the emergence of bullying, because they are focused on results and productivity, ignoring harassment due to labor relations. However, culture can also be a vehicle for change in these contexts, when built on organizational values related to worker health and the adoption of management models geared at combating and eliminating bullying from daily work.

Acoso Laboral en Mujeres y Hombres: un estudio en la población española / Workplace harassment in women and men: a study in the Spanish population

Las principales metas del presente trabajo son dos: 1) Conocer la salud física y mental de las personas que sufren acoso laboral. 2) Analizar si existen diferencias en función del género en la asociación entre el acoso laboral y los problemas de salud. Se utilizó un diseño transversal con una muestra formada por 209 personas empleadas (el 47,4% hombres y el 52,6% mujeres) víctimas de acoso laboral y un grupo control de 209 personas de la población general que no habían sufrido acoso laboral. Los resultados mostraron que las personas que habían sufrido acoso laboral tenían más ansiedad e insomnio y más sintomatología somática y depresiva que quienes no habían sufrido acoso en su trabajo, diferencias que eran más acusadas en las mujeres que en los hombres. Además, las personas con acoso laboral reportaron sufrir mayor número de enfermedades y consumir más medicamentos, su autoestima y apoyo social eran menores y tenían mayor insatisfacción con su rol laboral. Estos resultados evidencian que el acoso laboral supone un riesgo para la salud física y mental de las personas trabajadoras.

The principal aims of this study are two: 1) To know the mental and physical health of people suffering workplace harassment; 2) To analyze gender differences in the association between the workplace harassment and health problems. Research design was a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 209 employees (47.4 men and 52.6%) who experienced workplace harassment and a control sample of 209 general population persons who did not experienced workplace harassment. Results showed that employees who experienced workplace harassment had more anxiety and insomnia, depressive and somatic symptoms than employees who did not experienced workplace harassment, differences which were more pronounced in women than in men. Also, employees who experienced workplace harassment also had more number of illness, more medicine consumption and have less self-esteem, social support and more work role dissatisfaction. These results make clear that workplace harassment is a risk for workers’ mental and physical health.

La lucha de los sindicatos de bancarios de Brasil contra el acoso moral / The struggle of the Brazilian bank unions against bullying

En los últimos años de la dictadura militar y el comienzo del proceso de apertura política en Brasil, la reanudación de los sindicatos por sus legítimos propietarios - los trabajadores -, la creación de la Central Única de Trabajadores - CUT/Brasil y la rearticulación de los movimientos sociales, posibilitaron la lucha por libertades democráticas y por mejores condiciones de trabajo, obteniéndose muchos avances para la sociedad y para los trabajadores en particular. En la década de 1990 la profundización de las políticas neoliberales hicieron los puestos de trabajo aun más penosos. Los trabajadores de los bancos están entre los sectores que más sufren de acoso moral. La introducción de nuevas tecnologías y la adopción de nuevas formas de gestión del trabajo contribuyeron a empeorar la situación, al reducir en un 50% los puestos de trabajo bancarios, ejerciendo presión por una productividad insostenible. En los años 2000, finalmente, se estableció un proceso de negociación con los representantes de los empleadores y se creó un programa para la prevención de la violencia psicológica en los bancos, a través de un protocolo firmado por la mayoría de los sindicatos y grandes bancos. Este protocolo constituye una herramienta importante en la lucha contra las prácticas de violencia psicológica en el trabajo bancario.

In the final years of the military dictatorship and the opening of the political process in Brazil, the resumption of trade unions by their rightful owners - the workers - the creation of the Central Única de Trabajadores - CUT / Brazil and the reemergence of social movements, spearheaded the struggle for democratic rights and improved working conditions, leading to many advances for both society and individual workers. In the 1990s, the implementation of neoliberal policies put a greater burden on jobs. Bank workers are in a sector that suffers from bullying. The introduction of new technologies and the adoption of new forms of managing organizations contributed to a worsening of the situation, with jobs being reduced by 50% in this sector and unsustainable productivity demands. In 2000, a collective bargaining process was finally established with employer representatives, and a program was created for the prevention of psychological violence in banks, through a policy signed by the majority of unions and large banks. This policy is an important tool in the struggle against psychological violence in the banking sector.

Lucha contra el acoso moral en la administración pública: estrategias y desafíos / The fight against moral harassment in the public sector: strategies and challenges

Se relata la experiencia llevada a la práctica por el Grupo de Estudios de la Comisión de Combate al Acoso Moral: Estrategias y desafíos, donde se analizó el problema del acoso moral en las instituciones públicas del Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, con los trabajadores contratados y con estabilidad laboral. El objetivo de la investigación consiste en presentar las estrategias de acción en el combate al acoso moral en el centro de trabajo, para facilitar el intercambio de experiencias y los conocimientos entre los profesionales de salud pública de nuestro país y de América Latina, en lo que se refiere a la construcción de prácticas y conocimientos en torno a la investigación. El modelo fue desarrollado por un Grupo de Estudios, que fue avanzando hasta convertirse en la Comisión de Combate al Acoso Moral de los Sindicatos de Trabajadores del Poder Judicial Estatal de primer y segunda instancia del Estado de Minas Gerais, SINJUS y SERJUSMIG, bajo la coordinación del psicólogo Arthur Lobato. Más allá de los mecanismos legales, ¿qué se puede hacer?, es la pregunta en debate, para garantizar la integridad psíquica, emocional y física del trabajador en su ambiente de trabajo. Aquí se expone la evolución del grupo de estudios a un grupo técnico operacional que luego se convertirá en la Comisión de combate al acoso moral, expandiendo sus estrategias realizadas por los sindicatos a través de la comisión, analizando los avances y la fuerte resistencia de los organismos estatales frente a esta acción sindical a favor de la salud de los trabajadores.

This paper recounts the practice-based experiences of a Study Group of the Commission to Combat Moral Harassment: Strategies and Challenges, where this phenomenon was studies among contracted, stable employees of public institutions in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Our objective is to, present strategic actions aimed at combatting moral harassment in the workplace, to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and experience among public health practitioners in our country and the rest of Latin America, with respect to the construction of a knowledge base on research and practices. The model was developed by a Study Group that later became a trade union Commission to Combat Moral Harassment of the first and second levels of the judicial system in Minas Gerais, SINJUS and SERJUSMIG, under the coordination of the psychologist Arthur Lobato. We seek to go beyond legal mechanisms and debate the question of “What can be done?” to assure the integrity of a worker’s physical, emotional and psychological health. Here we present the evolution of the Study Group, from a technical group to a full-blown Commission that is expanding the strategies carried out by trade unions, and analyzing its progress as well as the strong resistance by state agencies against this union-led initiative designed in favour of workers’ health.

Violencia organizacional: un riesgo no visible, pero objetivo e innegable / Institutional violence: an invisible risk, but real and undeniable

Los autores hacen una amplia reflexión sobre el acoso laboral y consideraciones acerca de la investigación en diferentes países, planteando un escenario internacional y comentando sobre el progreso de los estudios en América Latina y Brasil. Señalan las consecuencias del acoso laboral a la salud de los trabajadores, lo cual puede conducir a la muerte por suicidio. Al final, proponen la necesidad de acciones preventivas. En este artículo, la autora considera el método como el “alma misma de lo real” y por lo tanto, elige un enfoque cualitativo, a partir de la dialéctica histórica que permite entender la correlación del acoso con nuevas formas de organizar y administrar el trabajo contemporáneo, poniéndolo como un riesgo psicosocial y por lo tanto no visible, lo que hace que los actos de violencia en el entorno del trabajocontra los trabajadores/as y en las relaciones laborales-como del orden de la estructura organizativa y no los problemas puramente de personalidad o psicológico, aun cuando este aspecto es lo que aparece en la escena.

The authors reflect broadly on workplace harassment, ongoing research in different countries, and comment on progress on research in this area in Latin America and Brazil. They point out the implications of workplace harassment on workers’ health, upt to and including suicide. In the end, the authors propose the need for preventive actions. The author of this article, by considering the method as “the very soul of the real”, thereby chosing a qualitative approach from the historical-dialectic perspective, which allows an understanding of correlations between workplace harassment and new ways of organizing and managing today’s workplace, putting it in terms of psychosocial risk factors. Hence, this is less visible, which in turn leads to violence in the workplace - perpetrated against workers and against employee relations - reflecting an organizational issue rather than due to individual personality or psychological problems, even though the appearance may be otherwise.

Ciberbullying en colegios privados y estatales de primaria en dos distritos de Lima Metropolitana / Cyberbullying in private and state elementary schools in two Metropolitan Lima districts

Objetivos: Determinar las características del ciberbullying en escolares de 5° y 6° de primaria de colegios estatales y particulares, de Jesús María y Pueblo Libre. Diseño: Descriptivo transversal. Institución: Colegios estatales y particulares, de Jesús María y Pueblo Libre. Participantes: Alumnos de 5° y 6° de primaria. Intervenciones: En 826 alumnos de 5° y 6° de primaria, se aplicó una encuesta anónima de Rosario Ortega. Principales medidas de resultado: Análisis descriptivo y pruebas estadísticas de asociación. Resultados: Se comunicó ciberbullying en 24,7% de los alumnos; fue mayor en 6° grado y en colegios privados. La agresión por celular e internet ocurrió en 1,9% y hubo víctimas por celular en 6,3% y por internet 12%. La situación de victimas por internet se asoció a computadora en cuarto (p=0,019) y al uso de internet fuera de casa (p=0,000); fue mayor en colegios privados (p=0,002) y con el empleo de internet fuera de casa aumentó a 23,1% (p=0,032). Los varones agredieron más que las mujeres (p=0,000). Conclusiones: El ciberbullying fue más frecuente en alumnos de 6° de primaria de colegios privados. Las víctimas por internet fueron más frecuentes que por celular, y se asociaron a tener computadora en su cuarto o usarla fuera de casa. Predominó la agresión en los varones.

Objectives: To determine cyberbullying characteristics in Jesus Maria and Pueblo Libre districts 5th and 6th grade students from state and private schools. Design: Descriptive, cross sectional. Setting: Students from state and private schools. Participants: 5th and 6th grade students. Interventions: Rosario Ortega’s anonymous survey was applied in 826 5th and 6th grade students. Main outcome measures: Descriptive analysis and statistical association tests. Results: Cyberbullying was reported in 24.7% students; it was higher in 6th grade, and in private schools. Aggressors by phone and internet were 1.9%, phone victims 6.3% and internet victims 12%. Internet victims’ condition was associated with having computer at their bedrooms (p=0.019) and using Internet outdoors (p=0.000); it was higher in private schools (p=0.002) and increased to 23.1% (p=0.032) when using Internet outdoors. Males assaulted more than females (p=0.000). Conclusions: Cyberbullying was more common in 6th grade students from private schools. Internet victims were more than phone victims; internet bullying was associated with having computer in their room or using it outdoors. Aggression predominated in males.

A Forensic Psychiatric Study for Stalking Offenders / 대한법의학회지

OBJECT: This study was devised to examine the demographic characteristics, behaviors, psychopathology and associated crimes of stalking offenders. METHODS: It concerned 50 stalking offenders referred to the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital for the forensic evaluation. RESULTS: Most of the stalking offenders were men(78.0%, N=39), and many were unemployed(74.0%, N=37),;70.0%(N=35) had lived alone and they committed the serious crime. Victims included the colleagues or acquaintances(48.0%, N=24), past intimate persons(22.0%, N=11), stars or celebrities(16.0%, N=8), and strangers(14.0%, N=7). The duration of stalking was from 2 month to 20 years (mean= 37.7 month). Three types of stalking offenders were: love obsessional type, delusional type and revenge type. Delusional disorder(40.0%, N=20) was the most frequent, and the next frequent was schizophrenia(22.0%, N=11). CONCLUSION: Most stalking offenders found single and socially isolated male, and tend to attack the victim directly or indirectly. Appropriate legal and therapeutic interventions are necessary in order to prevent such serious crime as stalking.