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Intravitreal drug injection is a treatment for common chronic fundus diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. The "14th Five-Year" National Eye Health Plan (2021-2025) recommends focusing on fundus diseases and improve the management mode of patients with chronic eye diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to explore how to further optimize the service process of intravitreal injection under the premise of guaranteeing patients' medical safety, to promote medical service efficiency and standardized management level and improve the medical experience of patients. Based on the quality control standard of vitreous cavity injection for retinopathy in China, Chinese fundus disease and related field experts developed the present expert consensus on the establishment of a one-stop intravitreal injection model and the management of its organization after a serious, comprehensive, and complete discussion, focusing on a standardized operation process, quality control, and safety management, providing more references for establishing a suitable intravitreal injection management model for ophthalmology and promoting the development of diagnostic and treatment models for fundus disease in China.
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@#The number of investigator initiated research (IIR) is increasing. But the recognition and management of IIR in China is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of specific and operable guidance for the implementation process. Based on our practical experiences, previous literature reports, and current policy regulations, the authors took prospective IIR as an example to summarize the implementation process of IIR into 14 steps, which are as the following: study initiation, ethical review, study registration, study filing, case report form design, database establishment, standard operating procedure making, investigator training, informed consent, data collection, data entry, data verification, data locking and data archiving.
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Objective To establish the Good Agricultural Practice（GAP）for standard operation procedure of Shanghai Pheretima. Methods According to the comprehensive technical requirements of GAP standardized production of Chinese herbal medicine, the key technologies of standardized cultivation and processing were studied in Sangxin Town, Chongming District, Shanghai. Results The production area environment, variety characteristics, breeding technology, pest control, harvesting and processing, packaging, storage and transportation, quality monitoring and other technical links of Shanghai Pheretima were clearly defined and standardized. Conclusion This study provides practical basis for the standardization and modernization quality management of Shanghai Pheretima.
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Introduction: In India, voluntary blood donation camps (VBDCs) are a key supply of blood and its products. Conducting blood donation drives was challenging in Navi Mumbai due to the widespread lockdown during the coronavirus disease (COVID) outbreak. Study Type: This was a retrospective study. Materials and Methods: To relieve the anxieties and apprehensions of the blood donor population, extensive confidence-building efforts were required. Various safety measures and standard operating procedures were also included, as well as training for VBDC organizers and medical personnel. We studied the blood donations done at our institute on a retrospective basis from blood bank records. Results: Our study showed a 7% increase in outdoor VBDC donations in 2021 over the previous year 2020. However, according to the advice of the local transfusion council, promoting in-house donations raised their number by a stunning 33% in 2021. Conclusion: Even during the COVID pandemic, confidence-building methods and precautions helped restore VBDC’s legitimacy and increase donation numbers by a marginal extent.
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@#The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and institution of the Movement Control Order (MCO) had resulted in the cancellation of a major orthopaedic exam in April 2020. The exam is known as the Malaysian Orthopaedic Specialist Committee (OSC) Part I Examinations. It is similar to the British Royal Colleges of Surgeons Membership (MRCS) exams and held twice annually in April and October. There are up to 200 candidates involved. With implementation of new guidelines and standard operating procedures (SOP), the OSC Part I exam was successfully held by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) from 5th-9th October 2020. Here we highlight the challenges we faced whilst coordinating a major exam at a national level during the COVID-19 pandemic with recommendations for future exams.
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Electronic data management has the advantages of saving cost and research time and improving the data quality, which has gradually been the mainstream form of clinical data collection and management. It is important to improve the quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) clinical researches. This paper introduces the function, general style, developing principles and processes, management and training of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for electronic clinical data management. The characteristics and difficulties of electronic data management of TCM clinical researches are discussed and suggested solutions are proposed in the end.
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Background: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) has emerged as a major epidemic in Bihar and is associated with high mortality. Owing to the increasing burden of disease and its associated morbidity and mortality, studies were undertaken to evaluate specific etiology of AES. Some studies suggested emergence of scrub typhus as a major cause of AES accounting for about 25% of the cases1. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was developed for treatment of AES cases in Bihar which included addition of Injection Azithromycin (@ 10 mg/kg for 7 to 10 days in case of suspected mycoplasma/rickettsial infection. The objective of the study is to compare the outcome of AES before and after the inclusion of coverage against rickettsial infection.Methods: It is a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna from January 2016 to August 2018.Results: Total number of patients enrolled in both the groups were 127 and 88 respectively. No significant difference were seen in the baseline socio- demographic characteristics of the two groups. Case Fatality Rate in the 1st group (without inclusion of Azithromycin) was 39.3% while in the 2nd Group (with Azithromycin) was 12.5%.Conclusions: Due to the emergence of scrub typhus as a major etiological factor for AES, inclusion of coverage against it along with measures like widespread immunization against Japanese Encephalitis and prompt management of complications and euglycemia, can result in steady decline in the death rates due to AES.
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objective To explore the effect of Standard Operating Procedure on the management of venous blood specimens before laboratory. Methods Blood collection SOP was established and applied on the management of venous blood specimens before laboratory.Nursing capacity,complication rate,rate of unqualified blood specimens were compared between before and after the SOP applying. Results Before and after the applying of SOP, the blood collection capacity of nurses were 85.43 ± 5.07,91.28 ± 4.78,the differences were statistically significant(t=-8.104, P=0.024). Before the applying of SOP, amounts of complication about venous blood collection, unqualified blood specimens and unqualified blood specimens which lead by nursing factors were 21, 95, 51, while after the applying, the amounts were 9, 63, 21, the differences were statistically significant (χ2=4.887, 6.052, 6.325, P﹤0.05). Conclusion Application of Blood collection SOP can promote nursing capacity of blood collection and reduce the incidence of unqualified venous blood specimens,improve the quality of venous blood specimens.
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On the basis of present hospital logistics management at home, the authors analyzed lean logistics management in hospitals and its practice in engineering works from the perspective of Changgung-featured management system, in terms of standard operating procedure, refined equipment maintenance, and routine skills training. It is held that refined logistics management can guarantee smooth operation and operating cost control for hospitals, which offers references for refined logistics management of hospitals in the country.
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objective@#To explore the effect of Standard Operating Procedure on the management of venous blood specimens before laboratory.@*Methods@#Blood collection SOP was established and applied on the management of venous blood specimens before laboratory.Nursing capacity,complication rate,rate of unqualified blood specimens were compared between before and after the SOP applying.@*Results@#Before and after the applying of SOP, the blood collection capacity of nurses were 85.43±5.07,91.28±4.78,the differences were statistically significant(t=-8.104, P=0.024). Before the applying of SOP, amounts of complication about venous blood collection, unqualified blood specimens and unqualified blood specimens which lead by nursing factors were 21, 95, 51, while after the applying, the amounts were 9, 63, 21, the differences were statistically significant (χ2=4.887, 6.052, 6.325, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Application of Blood collection SOP can promote nursing capacity of blood collection and reduce the incidence of unqualified venous blood specimens,improve the quality of venous blood specimens.
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Objective This paper aimed at the management needs of the digital technique research-type laboratory of stomatology to explore a "three-stage training management" mode under the concept of "Standard Operating Procedures" (SOP) to improve the traditional training model for laboratory.Methods Experimental technology training management is an important step to insure the safely running of college research-type laboratory.Digital oral medical experimental technique is a kind of new technique developed in recent years,it is one of the important technical means of oral medical research today.In this paper,we based on the scientific research service demand of digital technique research-type laboratory in oral medical colleges explored and established a kind of three-stage training management mode under the concept of "Standard Operating Procedures".This training management mode included network self-study training,laboratory practical training and regular self-study training.Results The SOP training management model has achieved a good preliminary application effect in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.Conclusions The training management model established in this study could improve the traditional training model and provide a theoretical support and experience for the domestic oral medical colleges.
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Objective To study the application effectiveness of standard operating procedure (SOP) video in management of minimally invasive device cleaning.Methods Standard management began to be implemented in a hospital since January 2015, training was mainly conducted with video-based SOP lecture, defect rate of devices, qualified rate of sterilization package, and satisfaction of surgical staff before (in 2014) and after (in 2015) implementing SOP were compared, management efficacy was evaluated.Results After the implementation of SOP, device defect rate reduced from 6.19％ before the implementation to 0.99％, qualified rate of sterilization package increased from 90.03％ to 98.34％, satisfaction of surgical staff increased from 80.00％ to 97.78％, differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion The implementation of SOP management can effectively improve the cleaning quality of surgical devices, reduce defect rate of devices, and improve the learning effect of staff, which is worth to be popularized and applied in clinical practice.
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Central reading centers (CRCs) have several crucial roles in the conduct of clinical trials, providing key input during the study design, preparation of the operations manual, as well as site and photographer certification. They provide objective, standardized grading of images from study subjects, which determines study eligibility, and also evaluate lesion features at subsequent study visits. CRCs need to adhere strictly to Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines, as well as the established standard operating procedures in order to ensure that images are graded properly. The role of CRCs will continue to evolve, and include the use of web‑based image transmission and grading platforms.
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Objective:To study the significance of standard operating procedures of construction emergency medical simulation teaching-based. Methods:Emergency medical simulation teaching base on the construction of standard operating procedures mode. Results:SOP model was used in emergency medicine in practice teaching and management, it improved the connotation of practical teaching system construction;and was helpful to improve the practice teaching content construction. Evaluation is beneficial to improve the practice teaching system. Evaluation is beneficial to improve the practice teaching system. To strengthen the emergency medical simulation base radiation ability, promote the standardization of practice teaching and management level, this itself is a kind of innovation, but still need to constantly improve and improve. Conclusion:Explore with Chinese characteristics of Chinese and western medicine combined with emergency medicine education mode, cultivate high-quality talents in the field of traditional Chinese and western medicine emergency.
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In order to ensure the superior quality and safety of the raw materials of Reduning Injection-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, a standard operating procedure was established on the base of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) of Chinese herbal medicine as well as practice investigation and experiments. This standard operating procedure provides the technical requirements for the production suitability, growing, field management, diseases and pests controlling, harvesting and processing, packing and storing, transporting, and quality monitoring of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. The experiences and problems in the process of the standardized planting were analyzed and discussed.
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This study was aimed to establish traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment procedure of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in AIDS, and to construct questionnaires for key points and revision of the procedure. The TCM draft of diagnosis and treatment procedure for VZV in AIDS was established through literature retrieval and peer review. Two rounds of surveys were carried out to investigate the confirmation and advice of in-group specialist to key points of TCM or integrative medicine draft including diagnosis, treatment and nursing. Then, diagnosis and treatment procedure were revised according to survey results. The results showed that the recovery of complete ques-tionnaires in the first-round survey was 96%. More confirmation of specialists were given to concept, clinical feature, cause, mechanism, case history and general examination, diagnostic criteria, syndrome differentiation and treatment of dampness-heat of liver channel syndrome, skin, dietary and psychological nursing, treatment course and therapeutic effect standard. The coefficient of variations (CVs) of experiential effective recipe, moxibustion and massage, auxiliary examination, syndrome differentiation and treatment of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, and western medicine treatment were large. The weight coefficients of all items were within 0.043 6 and 0.046 2. The Cronbach Coefficient Alpha (CCA) was 0.996 and the split-half reliability R was 0.86. Recovery of complete questionnaires in the second-round survey was 100%. More confirmation of special-ists were given to outline, cause, mechanism, case history and general examination, diagnostic criteria, syndrome dif-ferentiation and treatment of three syndromes, experiential effective recipe, skin, dietary and psychological nursing. The CV was 0. The CV of auxiliary examination, moxibustion and massage was 0.063 8, which was less than those of first-round survey. The consistency of specialist was relatively increased. The weight coefficients of all items in the second-round survey were within 0.058 2 and 0.059 0. The CCA was -0.041 and the split-half reliability R was 0.79. A new revised procedure was preliminarily established according to results of two rounds of surveys. It was concluded that the activeness, concentration and coordination of specialists were good in two rounds of surveys. Con-sensus in key points of the procedure draft was reached including diagnosis, treatment and nursing.
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Aims: To evaluate the present status of microbiology laboratory by comparing the test results of investigator with that of laboratory staff for sputum for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) withZiehl-NeelsenStaining (Z-N Staining) at primary and secondary level andto assess the present status of a microbiology laboratory for sputum for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) withZiehl-NeelsenStaining (Z-N Staining) at tertiary level. Material and Methods: Type of study : Cross sectional, descriptive type of study. Place of study: Department of Microbiology of Dhaka Medical College,Narsingdi Sadar Hospital,Narsingdi,PolashUpzilla Health Complex ,Polash, Narsingdi andDOTS centers. Duration of study: From July, 2007 to June,2008 Method of sampling: Non probability, purposive and convenient sampling Sample Size: Sputum for AFB: 300 sputum samples were collected for detection of AFB by direct Z-N staining, Z-N staining after bleach centrifugation and Auramine phenol staining before implementing SOP. After following SOP 150 sputum samples were collected and tested in direct Z-N method. Results: In the present study, before SOP out of 100 sputum smear at each level, discrepancy was found in 3% cases at primary level, 2% cases at secondary level and 1% case at tertiary level.After following SOP out of 50 sputum smear at each level, discrepancy was reduced to 2% cases at primary level and no discrepancy was found at secondary and tertiary level. Conclusion: Each laboratory must have SOP for laboratory testing to set the minimum acceptable standard for every test in order to improve and maintain the quality of laboratory services.
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Background: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is a important part of quality assurance (QA). Implementation of GMP request to establish the documentation system and should be reviewed as well as evaluated strictly. Documentation is important because it helps the competent person make decisions whether to finish the product or not and it is used as a base for inspection. In the year of 2006, 100% OPV production line in Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals (POLYVAC) had established the document system. Objectives: To evaluate of the documentation for OPV production in the year of 2006 in POLYVAC. Subjects and method: Documentation for OPV production in 2006 were evaluated by standard operating procedure (SOP) (recommended by WHO). The standards included blank space; erase; code and unit of measurement; revision; no signage and others. Results and Conclusion: Documentation is different between departments. Onlymonkey ranch in Reu island applied 100% SOP. 776 errors were found. Among them blank space (32.2%), erase (27%), code and unit of measurement (21%), revision (5%), no signage (12%) and others (3.6%). The results were the basis of promoting implementation of GMP in vaccine manufacturing in POLYVAC.
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Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated , DosageABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To probe into the standardized management of dispensing in the pharmacy METHODS: To introduce the idea of standardization in dispensing, to establish and implement SOP(standard operating procedure), to carry out networking management, to setup the modern facility, and to introduce the new open and divisional mode for dispensing drugs and to put dispensing and supply of drugs in over - inclusive standardized management .RESULTS: The standardized management of dispensing and supply of drugs was achieved on the whole and the aim of precise dispensing and scientific management was fulfilled. CONCLUSION: The establishment and implementation of SOP, the networking management of drugs and mord-ernization of facility are the basis of standardization of dispensing of drugs.
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Object To study the standard operating procedure (SOP) for Alisma plantago aquatica L. so as to make its high quality, high yield and public nuisance free, and correspond to international standards, then enter into world market. Methods The historical culture, essential ecological environment, species resources and seed selection for the plant were investigated, the content of index components and active components in the plant was determined. Results The traditional cultural manner was improved and SOP for the plant was set up. Conclusion The plant cultured under SOP is excellent.